Ukuxilongwa kokutubeka: Ingozi emsebenzini kubaqashi nabasebenzi

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• June 6, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Incazelo ecolisisiwe yeNhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba (i-WHO) yokutubeka njengokungaphathwa kahle kwengcindezi engapheli yasemsebenzini, kunokuba nje isifo sokucindezeleka, kusiza ukuqonda okuguquguqukayo kanye nezindlela zempilo yengqondo emsebenzini. Lolu shintsho lukhuthaza izinkampani nezikhungo zemfundo ukuthi zibhekane nezingcindezi kanye nezimo ezikhuthazayo ezibeka phambili inhlalakahle yengqondo. Ohulumeni bangase futhi basibone isidingo sokuthuthukisa ukusimama kwengqondo emiphakathini, izinqubomgomo eziqondisayo eziya ekuhlolweni njalo kwezempilo yengqondo, kanye nokukhuthaza ukuhlela amadolobha okucabangela inhlalakahle yengqondo yezakhamuzi.

Umongo wokuxilongwa kokutubeka

I-World Health Organization (WHO) ibuyekeze incazelo yayo yomtholampilo yokutubeka. Ngaphambi kuka-2019, ukutubeka bekubhekwa njenge-stress syndrome, kanti isibuyekezo se-WHO sikucacisa njengokungaphathwa kahle kwengcindezi engapheli yasemsebenzini. 

Ngokusho kwe-American Institute of Stress, ngo-2021, cishe amaphesenti angama-50 abasebenzi akwazi ukulawula ingcindezi ehlobene nomsebenzi. I-National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health yadwebela lesi sibalo ngokudalula ukuthi abantu abaningi bahlobanisa izinkinga zabo zempilo nokucindezeleka komsebenzi kunezinselele zezimali noma zomndeni. Incazelo ebuyekeziwe yokudinwa yi-WHO ngo-2019, ekubuyekezweni kwayo kwe-11 kwe-International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), ibalulekile ngoba ikhuluma ngendima yengcindezi yasemsebenzini njengembangela eyinhloko. 

I-WHO ichaza izindlela ezintathu zokuxilonga eziyinhloko maqondana nokutubeka: ukukhathala okukhulu, ukwehla kokukhiqiza emsebenzini, kanye nomsebenzi ongagculiseki ngomsebenzi wakhe. Izincazelo ezicacile zingasiza odokotela bengqondo bahlonze ukutubeka komtholampilo futhi basuse inhlamba ehambisana nokuxilongwa. Kungasiza futhi odokotela bengqondo nodokotela bengqondo ukubhekana nezimbangela ezinjengokwesaba ukwehluleka noma ukubonwa njengobuthakathaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutubeka kungaholela ekuphazamisekeni kwengqondo njengokucindezeleka nokukhathazeka, kube nomthelela ekukhiqizeni kanye nobudlelwano bomsebenzi kanye nobomuntu siqu. Ngenxa yezimpawu ezigqagqene, ukuxilongwa kokutubeka kuhlanganisa ukukhipha izinto ezivamile njengokukhathazeka, ukuphazamiseka kokulungisa, nokunye ukuphazamiseka kwemizwelo. 

Umthelela ophazamisayo

I-WHO ibibambe iqhaza elikhulu ekuqoqeni imininingwane kusukela ngo-2020 ukuze idale imihlahlandlela enemininingwane yokulawula ukutubeka komtholampilo, isinyathelo okulindeleke ukuthi sisize ochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwempilo ekwenzeni izinhlelo zokwelashwa eziklanyelwe isiguli ngasinye ukuze kulawulwe kangcono izimpawu. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kulindeleke ukuthi kukhuthaze ukuqonda okujulile kokusabalala kwalesi sifo kanye nomthelela njengoba kuvela izimo eziningi. Kubantu ababhekene nokutubeka, lokhu kusho ukufinyelela ezisombululweni eziqondiswe kakhulu nezisebenza ngempumelelo zokunakekelwa kwempilo, okungase kuholele enhlalakahleni yengqondo ethuthukisiwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuvulela indlela umphakathi lapho impilo yengqondo ibhekwa njengebaluleke kakhulu, ikhuthaza abantu ukuba bafune usizo ngaphandle kokucwaswa.

