Ukwaziswa okungelona iqiniso kwezokwelapha: Siyivimbela kanjani i-infodemic?

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• November 10, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Ukwanda kwakamuva kolwazi olunganembile lwezempilo, ikakhulukazi phakathi nobhadane lwe-COVID-19, kuye kwalungisa kabusha amandla ezempilo yomphakathi kanye nokwethemba iziphathimandla zezokwelapha. Lokhu kuthambekela kwashukumisela ohulumeni nezinhlangano zezempilo ukuba bahlele amasu ngokumelene nokusakazwa kolwazi lwezempilo olungamanga, egcizelela imfundo nokuxhumana obala. Isimo esithuthukayo sokusatshalaliswa kolwazi lwedijithali kubangela izinselele ezintsha namathuba enqubomgomo yezempilo yomphakathi nokwenza, kugcizelela isidingo sezimpendulo eziqaphile nezivumelana nezimo.

Umongo wokungalungi/ulwazi olungalungile

Inhlekelele ye-COVID-19 iholele ekusakazweni kwe-infographics, okuthunyelwe kumabhulogi, amavidiyo, nokuphawula ngezinkundla zokuxhumana. Nokho, ingxenye enkulu yalolu lwazi yayinembe ngokwengxenye noma ingamanga ngokuphelele. I-World Health Organization (WHO) ikhombe lesi sigameko njenge-infodemic, yasichaza njengokusatshalaliswa okusabalele kolwazi oludukisayo noma olungalungile ngesikhathi senhlekelele yezempilo. Ulwazi olungelona iqiniso lwaba nomthelela ezinqumweni zezempilo zabantu ngabanye, lubaholele ekwelashweni okungaqinisekisiwe noma emithini yokugoma esekelwe ngokwesayensi.

Ngo-2021, ukusatshalaliswa kolwazi olungelona iqiniso lwezokwelapha phakathi nobhubhane kwakhuphukela emazingeni ashaqisayo. Ihhovisi likadokotela ohlinzayo wase-US likubonile lokhu njengenselele enkulu yezempilo yomphakathi. Abantu, ngokuvamile ngokungazi, badlulisela lolu lwazi kumanethiwekhi abo, okube nesandla ekusabalaleni okusheshayo kwalezi zimangalo ezingaqinisekisiwe. Ukwengeza, iziteshi eziningi ze-YouTube ziqale ukuphromotha "izindlela zokwelapha" ezingenabufakazi nezingase zibe yingozi, zintula ukusekelwa okuqinile kwezokwelashwa.

Umthelela walokhu kwaziswa okungelona iqiniso awuphazamisanga nje kuphela imizamo yokulawula lo bhubhane kodwa futhi uqede ukwethenjwa komphakathi ezikhungweni zezempilo nakochwepheshe. Ngenxa yalokho, izinhlangano eziningi nohulumeni baqala izinhlelo zokulwa nalo mkhuba. Bagxile ekufundiseni umphakathi mayelana nokuhlonza imithombo ethembekile nokuqonda ukubaluleka kwemithi esekelwe ebufakazini. 

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Ngo-2020, ukwanda kolwazi olungelona iqiniso ngezempilo yomphakathi kwaholela engxoxweni ebalulekile ngenkululeko yokukhuluma. Abanye abantu baseMelika baphikisa ngokuthi kuyadingeka ukuchaza ngokucacile ukuthi ubani onquma ukuthi ulwazi lwezokwelapha luyadukisa yini ukuze kuvinjelwe ukucwaninga nokucindezelwa kwemibono. Abanye baphikisa ngokuthi kubalulekile ukukhokhisa imithombo kanye nabantu abasabalalisa amanga ngokunganikezi ngokuqukethwe okusekelwa isayensi ezindabeni zokuphila nokufa.

Ngo-2022, ucwaningo locwaningo lwathola ukuthi i-algorithm ye-Facebook ngezikhathi ezithile incoma okuqukethwe okungenzeka kube nomthelela ekubukeni kwabasebenzisi ngokumelene nokugoma. Lokhu kuziphatha kwe-algorithmic kuphakamise ukukhathazeka mayelana nendima yenkundla yezokuxhumana ekubumbeni imibono yezempilo yomphakathi. Ngakho-ke, abanye abacwaningi baphakamisa ukuthi ukuqondisa abantu emithonjeni ethembekile engaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi, njengabasebenzi bezokunakekelwa kwempilo noma izikhungo zezempilo zendawo, kungamelana ngempumelelo nalokhu kusatshalaliswa kolwazi olunganembile.

Ngo-2021, iSocial Science Research Council, inhlangano engenzi nzuzo, yasungula i-The Mercury Project. Le phrojekthi igxile ekuhloleni imithelela ebanzi ye-infodemic emikhakheni eyahlukene, njengezempilo, ukuzinza kwezomnotho, kanye namandla omphakathi esimweni salolu bhubhane. Njengoba ihlelelwe ukuqedwa ngo-2024, i-Mercury Project ihlose ukuhlinzeka ngemininingwane ebalulekile kanye nedatha kohulumeni emhlabeni wonke, esiza ekwenziweni kwezinqubomgomo ezisebenzayo zokulwa ne-infodemics yesikhathi esizayo.

Imithelela ye-disc/information yezokwelashwa

Imithelela ebanzi yolwazi olungaqondile lwezempilo ingabandakanya:

• Ohulumeni abakhokhisa izinhlawulo ezinkundleni zokuxhumana kanye nezinhlangano ezisabalalisa amanga ngamabomu.
• Imiphakathi esengcupheni eyengeziwe eqondiswe yizifundazwe ezikhohlakele kanye namaqembu ezishoshovu ezinokwaziswa okungalungile kwezokwelapha.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zezobunhloli zokwenziwa ukuze kusabalale (kanye nokuphikisana) nokungalungi/ulwazi olungalungile ezinkundleni zokuxhumana.
• I-Infodemics iya ivame kakhulu njengoba abantu abaningi basebenzisa inkundla yezokuxhumana njengomthombo wabo oyinhloko wezindaba nolwazi.
• Izinhlangano zezempilo ezisebenzisa imikhankaso yolwazi ehlosiwe ukuze zigxile emaqenjini asengozini enkulu yokungabi nalwazi, njengabantu abadala kanye nezingane.
• Abahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo balungisa amasu abo okuxhumana ukuze afake imfundo yolwazi lokufunda ngedijithali, behlisa ukuthambekela kweziguli ekutholeni ulwazi lwezokwelapha.
• Izinkampani zomshwalense ezishintsha izinqubomgomo zokukhava ukuze zibhekane nemiphumela yezinqumo zezempilo eziqhutshwa ulwazi olungalungile, ezithinta kokubili amaphrimiyamu kanye nemibandela yokufakwa.
• Izinkampani ezenza imithi zikhulisa ukubeka izinto obala ekuthuthukisweni kwezidakamizwa nasezivivinyweni zomtholampilo, ezihlose ukwakha ukwethembana komphakathi nokulwa nolwazi olunganembile.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Uluthathephi ulwazi lwakho ngesikhathi sobhubhane?
• Uqinisekisa kanjani ukuthi ulwazi lwezokwelapha olutholayo luyiqiniso?
• Ohulumeni nezikhungo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo bangakuvimbela kanjani okunye ukungalungi/ulwazi olungelona iqiniso?