Ukuhlolwa kwemithi yasekhaya: Ukuhlolwa kokuzenzela sekuyaba yimfashini futhi

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• February 9, 2023

Izinsiza zokuhlola ekhaya zithole inzalo evuselelwe kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kusukela kwaqala ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19, lapho izinsiza eziningi zokunakekelwa kwezempilo bezinikelwe ekuhloleni nasekulawuleni leli gciwane. Kodwa-ke, izinkampani eziningi zisebenzisa ubumfihlo kanye nokunethezeka okunikezwa ukuhlolwa kwe-med ekhaya futhi zifuna izindlela ezingcono zokuthuthukisa ukuxilonga okunembe kakhudlwana nokulula ukuzenzela wena ngokwakho.

Umongo wokuhlolwa kwemithi yasekhaya

Ukuhlolwa kokusetshenziswa kwasekhaya, noma ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha ekhaya, amakhithi athengwe ku-inthanethi noma emakhemisi nasezitolo ezinkulu, okuvumela ukuhlolwa kwangasese kwezifo nezimo ezithile. Amakhithi okuhlola ajwayelekile ahlanganisa ushukela wegazi (ushukela), ukukhulelwa, kanye nezifo ezithathelwanayo (isb., ukusha kwesibindi kanye negciwane lesandulela ngculazi (i-HIV)). Ukuthatha amasampula oketshezi lomzimba, njengegazi, umchamo, noma amathe, bese uwagcoba kukhithi kuyindlela evamile yokuhlolwa kwemithi yasekhaya. Amakhithi amaningi ayatholakala ezitolo, kodwa kusanconywa ukuthi ubonane nodokotela ukuze uthole iziphakamiso zokuthi yiziphi ongazisebenzisa. 

Ngo-2021, umnyango wezempilo kazwelonke waseCanada, i-Health Canada, wagunyaza ikhithi yokuqala yokuhlola i-COVID-19 ekhaya evela enkampanini yezobuchwepheshe bezokwelapha iLucira Health. Ukuhlolwa kuletha ukunemba kwe-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) -ikhwalithi yamangqamuzana. Ikhithi ibiza cishe u-USD $60 futhi ingathatha amaminithi angu-11 ukucubungula imiphumela emihle nemizuzu engama-30 ukuthola imiphumela engemihle. Uma kuqhathaniswa, ukuhlolwa kwelebhu okwenziwa ezikhungweni ezimaphakathi kuthathe izinsuku ezimbili kuya kweziyi-14 ukunikeza imiphumela enembayo efanayo. Imiphumela ka-Lucira yaqhathaniswa ne-Hologic Panther Fusion, okukodwa kokuhlolwa kwamangqamuzana okuzwela kakhulu ngenxa yomkhawulo wayo ophansi Wokuthola (LOD). Kwatholakala ukuthi ukunemba kukaLucira kwakungamaphesenti angama-98, ukuthola kahle amasampula angama-385 kwangu-394 avumayo noma anegethivu.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Ukuhlolwa kwemithi yasekhaya kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthola noma ukuhlolela izifo ezifana ne-cholesterol ephezulu noma izifo ezivamile. Izinsiza zokuhlola zingaphinda ziqaphe izifo ezingelapheki njengomfutho wegazi ophakeme nesifo sikashukela, ezingasiza abantu ngabanye ukuba bathuthukise indlela yabo yokuphila ukuze balawule lezi zifo. I-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) igcizelela ukuthi lezi zinsiza zasekhaya azihloselwe ukuthatha indawo yodokotela nokuthi yilezo ezikhishwe yile nhlangano kuphela okufanele zithengwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba nokuphepha kwazo. 

Ngaleso sikhathi, ngesikhathi sokwanda kwalolu bhubhane, izinkampani eziningi zagxila ekucwaningeni ukuhlolwa kokuxilongwa ekhaya ukusiza abahlinzeki bezempilo abakhungathekile. Isibonelo, inkampani yezempilo ephathwayo i-Sprinter Health yasungula uhlelo “lokulethwa” ku-inthanethi lokuthumela abahlengikazi emakhaya ukuze bahlolwe futhi bahlolwe. Ezinye izinkampani zibambisene nabahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa kwempilo ukuze bavumele ukuhlolwa kwasekhaya ukuze kuqoqwe igazi. Isibonelo inkampani yobuchwepheshe bezokwelapha i-BD ibambisene ne-Babson Diagnostics eqalayo yokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuze inike amandla ukuqoqwa kwegazi okulula ekhaya. 

Lezi zinkampani bezilokhu zisebenza kusukela ngo-2019 emshinini ongaqoqa amavolumu amancane egazi kuma-capillaries weminwe. Idivayisi kulula ukuyisebenzisa, ayidingi ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile, futhi igxile ekusekeleni ukunakekelwa okuyisisekelo ezindaweni zokudayisa. Kodwa-ke, izinkampani manje sezicabanga ukuletha lobo buchwepheshe bokuqoqwa kwegazi ekuhlolweni kokuxilonga ekhaya kodwa ngezinqubo ezingangeneleli kangako. Kungekudala ngemuva kokuqala ukuhlolwa komtholampilo kwemishini yakhe, u-Babson unyuse u-USD $31 wezigidi kuxhaso lwemali yebhizinisi ngoJuni 2021. Abaqalayo bazoqhubeka nokuhlola amanye amathuba ekhithi yokuhlola yokuzenzela njengoba abantu abaningi bekhetha ukwenza ukuxilonga okuningi ekhaya. Kuzophinde kube nobudlelwane obuningi phakathi kwamafemu ezobuchwepheshe nezibhedlela ukuze kunikwe amandla ukuhlola nokwelashwa okukude.

Imithelela yokuhlolwa kwemithi yasekhaya

Imithelela ebanzi yokuhlolwa kwemithi yasekhaya ingase ihlanganise: 

• Ukusebenzisana okwengeziwe phakathi kwezinkampani zobuchwepheshe bezokwelapha ukuthuthukisa amakhithi okuhlola ukuxilonga, ikakhulukazi ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kanye nezifo zofuzo.
• Ukunyuswa kwezimali emitholampilo ephathwayo kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuxilonga, okuhlanganisa ukusebenzisa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI) ukuhlaziya amasampula.
• Ukuncintisana okwengeziwe emakethe yokuhlola okusheshayo ye-COVID-19, njengoba abantu bebesazodinga ukukhombisa imiphumela yokuhlola yokuhamba nomsebenzi. Ukuncintisana okufanayo kungase kuvele kumakhithi angahlola izifo zesikhathi esizayo eziphezulu.
• Iminyango yezempilo kazwelonke ibambisene nabasunguli ukuze bakhe amathuluzi angcono okuxilonga ukuze kwehliswe umthwalo wezibhedlela nemitholampilo.
• Amanye amakhithi okuhlola angafakazelwanga ngokwesayensi futhi angase alandele ithrendi ngaphandle kwanoma yiziphi izitifiketi ezisemthethweni.

Imibuzo ongaphawula ngayo

• Uma usebenzise ukuhlolwa kwemithi yasekhaya, yini oyithanda kakhulu ngakho?
• Imaphi amanye amakhithi okuhlola asekhaya angathuthukisa ukuxilonga nokwelashwa?