Ukuqhekeka kobuchwepheshe baseChina: Ukuqinisa i-leash embonini yezobuchwepheshe

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• January 10, 2023

Ukuqhekeka kweChina ngo-2022 embonini yayo yezobuchwepheshe kukhiqize amakamu amabili emibono. Ikhempu yokuqala ibheka iBeijing njengecekela phansi umnotho wayo. Owesibili uthi ukuqinisa amafemu amakhulu ezobuchwepheshe kungase kube inqubomgomo yezomnotho kahulumeni ebuhlungu kodwa edingekayo ukuze kuzuze umphakathi. Noma kunjalo, umphumela uhlala ukuthi i-China ithumele umlayezo onamandla ezinkampanini zayo zobuchwepheshe: thobela noma ulahlekelwe.

Ingqikithi yokuqhekeka kobuchwepheshe baseChina

Kusukela ngo-2020 kuze kube ngu-2022, iBeijing yasebenzela ukuqinisa umkhakha wayo wezobuchwepheshe ngokusebenzisa imithetho eqinile. Isikhondlakhondla se-E-commerce i-Alibaba sasiphakathi kwezinkampani zokuqala ezisezingeni eliphezulu ukubhekana nezinhlawulo ezinzima nemikhawulo ekusebenzeni kwazo—umphathi wayo uJack Ma waze waphoqeleka ukuthi ayeke ukulawula i-fintech powerhouse Ant Group eyayisondelene kakhulu ne-Alibaba. Imithetho eqinile iphinde yabekwa phambili eqondise izinkampani zenkundla yezokuxhumana i-Tencent ne-ByteDance. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhulumeni wethule imithetho emisha ephathelene nokungathenjwa kanye nokuvikelwa kwedatha. Ngenxa yalokho, lokhu kuphazamiseka kwabangela izinkampani eziningi ezinkulu zaseShayina ukuthi zithengiswe kakhulu esitokweni sazo njengoba abatshalizimali behoxise cishe ama-USD $1.5 trillion embonini (2022).

Esinye sezigebengu ezisezingeni eliphezulu kwaba yinkonzo yokugibela i-Didi. I-Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) yenqabele u-Didi ekubhaliseni abasebenzisi abasha futhi yamemezela uphenyo lwe-cybersecurity ngokumelene nayo ezinsukwini ngemuva kokuba inkampani ikhiphe okokuqala ku-New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). I-CAC iphinde yayalela izitolo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ukuthi zisuse izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula zenkampani ezingama-25. Imithombo ibike ukuthi isinqumo sale nkampani sokuqhubekela phambili nomnikelo wayo wokuqala wama-USD $4.4 billion wase-US (IPO), naphezu kwemiyalo yeziphathimandla zaseShayina zokuthi kumiswe lolu hlu ngenkathi benza ukubuyekezwa kwe-cybersecurity yezinqubo zedatha, kubangele ukuthi iphume ngaphandle kwabalawuli. 'izinto ezinhle. Ngenxa yesenzo sikaBeijing, amasheya kaDidi ehle cishe ngamaphesenti angama-90 selokhu aphuma emphakathini. Ibhodi lenkampani livotele ukususa ohlwini lwe-NYSE futhi lidluliselwe e-Hong Kong Stock Exchange ukuze kushwelezwe abalawuli baseShayina.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

I-China ayizange igodle abadlali abakhulu ekuhlaseleni kwayo okungapheli. Iziqhwaga ze-Big Tech u-Alibaba, u-Meituan, no-Tencent basolwa ngokukhohlisa abasebenzisi ngama-algorithms kanye nokukhuthaza ukukhangisa okungamanga. Uhulumeni uhlawulise i-Alibaba ne-Meituan USD $2.75 billion kanye ne-USD $527 million, ngokulandelana, ngokusebenzisa kabi ukubusa kwabo ezimakethe. U-Tencent wahlawuliswa futhi wenqatshelwa ukungena kumadili akhethekile we-copyright yomculo. Ngaleso sikhathi, umhlinzeki wezobuchwepheshe we-Ant Group uye wamiswa ekuqhubekiseni phambili ne-IPO ngemithetho ekhishwe yokulawula okuqinile kokubolekwa kwemali ku-inthanethi. I-IPO bekungaba ukudayiswa kwamasheya okwephula irekhodi. Kodwa-ke, abanye ochwepheshe bacabanga ukuthi nakuba leli qhinga libonakala liyinhlekelele, ukuhlaselwa kweBeijing cishe kuzosiza izwe esikhathini eside. Ikakhulukazi, imithetho emisha emelene ne-monopoly izodala imboni yezobuchwepheshe enokuncintisana kakhulu futhi entsha okungekho umdlali oyedwa ongabusa.

Kodwa-ke, ekuqaleni kuka-2022, imikhawulo yayibonakala iyancipha kancane kancane. Abanye abahlaziyi bacabanga ukuthi "isikhathi somusa" sifinyelela ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuphela, futhi abatshalizimali akufanele bacabangele lokhu njengethuba elihle. Inqubomgomo yesikhathi eside yaseBeijing cishe izohlala ifana: ukulawula ngokuqinile ubuchwepheshe obukhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingcebo ayigxili phakathi kwabambalwa abambalwa. Ukunika iqembu labantu amandla amakhulu kungashintsha ezombangazwe nemigomo yezwe. Ngaleso sikhathi, izikhulu zikahulumeni waseShayina zahlangana nezinkampani zezobuchwepheshe ukuze zisekele ezinye zezinhlelo zazo zokuphumela obala. Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe bacabanga ukuthi umkhakha wezobuchwepheshe uhlaselwe unomphela ngenxa yokuhlukunyezwa okunonya futhi kungenzeka uqhubeke ngokuqapha noma cha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe nabo bangase bahlaselwe unomphela futhi bagweme ukutshala imali eChina isikhathi esifushane.

Imithelela yokuwohloka kobuchwepheshe baseChina

Imithelela ebanzi yokuwohloka kobuchwepheshe baseChina ingafaka: 

• Amafemu ezobuchwepheshe aya ngokuya ebaxwaya abalawuli, akhetha ukusebenzelana eduze nohulumeni ngaphambi kokwenza noma imaphi amaphrojekthi amakhulu noma ama-IPO.
• I-China yenza ukwehliswa okufanayo kwezinye izimboni ecabanga ukuthi isiba namandla ngokwedlulele noma ibusa yedwa, yehlisa amanani azo amasheya.
• Umthetho Wokuvikela Ulwazi Lomuntu Siqu ophoqelela izinkampani zakwamanye amazwe ukuthi zilungise kabusha izinqubo zazo zebhizinisi futhi zabelane ngedatha eyengeziwe uma zifuna ukusebenza nezinhlangano zase-China.
• Imithetho eqinile emelene ne-monopoly ephoqa izinkampani zobuchwepheshe ukuthi zithuthukise imikhiqizo yazo namasevisi ngaphakathi esikhundleni sokuthenga iziqalo ezintsha.
• Ezinye izikhondlakhondla zezobuchwepheshe zaseShayina kungenzeka zingalokothi zilibuyise inani lemakethe ezazinalo, okuholela ekuncipheni komnotho kanye nokuntuleka kwemisebenzi.

Imibuzo ongaphawula ngayo

• Ucabanga ukuthi ukuwohloka kwezobuchwepheshe kweChina kuyithinte kanjani imboni yezobuchwepheshe emhlabeni wonke?
• Ingabe ucabanga ukuthi lokhu kuhlasela kuzosiza izwe esikhathini eside?