Ukulawulwa kwesiguli kwedatha yezokwelapha: Ukuthuthukisa ukwenziwa kwentando yeningi kwezokwelapha

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• April 28, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Iziguli ezilawula idatha yazo yezempilo zikulungele ukulolonga kabusha ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, ukunika amandla ukunakekelwa komuntu siqu kanye nokunciphisa ukungafani kokufinyelela nekhwalithi. Lolu shintsho lungaholela ohlelweni lokunakekelwa kwezempilo olusebenza kahle kakhulu, lapho odokotela befinyelela umlando ophelele weziguli, bakhuthaze intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, nokudala amathuba amasha kwabathweswe iziqu ze-IT. Kodwa-ke, iphinde iphakamise izinselele, njengokuphulwa kobumfihlo okungenzeka, izingqinamba zokuziphatha, kanye nesidingo sokutshalwa kwezimali okubalulekile kwingqalasizinda yedijithali kanye nemfundo.

Ingqikithi yokulawula idatha yesiguli

Idatha yesiguli ngokuvamile idinga ukukhulunyiswa futhi kwabelwane ngayo phakathi kochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwempilo, abahlinzeki bomshuwalense, nabanye ababambiqhaza ababalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yokwelashwa kwesiguli. Kodwa-ke, kumanethiwekhi amaningi ezempilo emhlabeni wonke, kukhona ukuntuleka kokuxhumana phakathi kwala maqembu, okushiya idatha yesiguli ifihliwe ezinhlelweni ezihlukene zedijithali nezokugcina idatha. Ukunikeza iziguli ukulawula ulwazi lwazo kuhilela ukuvimbela ukuvinjwa kwedatha, ukuvumela abathengi ukufinyelela okuphelele kudatha yabo yezempilo, kanye nokubenza abanikazi bokugcina bedatha yabo kanye namalungelo okulawula ukufinyelela atholakala kulelo gunya. 

Imboni yezokunakekelwa kwempilo iye yaba ngaphansi kokuhlolwa okwengeziwe kusukela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yo-2010 ngokuhlinzeka ngokufinyelela okungalingani kanye nezinsizakalo ezisekelwe kubuhlanga, ubuzwe, kanye nesimo senhlalo-mnotho. Isibonelo, ngoJuni 2021, iCentre for Disease Control and Prevention yakhipha imininingwane ekhombisa ukuthi iziguli zase-Afrika zaseMelika kanye nezaseSpanishi e-United States cishe zaziphindwe kathathu ukuthi zilaliswe esibhedlela ngenxa ye-COVID-19 kuneziguli zase-Caucasus. 

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abahlinzeki bomshwalense nezinkampani zokunakekelwa kwezempilo bavame ukuvinjelwa ekwabelaneni ngemininingwane yesiguli ngokushesha nangempumelelo, kubambezeleka ukwelashwa kwesiguli okufika ngesikhathi phakathi kwabahlinzeki besevisi abasebenza kumanethiwekhi ahlukene. Ukulibaziseka kokudluliswa kolwazi kungaholela ezinkingeni ezimbalwa, njengokuxilonga ukubambezeleka kanye nokwelashwa, ukuphindwaphindwa komsebenzi waselebhu, nezinye izinqubo ezijwayelekile eziholela ezigulini zikhokhe izikweletu eziphezulu zasesibhedlela. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukisa iziteshi zokuxhumana ngokubambisana kanye ne-symbiotic phakathi kwababambe iqhaza ababalulekile ngaphakathi kwemboni yezokunakekelwa kwezempilo kubalulekile ukuze iziguli zithole ukwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi futhi okufanele. Ochwepheshe baqhubeka bakholelwa ukuthi ukuvumela iziguli zibe nokufinyelela okugcwele kanye nokulawula idatha yazo yokunakekelwa kwezempilo kuzothuthukisa kakhulu ukulingana ekunakekelweni kwezempilo. 

Umthelela ophazamisayo

NgoMashi 2019, iHhovisi Lomxhumanisi Kazwelonke Wezempilo IT (ONC) kanye neCenters for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) bakhiphe imithetho emibili evumela abathengi ukuthi balawule idatha yabo yezempilo. Umthetho we-ONC uzogunyaza ukuthi iziguli zinikezwe ukufinyelela okulula kumarekhodi azo e-Electronic Health Record (EHRs). Umthetho we-CMS uhlose ukunikeza iziguli ukufinyelela kumarekhodi omshwalense wezempilo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abashwalensi bahlinzeka ngedatha yabathengi ngefomu le-elekthronikhi. 

Iziguli ezilawula ngokuphelele idatha yazo yezempilo kanye nabahlinzeki bezempilo abahlukene kanye nezikhungo ezikwazi ukwabelana kalula ngama-EHR kungakhuphula ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Odokotela bazokwazi ukuthola umlando ophelele wesiguli, ngaleyo ndlela behlise isidingo sokuhlolwa kokuxilonga uma sekwenziwe kakade futhi kwandise isivinini sokuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa. Ngenxa yalokho, amazinga okufa angase ehle uma kunezifo ezinzima. 

