Ukuxhumana komshini wobuchopho emsebenzini: Ukuhlola ukusebenza kwabasebenzi kunanini ngaphambili

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• Mashi 16, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

I-Brain-machine interface (BMI) iguqula ngokushesha indlela abantu abasebenzisana ngayo nobuchwepheshe, ivumela ukulawula amadivayisi ngomcabango wodwa. Kusukela ekusizeni abanqanyuliwe kanye nalabo abakhubazekile kuye ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle emsebenzini ngisho nasekuvumeleni ukuxhumana buthule enkundleni yempi, izicelo ze-BMI zihlukahlukene futhi zifinyelela kude. Eceleni kwalezi ntuthuko ezithembisayo, ubuchwepheshe buphinde buphakamise ukucatshangelwa kwezimiso zokuziphatha okuyinkimbinkimbi, okuhlanganisa ukukhathazeka kobumfihlo kanye nokusetshenziswa kabi okungase kube khona imibuso enegunya.

Umongo wokusebenzelana komshini wobuchopho

Ucwaningo luthuthukisa ngokushesha izindlela lapho ukuxhumana komshini wobuchopho (i-BMI, ngezinye izikhathi okubizwa ngokuthi i-Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI)) kungaba usizo emsebenzini. Kusetshenziswa umshini ongarekhoda futhi udlulise ukusebenza kukagesi kobuchopho, ukuxhumana komshini wobuchopho kungavumela abantu ukuthi baxhumane nemishini besebenzisa amaza obuchopho. Njengamanje, indlela evame kakhulu yokuhumusha ukusebenza kukagesi ebuchosheni iwukusebenzisa i-electroencephalography (EEG); lo mshini uhumusha amaza obuchopho kube ikhodi efundeka ngomshini engayala amarobhothi, amakhompyutha nezinhlelo zenethiwekhi ukuba zilandele imiyalo ecatshangwa umuntu. 

Izinsuku zokuqala ze-BCI seziqalile kakade. Abanqanyuliwe bahlola izitho zerobhothi ezilawulwa ingqondo ngokuqondile, esikhundleni sokusebenzisa izinzwa ezinamathele esiphunzini somuntu osifakile. Ngokunjalo, abantu abakhubazeke kakhulu (njengabantu abane-quadriplegia) manje sebesebenzisa i-BMI ukuqondisa izihlalo zabo ezinamasondo ezinenjini futhi basebenzise izingalo zamarobhothi. Kodwa ukusiza abanqunywe isitho kanye nabantu abakhubazekile baphile izimpilo ezizimele akusilo izinga lalokho i-BMI ezokwazi ukukwenza. 

Abacwaningi bathole impumelelo yokuhlola ubuchwepheshe be-BMI obuvumela abantu abahlolwayo ukuba basebenzise imicabango yabo ukuze balawule imisebenzi yasendlini (ukukhanyisa, amakhethini, izinga lokushisa) kanye nemishini elula; ukudlala imidlalo yevidiyo elula, ukuguqula imicabango ibe imiyalezo; ukuguqula amaza obuchopho abe yizithombe, okuvumela abacwaningi ukuba 'babone' ngeso lezifundo ezihlolwayo; ngisho nemizamo yokuqala ye-electronic telepathy. Khonamanjalo, kumongo wendawo yokusebenza, manje sekungenzeka ukusebenzisa okokusebenza okungahlanyisi (njengamahedisethi namakepisi) njengethuluzi le-neurofeedback lokuthuthukisa ukusebenza komsebenzi, ikakhulukazi mayelana nokugxilisa ingqondo nokugcina inkumbulo. 

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Emkhakheni wokunakekelwa kwezempilo, ubuchwepheshe be-BMI bungaguqula ukunakekelwa kwesiguli kanye nokuvuselelwa. Kubantu abanokukhubazeka kokuhamba, amasistimu e-BMI anganika amandla ukulawula izitho zokufakelwa noma izihlalo zabakhubazekile ngomcabango wodwa. Lo mkhuba ungathuthukisa izinga lokuphila kwabaningi, ubavumele ukuba baphinde bathole ukuzimela futhi bahlanganyele emisebenzini eyayiyinselele noma engenakwenzeka ngaphambili. Izibhedlela nezikhungo zokuhlunyeleliswa kwezimilo zingasebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe ukuze zinikeze ukunakekelwa komuntu siqu, ukuhlela izinhlelo zokwelapha ngokusekelwe kudatha yesikhathi sangempela somsebenzi wobuchopho.

