Ukunakekelwa okuzenzakalelayo: Ingabe kufanele sinikeze ukunakekelwa kwabathandekayo kumarobhothi?

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• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• October 7, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Ukuhlanganiswa kwamarobhothi kanye ne-automation ekunakekeleni kuguqula imboni, okungenzeka kunciphise izindleko kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kodwa futhi kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka ngokuntuleka kwemisebenzi nokunciphisa uzwela lwabantu. Lokhu kushintshwa kungase kubangele izinguquko ezindimeni zabanakekeli, kugxile ekusekelweni kwengqondo nokuphathwa kwezobuchwepheshe kwemishini yokunakekela kuyilapho kuthonya amamodeli ebhizinisi nemithetho kahulumeni. Ukulinganisa intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe nesidingo sokuthinta abantu kanye nokuvikelwa kobumfihlo kubalulekile ekubumbeni ikusasa lokunakekelwa kwabadala.

I-automation ukunakekelwa umongo

Njengoba amarobhothi kanye nesoftware ezenzakalelayo iba yinto evamile, imboni yokunakekela ibhekene nekusasa elingaqinisekile. Nakuba i-automation ingase iholele ekwehleni kwezindleko kanye nokusebenza kahle okwandisiwe, kungase futhi kubangele ukwanda kokuntuleka kwemisebenzi ngaphakathi komkhakha kanye nokuntuleka kozwela ezigulini.

Imisebenzi yosizo lomuntu siqu (ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wezokunakekelwa kwempilo) kulindeleke ukuthi ibe phakathi kwemisebenzi ekhula ngokushesha, ibe negalelo elingamaphesenti angama-20 kuyo yonke imisebenzi emisha ngo-2026, ngokocwaningo lweminyaka eyi-10 lwe-US Bureau of Labor Statistics. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imisebenzi eminingi yosizo lomuntu siqu izobhekana nokushoda kwabasebenzi ngalesi sikhathi esifanayo. Ikakhulukazi, umkhakha wokunakekela asebekhulile usuzoba nokushoda kwezisebenzi zabantu ngo-2030, lapho amazwe angama-34 kulindeleke ukuthi abe “abadala kakhulu” (ingxenye eyodwa kwezinhlanu zabantu ingaphezu kweminyaka engama-65). Ukuzenzakalela kulindeleke ukuthi kunciphise eminye yemiphumela emibi yala mathrendi. Futhi njengoba izindleko zokukhiqiza irobhothi zehla ngo-USD $10,000 ngomshini ngamunye wezimboni ngo-2025, imikhakha eminingi izowasebenzisela ukonga ezindlekweni zabasebenzi. 

Ikakhulukazi, ukunakekela kuyinkambu enentshisekelo yokuhlola amasu okuzenzakalela. Kunezibonelo zabanakekeli bamarobhothi eJapan; bakhipha amaphilisi, basebenze njengabangane basebekhulile, noma banikeze usizo olungokwenyama. Lawa marobhothi ngokuvamile ashibhile futhi asebenza kahle kakhulu kunozakwabo abangabantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminye imishini isebenza nabanakekeli abangabantu ukuze ibasize banikeze ukunakekelwa okungcono. Lawa "marobhothi asebenzisanayo," noma ama-cobots, asiza ngemisebenzi eyisisekelo njengokuphakamisa iziguli noma ukuqapha izibalo zazo. Ama-Cobots avumela abanakekeli abangabantu ukuthi bagxile ekunikezeni ukusekelwa ngokomzwelo nokunakekela kwengqondo ezigulini zabo, okungase kube isevisi ebaluleke kakhulu kunemisebenzi evamile efana nokukhipha imithi noma ukugeza.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Ukuzenzakalela ekunakekelweni kwasebekhulile kuveza ushintsho olukhulu endleleni umphakathi obhekana ngayo nokunakekela, okunemiphumela efinyelela kude. Esimeni sokuqala, lapho amarobhothi enza khona imisebenzi evamile efana nokukhipha imithi kanye nokuhlinzekwa kokunethezeka okuyisisekelo, kunobungozi bokusebenzisa uzwela lomuntu. Lokhu kuthambekela kungaholela ekuhlukaneni komphakathi, lapho ukunakekelwa kwabantu kuba yinkonzo kanokusho, kukhuphule ukungafani kwekhwalithi yokunakekelwa. Njengoba imishini iqhubeka ukuphatha imisebenzi ebikezelwayo, izici eziyingqayizivele zomuntu zokunakekela, njengokusekelwa ngokomzwelo nokusebenzelana komuntu siqu, zingaba izinsizakalo ezikhethekile, ezifinyeleleka ikakhulukazi kulabo abakwazi ukuzikhokhela.

