Ukubambezeleka okuthembekile nokuphansi: Isicelo sokuxhumeka okusheshayo

ISIKWELETU SESITHOMBE:
Isikweletu sezithombe
iStock

Ukubambezeleka okuthembekile nokuphansi: Isicelo sokuxhumeka okusheshayo

Ukubambezeleka okuthembekile nokuphansi: Isicelo sokuxhumeka okusheshayo

Umbhalo wesihlokwana
Izinkampani ziphenya izixazululo zokunciphisa ukubambezeleka futhi zivumele amadivayisi ukuthi axhumane ngokulibaziseka okuyiziro.
    • About the Author:
    • Igama lomlobi
      I-Quantumrun Foresight
    • December 2, 2022

    Isifinyezo sokuqonda

    Ukubambezeleka isikhathi esisithathayo ukuze idatha idluliselwe kusuka endaweni eyodwa kuya kwenye, kusukela kumamilliseconds angaba ngu-15 kuye kwangama-44 millisecond kuye ngenethiwekhi. Kodwa-ke, amaphrothokholi ahlukene angehlisa ngokuphawulekayo leso sivinini sibe yi-millisecond eyodwa. Imithelela yesikhathi eside yokubambezeleka enciphile ingase ihlanganise ukwamukelwa okwengeziwe kwezicelo ze-augmented and virtual (AR/VR) kanye nezimoto ezizimele.

    Umongo othembekile nophansi wokubambezeleka

    Ukubambezeleka kuyinkinga yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinokuxhumana kwesikhathi sangempela, njengokudlala amageyimu, into engekho ngokoqobo (VR), kanye nenkomfa ngevidiyo. Inombolo yamadivayisi anenethiwekhi kanye nevolumu yokudluliswa kwedatha kungaholela ekwenyukeni kwezikhathi zokubambezeleka. Ukwengeza, imicimbi eminingi nabantu abathembele ekuxhumekeni okuseduze babe negalelo ezindabeni zokubambezeleka. Ukunciphisa isikhathi sokudluliswa kwedatha ngeke kumane kwenze ukuphila kwansuku zonke kube lula; izophinde ivumele ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono abalulekile wezobuchwepheshe, njenge-edge kanye ne-cloud-based computing. Isidingo sokuqhubeka nokuthola ukubambezeleka okuphansi nokuthembekile kuholele ocwaningweni olukhulu nasekuthuthukisweni kwengqalasizinda yenethiwekhi.

    Olunye lolu hlelo wukusabalalisa kabanzi kwamanethiwekhi eselula esizukulwane sesihlanu (5G). Inhloso eyinhloko yamanethiwekhi e-5G ukukhulisa umthamo, ukuminyana koxhumano, nokutholakala kwenethiwekhi kuyilapho kuthuthukisa ukwethembeka nokwehlisa ukubambezeleka. Ukuze ulawule izicelo eziningi zokusebenza namasevisi, i-5G ibheka izigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko zesevisi: 

    • i-broadband yeselula ethuthukisiwe (eMBB) yamazinga aphezulu edatha, 
    • Ukuxhumana komshini omkhulu (mMTC) ukuvumela ukufinyelela kusuka enanini elandisiwe lamadivayisi, kanye 
    • I-ultra-reliable and low latency communication (URLLC) yokuxhumana okubalulekile komgomo. 

    Okunzima kakhulu kwezinkonzo ezintathu ukuzisebenzisa yi-URLLC; kodwa-ke, lesi sici sibaluleke kakhulu ekusekeleni okuzenzakalelayo kwezimboni, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okukude, namadolobha namakhaya ahlakaniphile.

