Ukugcinwa kwedatha ye-DNA: Ikhodi yofuzo yokuthwala ulwazi lwedijithali lomhlaba

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• December 14, 2021

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Ukugcinwa kwedatha ye-DNA, indlela eqhubekayo nehlangene yokugcina idatha enkulu, ingashintsha indlela esiphatha ngayo ulwazi lwedijithali. Njengoba lobu buchwepheshe bufinyeleleka kakhudlwana, bungahlinzeka ngendlela ehlala isikhathi eside nevikelekile yokugcina yonke into, kusukela ezithombeni zomuntu siqu kuya ezinqolobaneni ezibalulekile zezwe. Imithelela ebanzi yalolu shintsho ingasukela ekudaleni amathuba emisebenzi emisha ku-biotechnology kuya ekwehliseni udoti kagesi, silolonge kabusha isimo sethu sedijithali kule nqubo.

Ingqikithi yokugcinwa kwedatha ye-DNA

Ukugcinwa kwedatha ye-DNA kubhekisela ekugcineni idatha yedijithali egcinwe ngaphakathi kwama-molecule aphezulu agcina ulwazi lofuzo. Isitoreji esisekelwe ku-DNA sinezinzuzo eziningi: siyasimama, sihlangene, futhi singagcina kalula inani elikhulu ledatha. Amangqamuzana e-DNA nawo azinze kakhulu futhi angafundwa, ahunyushwe futhi akopishwe kalula. 

Idatha yomhlaba igcinwa ezikhungweni zedatha ezinkulu, ngokuvamile ezinkulu njengezinkundla zebhola, ezisabalele emhlabeni wonke. Njengoba isidingo somhlaba wonke sokugcinwa kwedatha sikhula, izikhungo zedatha ezibanzi namandla amakhulu kubaluleka ukuze kufakwe isitoreji solwazi lwedijithali. Izindleko zekhephithali ekhulayo kanye nezindleko zokuyilungisa ezidingekayo ukuze kudliwe isifiso sokugcina idatha emhlabeni kudale isidingo sezinye izindlela ezisimeme zokugcinwa kwedatha, njengokugcinwa kwe-DNA. 

Ukugcinwa kwe-DNA kudinga ukuhlanganiswa, ukulandelana, kanye nokushumeka amakhodi ukuze ufake ikhodi efinyelela ku-17 exabytes yolwazi ngegremu ngayinye. Ngokwethiyori, lokho kusho ukuthi inkomishi yekhofi egcwele i-DNA ingagcina ulwazi lwedijithali lomhlaba. Ososayensi sebengakwazi kakade ukugcina umculo, amavidiyo, izithombe nombhalo ku-DNA. Nokho, indlela elula yokuhlunga idatha ye-DNA ibalulekile ekwenzeni ukugcinwa kwedatha ye-DNA kube enye indlela yokulondoloza esebenzayo. 

Umthelela ophazamisayo 

Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bokugcinwa kwedatha ye-DNA bufinyeleleka kalula futhi bufinyeleleka, abantu bangase bakwazi ukugcina impilo yabo yonke yedijithali - kusukela ezithombeni namavidiyo kuya kumarekhodi ezokwelapha kanye nemibhalo yomuntu siqu - echashaza nje le-DNA. Lesi senzo singanikeza isixazululo ekukhathazekeni okukhulayo kokulahleka kwedatha yedijithali ngenxa yokwehluleka kwezingxenyekazi zekhompyutha noma ukuphelelwa yisikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inganikeza indlela esimeme kakhudlwana neyonga indawo yokugcina umlando womuntu wezizukulwane ezizayo, njengoba i-DNA ingahlala izinkulungwane zeminyaka uma igcinwe kahle.

Emabhizinisini, ukugcinwa kwedatha ye-DNA kunganikeza umkhawulo wokuncintisana ngenkathi yedatha enkulu. Izinkampani zikhiqiza inani elikhulu ledatha nsuku zonke, kusukela ekusebenzelaneni kwamakhasimende kuya ezinqubweni zangaphakathi, kanye nekhono lokugcina le datha ngokuhlangene nangokuhlala isikhathi eside kungase kushintshe umdlalo. Isibonelo, ama-tech giants afana ne-Google noma i-Amazon angagcina ama-exabyte edatha endaweni engenkulu kunegumbi elijwayelekile lehhovisi, ehlisa kakhulu izinyawo zabo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhathi eside sokugcinwa kwe-DNA kungaqinisekisa ukulondolozwa kokwaziswa okubalulekile kwenkampani.

Ukugcinwa kwedatha ye-DNA nakho kungadlala indima ebalulekile ekulondolozeni izinqolobane zezwe nolwazi olubalulekile. Ohulumeni banenani elikhulu ledatha yomlando, yezomthetho, neyokubalwa kwabantu edinga isitoreji sesikhathi eside. Ukugcinwa kwedatha ye-DNA kunganikeza isisombululo esingagcini nje ngokuhlangene futhi esiqinile kodwa futhi esimelana nezinsongo ze-cyber, njengoba idatha ye-DNA ingenakugetshengwa ngendlela evamile.

Imithelela yokugcinwa kwedatha ye-DNA

Imithelela ebanzi yokugcinwa kwedatha ye-DNA ingase ihlanganise: 

• Ukusiza izikhungo zedatha ye-exabyte yesikhathi esizayo ukuthi zithinte amandla azo kanye nezindleko zomhlaba ngokuguqula ulwazi lube yifomethi ye-DNA. 
• Ukudala izinhlobo ezintsha zemisebenzi kososayensi bezinkampani ze-Information Technology (IT) ukuze basize ngokuphatha i-IT esekelwe ku-DNA nezisombululo zokugcina. 
• Ngokungaqondile ukuthuthukisa ukuqonda okukhulu kwama-molecule e-DNA, nokusiza ososayensi belaphe ukuphazamiseka kofuzo emikhakheni yezokwelapha (okwezicelo ezinjengokwelapha i-cystic fibrosis). 
• Igagasi elisha lokungalingani kwedijithali, njengoba labo abangakwazi ukusebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe bangaba nokulondolozwa nokuphepha kwedatha okuphakeme, okungase kwandise ukuhlukana kwedijithali.
• Ukwenyuswa kokutshalwa kwezimali ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe be-DNA, ukukhiqiza amathuba emisebenzi emisha ku-biotechnology.
• Umthetho omusha wokulawula ukusetshenziswa nokufinyelela kwedatha egcinwe yi-DNA, okuholela ekuchazweni kabusha kobumfihlo bedatha nezinkambiso zokuphepha.
• Ukwehliswa okukhulu kwemfucuza ye-elekthronikhi njengoba isidingo semishini yokugcina izinto sincipha, okufaka isandla esimweni sobuchwepheshe esimeme kakhudlwana.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ucabanga ukuthi ukugcinwa kwedatha ye-DNA kuyoke kushibhe ngokwanele ukuba umthengi ovamile akwazi ukuthenga? 
• Ingabe zikhona izinkinga zokuziphatha ososayensi okudingeka bakhathazeke ngazo lapho bephishekela ukulawula amangqamuzana ezakhi zofuzo?