Ikhabhoni ethwebula izinto zezimboni: Ukwakha ikusasa lezimboni ezisimeme

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• August 19, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Izinto ezintsha ezibamba i-carbon dioxide ziguqula indlela esakha ngayo, zinikeza ikusasa elihlanzekile. Lezi zinto ezintsha, kusukela ezinsikeni ze-bamboo kuya kuzinhlaka zensimbi-organic, zinganciphisa umthelela wemvelo futhi zithuthukise ukusimama ekwakhiweni. Ukutholwa kwabo okusabalele kungaholela ezindaweni ezinempilo, ukukhula komnotho kubuchwepheshe obuzinzile, kanye nenqubekelaphambili ebalulekile emizamweni yokunciphisa ikhabhoni emhlabeni wonke.

I-CO2 ithwebula umongo wezinto zemboni

Izinto ezisetshenziswa yizimboni ezinokhabhoni ziya ngokuya zigxila ezinkampanini ezifuna izixazululo ezisimeme. Lezi zinkampani zihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obukwazi ukuthwebula i-carbon dioxide ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza zendabuko. Isibonelo, indlela ye-Mineral Carbonation International ese-Australia ibandakanya ukuguqula isikhutha sibe izinto zokwakha kanye neminye imikhiqizo yezimboni.

Le nkampani isebenzisa i-mineral carbonation, ilingisa indlela yemvelo yoMhlaba yokugcina i-carbon dioxide. Le nqubo ihilela ukusabela kwe-carbonic acid ngamaminerali, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwe-carbonate. I-Carbonate iyinhlanganisela ehlala izinzile isikhathi eside futhi iyasebenza ekwakhiweni. Isibonelo sokumuncwa kwekhabhoni yemvelo ama-White Cliffs ase-Dover, abangela ukubukeka kwawo okumhlophe ngenani elibalulekile le-carbon dioxide elimunce eminyakeni eyizigidi.

Ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukiswe yi-Mineral Carbonation International bufana nesistimu esebenza kahle kakhulu. Kulolu hlelo, imikhiqizo ekhiqizwa yizimboni, njengama-slags ensimbi noma imfucuza evela kuma-incinerators, iguqulwa ibe izitini zikasimende kanye ne-plasterboard. Le nkampani ihlose ukuthwebula futhi iphinde isebenzise amathani afinyelela ku-1 bhiliyoni we-carbon dioxide ngonyaka ngonyaka ka-2040.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

E-University of Alberta's Faculty of Engineering, abacwaningi bahlola into ebizwa ngokuthi i-Calgary framework-20 (CALF-20), eyakhiwe ithimba elivela eNyuvesi yaseCalgary. Lesi sici siwela ngaphansi kwesigaba sezinhlaka zensimbi-organic, ezaziwa ngemvelo yazo encane. Ikhono layo lokubamba ngempumelelo i-carbon dioxide yenza i-CALF-20 ibe ithuluzi elithembisayo ekuphathweni kwemvelo. Uma ihlanganiswe kukholomu enamathiselwe ku-smokestack, ingaguqula amagesi ayingozi abe amafomu angalimazi kakhulu. I-Svante, inkampani yezobuchwepheshe, okwamanje isebenzisa lesi sici embonini kasimende ukuze ihlole ukusebenza kwayo endaweni yezimboni.

Umzamo wokwenza ukwakhiwa kwe-carbon-friendly kuholele ekwakhiweni kwezinto ezimbalwa eziyingqayizivele. Isibonelo, imishayo ye-Lamboo, eyenziwe ngoqalo, inamandla okubamba ikhabhoni ephezulu. Ngokuphambene, amaphaneli e-medium-density fibreboard (MDF) enziwe ngotshani berayisi aqeda isidingo sokulinywa kwerayisi elisetshenziswa amanzi ngesikhathi lisavalelwe ikhabhoni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amasistimu okushisa okushisa angaphandle akhiwe nge-wood fiber awadingi amandla amancane ukukhiqiza uma kuqhathaniswa nezinketho zegwebu lesifutho elivamile. Ngokufanayo, amaphaneli okhuni alungele imvelo, angamaphesenti angama-22 alula kunebhodi lodonga elijwayelekile, anciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwezokuthutha ngamaphesenti angama-20, enikeza ukukhetha okuzinzile kwezinto zokwakha.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezibamba i-carbon ekwakheni kungaholela ezindaweni zokuhlala ezinempilo kanye nezindleko zamandla ezingase zibe phansi. Izinkampani zingahlomula kulokhu okuqanjwa kabusha ngokuthuthukisa amaphrofayili azo okusimama kanye nokunciphisa imikhondo yazo yekhabhoni, okuya ngokuya kubaluleka ngabathengi nabatshalizimali. Kohulumeni, ukwamukelwa okusabalele kwalezi zinto kuhambisana nezinjongo zemvelo futhi kungaba negalelo elikhulu ekuhlangabezaneni nezinhloso zokunciphisa ikhabhoni emhlabeni wonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithelela yezomnotho ihlanganisa ukudalwa okungaba khona kwezimboni ezintsha namathuba emisebenzi emkhakheni wezinto ezisimeme kanye nobuchwepheshe.

Imithelela ye-CO2 yokuthwebula izinto zezimboni

Ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwe-CO2/ikhabhoni yokuthwebula izinto zezimboni kungabandakanya:

• Ucwaningo olwengeziwe lugxile ezinsimbini ezikhipha ikhabhoni nezinye izakhi, njenge-nickel, i-cobalt, i-lithium, insimbi, usimende, ne-hydrogen.
• Ohulumeni abagqugquzela izinkampani ukuthi zikhiqize izinto ezingasetshenziswa kalula yikhabhoni, okuhlanganisa izibonelelo nezaphulelo zentela.
• Ohulumeni bezifundazwe/bezifundazwe babuyekeza kancane kancane amakhodi okwakha ukuze baphoqelele ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezisetshenziswa yizimboni ezingangeni emvelweni ngesikhathi sokwakha kanye nokwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda. 
• Imboni yokugaywa kabusha kwezinto ezisetshenziswa yizimboni ikhula kakhulu phakathi nawo wonke ama-2020 ukuze yamukele imakethe eyengeziwe kanye nesidingo esisemthethweni sezinto ezisetshenziswe kabusha kumaphrojekthi wokwakha.
• Ukuqaliswa ngezinga elikhulu kobuchwepheshe bokuthwebula be-CO2 ezitshalweni nasezimbonini.
• Ubambiswano olwengeziwe phakathi kwamanyuvesi ocwaningo kanye nezinkampani zobuchwepheshe zokwenza imali ngobuchwepheshe obuluhlaza.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ucabanga ukuthi i-decarbonization ingashintsha kanjani indlela izakhiwo ezakhiwa ngayo esikhathini esizayo?
• Ohulumeni bangakukhuthaza kanjani futhi ukukhiqizwa kwezinto ezisetshenziswa yizimboni ezingakhuthazi i-carbon?