Kohulumeni nezinhlaka ezilawulayo, ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kobuchwepheshe be-BMI kuveza kokubili amathuba nezinselelo. Ikhono lokuqapha umsebenzi wobuchopho kuzilungiselelo ezahlukahlukene lingaholela ekuqondeni okusha ngempilo yengqondo, imfundo, kanye nokukhiqiza kwabasebenzi. Kodwa-ke, lokhu futhi kuphakamisa ukucatshangelwa okujulile kwezimiso zokuziphatha mayelana nobumfihlo kanye nemvume. Ohulumeni kungase kudingeke ukuthi bakhe iziqondiso nemithethonqubo ecacile ukuze bavikele amalungelo abantu ngesikhathi besakhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa okunomthwalo wemfanelo kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-BMI. Ukulinganisa lezi zintshisekelo kuzoba umsebenzi onzima, odinga ukubambisana phakathi kwabakhi benqubomgomo, abacwaningi, nabaholi bezimboni.

Kwezemfundo, ubuchwepheshe be-BMI bunganikeza isipiliyoni sokufunda esiqondene nawe esifanelana namakhono okuqonda omfundi ngamunye nesitayela sokufunda. Ngokuqapha umsebenzi wobuchopho, othisha bangakwazi ukukhomba izindawo lapho umfundi angase athwale kanzima futhi banikeze ukwesekwa okuqondiwe. Le ndlela ingase iholele ekufundeni ngokuphumelelayo, ukunciphisa isikhathi esidingekayo sokwazi amakhono amasha noma imiqondo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungasiza ekuhlonzeni nasekusekeleni abafundi abanokukhubazeka ekufundeni kusenesikhathi, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi bathola izinsiza ezidingekayo nokunakwa ukuze baphumelele ohambweni lwabo lokufunda. 

Imithelela yesixhumi esibonakalayo somshini wobuchopho

Imithelela ebanzi yobuchwepheshe be-BMI ingafaka:

• Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo zamanoveli zokuphatha ezilungisa umsebenzi owabelwe abasebenzi ngokusekelwe ezimeni zabo zengqondo ngesikhathi sangempela, okuholela kumashejuli omsebenzi womuntu siqu kanye nokwaneliseka komsebenzi okungaba okuphezulu.
• Ukuvumela abantu abasemisebenzini enengcindezi enkulu ukuthi baqaphe futhi balawule amazinga abo okucindezeleka ngokwenza ngcono indawo abasebenzela kuyo futhi babeke phambili imisebenzi esekelwe esikhathini sokunaka, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwenhlalakahle yengqondo futhi okungenzeka kunciphise izinga lokutubeka.
• Ukuvumela amasosha ukuthi abe nokulawula kwesikhathi sangempela kwezikhali enkundleni kanye nokuxhumana buthule ukuze kube nenzuzo yesu, kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwezempi kanye namasu okuguqula impi.
• Amandla okulawula okugcwele abantu abaningi ngokukhetha imibuso enegunya ezimisele ekusebenziseni i-BMI ukuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda yabo yokuhlola yasekhaya, okuholela ekwandeni kokuqapha kanye nokwephulwa kwamalungelo abantu okungenzeka.
• Ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe be-BMI ezimbonini zokuzijabulisa nezokudlala, okuvumela okuhlangenwe nakho okugxilile okulawulwa umcabango, okuholela kumamodeli ebhizinisi amasha namasu okubandakanya abathengi.
• Ukwakhiwa kwamathuluzi amasha okufundisa ajwayelana namaphethini okufunda komuntu ngamunye nge-BMI, okuholela emfundweni yomuntu siqu futhi okungenzeka kunciphise igebe lempumelelo yezemfundo.
• Amandla e-BMI okuvumela ukulawula kude kwemishini ezindaweni eziyingozi, okuholela ezimeni zokusebenza eziphephile futhi ngokunokwenzeka nokuguqula izinqubo zabasebenzi ezimbonini ezifana nezimayini nezokwakha.
• Izinselelo zezimiso zokuziphatha nezimpi ezingokomthetho ezingaba khona ezizungeze ubunikazi nokusetshenziswa kwedatha yomuntu siqu ye-neural, okuholela emithethweni emisha kanye noshintsho olungase lube khona emibonweni yomphakathi mayelana nobumfihlo.
• Amathuba obuchwepheshe be-BMI ukuze kube lula ukuxhumana kwabantu abanenkinga yokukhuluma noma yolimi, okuholela ekufakweni okuthuthukisiwe komphakathi kanye nokuzibandakanya komphakathi.
• Umthelela wemvelo wokukhiqiza nokulahlwa kwemishini ye-BMI, okuholela esidingweni sezindlela ezisimeme zokukhiqiza kanye nezinhlelo zokugaywa kabusha.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ucabanga ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-BMI emsebenzini kungenziwa ngaphandle kokuthikameze ubumfihlo babasebenzi? 
• Yiziphi ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ongaziphakamisa zokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-BMI ehhovisi nasezindaweni zokusebenza zangaphandle?