Ngokuphambene, isimo sesibili sibona ukuhlanganiswa okuvumelana kobuchwepheshe kanye nokuthinta komuntu ekunakekelweni kwabantu asebekhulile. Lapha, amarobhothi awawona nje abakhi bomsebenzi kodwa futhi asebenza njengabangane nabeluleki, athatha umsebenzi othile ongokomzwelo. Le ndlela iphakamisa indima yabanakekeli babantu, ibavumele ukuthi bagxile ekuletheni ukusebenzelana okujulile, okunenjongo njengezingxoxo nozwela. 

Kubantu ngabanye, ikhwalithi nokufinyeleleka kokunakekelwa kwasebekhulile kuzothonywa ngokuqondile ukuthi lobu buchwepheshe busetshenziswa kanjani. Amabhizinisi, ikakhulukazi emikhakheni yezokunakekelwa kwempilo nobuchwepheshe, angase adinge ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ngokwakha amarobhothi ayinkimbinkimbi, azwelayo kuyilapho eqeqesha abanakekeli abangabantu ngamakhono akhethekile. Ohulumeni kungase kudingeke bacabangele izinhlaka zokulawula nezinqubomgomo zokuqinisekisa ukufinyelela okulinganayo ekunakekelweni kwekhwalithi, ukulinganisa intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe nokugcinwa kwesithunzi somuntu kanye nozwela ekunakekeleni abantu. 

Imithelela yokunakekelwa kwe-automation

Imithelela ebanzi yokunakekelwa okuzenzakalelayo ingabandakanya: 

• Ukwanda kokukhathazeka mayelana nokuchema kwe-algorithmic okungase kuqeqeshe imishini ukuthi icabange ukuthi zonke izakhamuzi nabantu abakhubazekile benza okufanayo. Lokhu kuthambekela kungase kuholele ekuncipheni kobuntu nakakhulu nasekuthathweni kwezinqumo ezimbi.
• Abadala baphikelela ekunakekelweni kwabantu esikhundleni samarobhothi, becaphuna ukwephulwa kwemfihlo kanye nokungabi nozwelo.
• Abanakekeli bomuntu bayaqeqeshwa kabusha ukuze bagxile ekuhlinzekeni ukwesekwa ngokwengqondo nokwelulekwa, kanye nokuphathwa nokugcinwa kwemishini yokunakekela izingane.
• Amakhaya asebegulela ukufa kanye namakhaya asebekhulile asebenzisa ama-cobots eduze kwabanakekeli abangabantu ukwenza imisebenzi ngokuzenzakalelayo kuyilapho zisanikeza ukwengamela komuntu.
• Ohulumeni abalawula lokho abanakekeli bamarobhothi abavunyelwe ukukwenza, okuhlanganisa nokuthi ubani ozoba necala ngamaphutha asongela ukuphila enziwa yile mishini.
• Izimboni zezempilo zilungisa amamodeli azo ebhizinisi ukuze zihlanganise izinhlelo zokuqeqesha ezithuthukisiwe zabanakekeli, zigxile ekusekeleni ngokwengqondo namakhono ezobuchwepheshe okuphatha ubuchwepheshe bokunakekela.
• Isidingo sabathengi sokusetshenziswa okusobala nokuziphatha kwedatha yomuntu siqu kumarobhothi anakekelayo, okuholela ezinkampanini ezithuthukisa izinqubomgomo zobumfihlo ezicacile kanye nezinqubo zokuphatha idatha ezivikelekile.
• Izinqubomgomo ezivelayo zokuqinisekisa ukufinyelela okulinganayo kubuchwepheshe bokunakekela abasezingeni eliphezulu.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Uma ucabanga ukuthi ukunakekela kufanele kube okuzenzakalelayo, iyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu ongayenza ngayo?
• Yiziphi ezinye izingozi ezingaba khona kanye nemikhawulo yokubandakanya amarobhothi ekunakekeleni izingane?