Abahlinzeki bomshwalense nezibhedlela bangase babambisane nezinkampani zobuchwepheshe kanye nezinhlelo zesofthiwe ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza nezinkundla ezivumela ababambiqhaza abahlukene ngaphakathi kwemboni yezokunakekelwa kwempilo ukuthi bafinyelele idatha yesiguli njengoba idingeka kumafoni abo noma kumadivayisi eselula. Laba babambiqhaza—okuhlanganisa iziguli, odokotela, abahlinzeki bomshwalense, nezinkampani zokunakekelwa kwezempilo—bangaziswa kangcono mayelana nesimo samanje sesiguli, ngokwakhiwa kwemithetho emisha esiza ukucacisa nokuveza amalungelo esiguli lapho sabelane ngedatha yaso yomuntu siqu yezokwelapha. 

Ukusebenza kodokotela nochwepheshe bezempilo nakho kungase kuthuthuke, njengoba imilando yabo yokwelashwa izoba yingxenye yanoma iyiphi isizindalwazi sedatha yezempilo, okuholela ekusetshenzisweni okungcono nasekuhlolweni ngaphakathi kwemboni yezokunakekelwa kwempilo. 

Imithelela yokulawula kweziguli kudatha yezempilo 

Imithelela ebanzi yeziguli ezilawula idatha yazo yokunakekelwa kwezempilo ingase ihlanganise:

• Ukulingana kokunakekelwa kwezempilo okuthuthukisiwe kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo njengoba ukusebenza kodokotela kanye nemiphumela yokwelashwa kuzolandelelwa kangcono kunangaphambili, okuholela ekunakekelweni komuntu siqu kanye nokunciphisa ukungafani ekufinyeleleni kokunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nekhwalithi.
• Ohulumeni bathola ukufinyelela okulula kudatha yezempilo esezingeni eliphezulu engabasiza ukuhlela ukutshalwa kwezimali kokunakekelwa kwezempilo kwasekhaya kuya kuzwelonke kanye nokungenelela, okuholela ekwabiweni kwezinsiza ngokuphumelelayo kanye nemikhankaso yezempilo yomphakathi ehlosiwe.
• Imakethe yemisebenzi ebanzi yabathweswe iziqu ze-IT ngaphakathi kokuthuthukiswa kwezicelo, njengoba ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene buqhudelana ukuthuthukisa izicelo zedatha yesiguli ehamba phambili emakethe ezosetshenziswa embonini yezokunakekelwa kwempilo, okuholela emathubeni engeziwe okuqashwa kanye nokugqugquzela intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ekunakekelweni kwezempilo.
• Ukwanda kwezigameko zokuhlaselwa kwama-cyberattack embonini yezokunakekelwa kwempilo ngenxa yedatha yesiguli ehamba phakathi kwezinhlelo zedijithali nokufinyeleleka ku-inthanethi, okuholela ekwephuleni okungaba khona kobumfihlo kanye nesidingo sezinyathelo zokuphepha ezithuthukisiwe.
• Amandla okusetshenziswa kabi kwedatha yezempilo yomuntu siqu izinkampani noma izinkampani zangaphandle, okuholela ekukhathazekeni kwezimiso zokuziphatha kanye nesidingo semithetho eqinile yokuvikela ubumfihlo bomuntu ngamunye.
• Ukushintsha ibhalansi yamandla phakathi kwabahlinzeki bezempilo neziguli, okuholela ezingxabanweni ezingaba khona nezinselele zomthetho njengoba iziguli zigomela ukulawula idatha yazo, okungase kuthinte ubudlelwano bodokotela nesiguli.
• Amathuba okungalingani kwezomnotho ekufinyeleleni ekunakekelweni kwezempilo komuntu siqu, njengoba labo abanezindlela zokusebenzisa idatha yabo bangase bathole ukwelashwa okukhethekile, okuholela ekwandiseni izikhala kukhwalithi yokunakekelwa kwezempilo.
• Ushintsho kumamodeli ebhizinisi lezempilo njengoba idatha elawulwa yisiguli iba yimpahla ebalulekile, okuholela emithonjeni emisha yemali engenayo ezinkampanini ezingasebenzisa lolu lwazi futhi ezingase ziguqule isimo sokuncintisana.
• Isidingo sokutshalwa kwezimali okubalulekile kungqalasizinda yedijithali kanye nemfundo ukuze kuvunyelwe ukulawulwa kwesiguli okusabalele kudatha yezempilo, okuholela emithwalweni engaba khona yezezimali ezinhlelweni zokunakekelwa kwempilo kanye nohulumeni.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ucabanga ukuthi abahlinzeki bomshwalense noma ochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwempilo bazomelana nokuqaliswa kwedatha elawulwa yisiguli kanye nama-EHR? Kungani noma kungani kungenjalo? 
• Yiziphi iziqalo zamanoveli noma izimboni ezincane ezingavela ekwandeni kwedatha yesiguli eqhutshwa yilo mkhuba?