Esimeni sebhizinisi, imingcele echazwe kabusha yokutubeka ibonakala njengethuluzi i-Human Resources engalisebenzisa ukuze kulungiswe izinqubomgomo zokuphatha abasebenzi, iqinisekise ukuthi abantu bathola ukunakekelwa okudingekayo, ukwesekwa, kanye nezinzuzo, okuhlanganisa nesikhathi esifanele sokuphumula uma kutholakala ukuthi ukhathele kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izikhungo zemfundo, okuhlanganisa izikole namakolishi, kulindeleke ukuthi ziphinde zihlole futhi ziguqule izici ezidala ingcindezi, zandise izinhlobonhlobo zezinketho zokwelapha ezitholakala kubo bobabili abafundi namalungu obuhlakani. Le ndlela yokuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha ingase iholele esimweni sokufunda esivumelana kakhulu nenhlalakahle yengqondo.

Ohulumeni badlala indima ebalulekile ekuqondiseni umphakathi ekusaseni lapho ukutubeka kulawulwa ngempumelelo. Inqubomgomo ebuyekeziwe yokulawula ukutubeka kungenzeka igqugquzele inkambiso lapho izinkampani zithanda khona ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela abasebenzi ukuthi bafinyelele esimweni sokutubeka, ezithuthukisa isiko lomsebenzi onempilo. Lo mkhuba ungase futhi wehlele kuzilungiselelo zemfundo, uzikhuthaze ukuthi zinikeze izinketho zokwelashwa ezengeziwe futhi zidale izindawo ezingenaso ingcindezi, ezikhuthaza isizukulwane esikhiqizayo nesiqinile ngokwengqondo. 

Imiphumela yokuxilongwa kokutubeka

Imithelela ebanzi yokutubeka okubonwa njengosongo olukhulu empilweni yabantu ingase ihlanganise:

• Ukwanda kwenani lezindawo zokusebenza ezishintsha imigomo yazo yamahora abalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi abasebenzi bangakwazi ukuqeda imisebenzi yabo phakathi namahora omsebenzi.
• Ukucekelwa phansi kwegama elithi "ukutubeka" njengoba izindawo zokusebenza zibavumela abasebenzi ababhekene nalesi simo.
• Ukuguqulwa kwamamojula okuqeqesha abasebenzi bezempilo yengqondo, izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo, kanye nabeluleki ukuze babahlomise ngamakhono adingekayo ukuze basize iziguli ngempumelelo, okungenzeka kuholele ohlelweni lokunakekelwa kwezempilo olunekhono lokusingatha izinkinga eziningi zempilo yengqondo.
• Ushintsho kumamodeli ebhizinisi ukuze kuhlanganiswe ukuphila kahle kwengqondo njengento eyinhloko, nezinkampani ezitshala imali eningi ekusekeleni impilo yengqondo yabasebenzi.
• Ohulumeni bethula izinqubomgomo ezikhuthaza ukuhlolwa kwezempilo yengqondo njalo, okufana nokuhlolwa kwempilo yomzimba, okukhuthaza umphakathi obheka impilo yengqondo nengokomzimba njengebaluleke ngokulinganayo.
• Ukukhuphuka okungaba khona kwenani leziqalo nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezigxile ekuphileni kahle kwengqondo, ezihlinzeka ngamasevisi afana nokwelulekwa okubonakalayo nezinkundla zokufundisa zokulawula ingcindezi.
• Izikole namakolishi aphinde abukeze ikharikhulamu yawo ukuze ahlanganise izifundo ezigxile enhlalakahleni engokwengqondo, akhulise isizukulwane esiqaphela kakhudlwana futhi esihlomele ukubhekana nezinselele zempilo yengqondo.
• Ushintsho olungase lube khona ekuhleleni amadolobha ukuze kufakwe izindawo eziluhlaza ezengeziwe nezindawo zokungcebeleka, njengoba ohulumeni nemiphakathi beqaphela indima yemvelo empilweni yengqondo.
• Ushintsho olungase lube khona kuzinqubomgomo zomshwalense ukumboza kabanzi ukwelashwa kwezempilo yengqondo, ukukhuthaza abantu ukuthi bafune usizo ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngezinkinga zezimali.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ucabanga ukuthi amacala okutubeka emtholampilo azokwenyuka phakathi kuka-2022 no-2032? Kungani noma kungani kungenjalo? 
• Ingabe ukholelwa ukuthi abantu abaningi abasebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezikude emisebenzini yabo banomthelela ekwandeni kokutubeka emsebenzini?