    Umthelela ophazamisayo

    Imidlalo yabadlali abaningi, izimoto ezizimele, namarobhothi asefekthri adinga ukubambezeleka okuphansi kakhulu ukuze asebenze ngokuphepha nangokufanele. I-5G ne-Wi-Fi zenze ama-millisecond ayishumi ngandlela-thile ‘ayizinga’ lokubambezeleka. Kodwa-ke, kusukela ngo-2020, abacwaningi baseNew York University (NYU) bebephenya ngokunciphisa ukubambezeleka kube yi-millisecond eyodwa noma ngaphansi. Ukufeza lokhu, yonke inqubo yezokuxhumana, kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekugcineni, kufanele iklanywe kabusha. Ngaphambilini, onjiniyela bebengakwazi ukunaka imithombo yokubambezeleka okuncane ngoba abazange bathinte kakhulu ukubambezeleka sekukonke. Kodwa-ke, ukuya phambili, abacwaningi kumele bakhe izindlela ezihlukile zokufaka ikhodi, ukudlulisa, kanye nomzila wedatha ukuze kuqedwe ukubambezeleka okuncane.

    Inqubo entsha nezinqubo ziyasungulwa kancane kancane ukuze kuvunyelwe ukubambezeleka okuphansi. Isibonelo, ngo-2021, uMnyango Wezokuvikela wase-US wasebenzisa amazinga e-Open Radio Access Network ukwakha inethiwekhi yesibonelo ene-sub-15 millisecond latency. Futhi, ngo-2021, i-CableLabs yakha izinga le-DOCSIS 3.1 (imininingwane yokusebenzelana kwedatha engaphezu kwekhebula) futhi yamemezela ukuthi isiqinisekise imodemu yekhebula yokuqala ethobela i-DOCSIS 3.1. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kube yisinyathelo esibalulekile ekuletheni ukuxhumana okune-latency ephansi emakethe. 

    Ukwengeza, izikhungo zedatha zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuningi bokubona kanye nobuchwepheshe befu obuxubile ukuze zisekele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlanganisa ukusakazwa kwevidiyo, ukwenza isipele nokuthola kabusha, ingqalasizinda yedeskithophu ebonakalayo (VDI), kanye ne-inthanethi Yezinto (IoT). Njengoba izinkampani zishintshela kubuhlakani bokwenziwa nokufunda komshini (AI/ML) ukuze ziqondise amasistimu azo, ukubambezeleka okuthembekile nokuphansi kungase kuhlale kuphambili ekutshalweni kwezimali kwezobuchwepheshe.

    Imithelela yokubambezeleka okuthembekile nokuphansi

    Imithelela ebanzi yokubambezeleka okuthembekile nokuphansi ingase ihlanganise: 

    • Ukuhlolwa kokunakekelwa kwezempilo okukude, izinqubo, nokuhlinzwa kusetshenziswa amarobhothi asizayo kanye neqiniso elingeziwe.
    • Izimoto ezizimele ezixhumana nezinye izimoto mayelana nezithiyo ezizayo kanye nesiminyaminya sezimoto ngesikhathi sangempela, ngakho-ke kunciphisa ukushayisana. 
    • Ukuhumusha ngokushesha phakathi nezingcingo zenkomfa yevidiyo, okwenza kubukeke sengathi wonke umuntu ukhuluma ngezilimi zozakwabo.
    • Ukubamba iqhaza okungenazihibe ezimakethe zezimali zomhlaba wonke, okuhlanganisa ukuhweba okusheshayo nokutshalwa kwezimali, ikakhulukazi ku-cryptocurrency.
    • Imiphakathi ye-metaverse ne-VR enemisebenzi esheshayo nemisebenzi, efaka izinkokhelo, izindawo zokusebenza ezibonakalayo, nemidlalo yokwakha umhlaba.
    • Izikhungo zemfundo zisebenzisa amakilasi abonakalayo agxilile, asiza ukuzizwisa okufundayo okunamandla nokusebenzisanayo kuzo zonke izindawo.
    • Ukunwetshwa kwengqalasizinda yedolobha elihlakaniphile, ukunika amandla ukuphathwa kwamandla ngendlela efanele kanye nokuphepha komphakathi okuthuthukisiwe ngokuhlaziywa kwedatha ngesikhathi sangempela.

    Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

    • Ukubambezeleka okuphansi kwe-inthanethi kuzokusiza kanjani emisebenzini yakho yansuku zonke?
    • Yibuphi obunye ubuchwepheshe obunamandla obuzovumela ukubambezeleka okuphansi?

    Izinkomba zokuqonda

    Izixhumanisi ezilandelayo ezidumile nezikhungo zibhekiselwe kulo mbono: