Abantu abavunyelwe. Iwebhu ye-AI kuphela: Ikusasa Le-inthanethi P8

I-inthanethi yethu yesikhathi esizayo ngeke nje ibe indawo yabantu yokuhlala futhi bahlanganyele ngaphakathi. Eqinisweni, abantu bangase babe ingcosana uma kuziwa enanini labasebenzisi be-inthanethi esikhathini esizayo.

Esahlukweni sokugcina sochungechunge lwethu Lwekusasa Lochungechunge Lwe-inthanethi, sixoxe ngokuthi ukuhlangana kwekusasa kwe Ukungathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona (AR), esingokoqobo virtual (VR), kanye ubuchopho-computer interface (BCI) izodala i-metaverse—into engokoqobo yedijithali efana ne-Matrix ezothatha indawo ye-inthanethi yanamuhla.

Kukhona okubambekayo, nokho: Le metaverse ezayo izodinga ihadiwe enamandla kakhulu, ama-algorithms, futhi mhlawumbe nohlobo olusha lwengqondo lokuphatha ubunzima bayo obukhulayo. Mhlawumbe ngokumangalisayo, lolu shintsho seluqalile kakade.

Uncanny valley web traffic

Bambalwa kakhulu abantu abakubonayo, kodwa iningi le-inthanethi alikhiqizwa abantu. Esikhundleni salokho, iphesenti elikhulayo (61.5% kusukela ngo-2013) lenziwe ngamabhothi. Lawa ma-bot, amarobhothi, ama-algorithms, noma yini ofuna ukuwabiza, angaba kuhle noma kubi. Ukuhlaziywa kuka-2013 kwethrafikhi yewebhusayithi ngo Ucwaningo lwe-Incapsula ibonisa ukuthi i-31% yethrafikhi ye-inthanethi yenziwe izinjini zokusesha namanye ama-bot amahle, kuyilapho okunye kwenziwa ngama-scrapers, amathuluzi okugebenga, abathumeli bogaxekile, nama-bot okuzenza (bona igrafu ngezansi).

Yize sazi ukuthi izinjini zokusesha zenzani, amanye ama-bot angemuhle kangako angase abe masha kwabanye abafundi. 

• Ama-scrapers asetshenziselwa ukungena kusizindalwazi sewebhusayithi futhi azame ukukopisha ulwazi oluyimfihlo oluningi ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze luthengiswe kabusha.
• Amathuluzi okugebenga asetshenziselwa ukujova amagciwane, ukususa okuqukethwe, ukucekela phansi, kanye nokuduna okuqondiwe kwedijithali.
• Abathumela ogaxekile bathumela inani elikhulu lama-imeyili omgunyathi, kuhle, ngama-akhawunti e-imeyili abawagencele.
• Abalingiswa bazama ukubonakala njengethrafikhi yemvelo kodwa basetshenziselwa ukuhlasela amawebhusayithi ngokugcwala amaseva abo (ukuhlasela kwe-DDoS) noma ukwenza ukukhwabanisa ngokumelene nezinsizakalo zokukhangisa kwedijithali, phakathi kwezinye izinto.

Umsindo wewebhu ukhula nge-inthanethi Yezinto

Wonke lawa ma-bot akuwona kuphela imithombo yokuminyana kwabantu ngaphandle kwe-inthanethi. 

The Inthanethi Things (IoT), okukhulunywe ngayo ekuqaleni kwalolu chungechunge, ikhula ngokushesha. Izigidigidi zezinto ezihlakaniphile, futhi maduze amakhulu ezigidi, izoxhumeka kuwebhu emashumini eminyaka ezayo—ngalinye lihlala lithumela izingcezu zedatha emafini. Ukukhula okunamandla kwe-IoT kungenxa yokubeka ingcindezi ekhulayo engqalasizinda ye-inthanethi yomhlaba wonke, okungenzeka kubambezele okuhlangenwe nakho kokuphequlula iwebhu kwabantu maphakathi nawo-2020, kuze kube yilapho ohulumeni bomhlaba betshala imali eningi engqalasizinda yabo yedijithali. 

Ama-algorithms nobuhlakani bomshini

Ngokungeziwe kuma-bots kanye ne-IoT, ama-algorithms athuthukile nezinhlelo zobuhlakani bemishini enamandla asethelwe ukusebenzisa i-inthanethi. 

Ama-algorithms yilawo mathrekhi ekhodi ahlanganiswe ngobuciko ahlanganisa yonke idatha ekhiqizwa yi-IoT nama-bots ukuze kwakheke ukuhlakanipha okunengqondo okungenziwa abantu—noma ngama-algorithms ngokwawo. Kusukela ngo-2015, lawa ma-algorithms alawula cishe amaphesenti angama-90 emakethe yesitoko, akhiqiza imiphumela oyithola ezinjinini zakho zokusesha, alawule ukuthi yikuphi okuqukethwe okubonayo eziphakelini zakho zenkundla yezokuxhumana, enze kube ngokwakho izikhangiso ezivela kumawebhusayithi akho avamile, futhi ngisho nokuyalela ubudlelwano obungaba khona obufanayo owethulwe kuwe kuhlelo lokusebenza/isayithi lakho lokuthandana eliyintandokazi.

Lawa ma-algorithms ayindlela yokulawula umphakathi futhi asevele elawula ingxenye enkulu yezimpilo zethu. Njengoba iningi lama-algorithms omhlaba njengamanje abhalwe abantu, ukuchema kwabantu kuzoqinisa lezi zilawuli zomphakathi nakakhulu. Ngokufanayo, lapho sabelana kakhulu ngezimpilo zethu ngamabomu nangokungazi kuwebhu, lawa ma-algorithms azofunda ukukusiza nokulawula emashumini eminyaka ezayo. 

I-Machine intelligence (MI), ngakolunye uhlangothi, iyindawo ephakathi phakathi kokufunda komshini kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI). Lawa amakhompyutha angakwazi ukufunda, ukubhala, ukucabanga, nokusebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene ukuxazulula izinkinga ezihlukile.

Mhlawumbe isibonelo esidume kakhulu se-MI uWatson we-IBM, owaqhudelana ngo-2011 futhi wawina umdlalo we-Jeopardy ngokumelene nabaqhudelana bakhe ababili abahamba phambili. Kusukela lapho, uWatson unikezwe umsebenzi wokuba i- uchwepheshe emkhakheni omusha ngokuphelele: umuthi. Ngokusebenzisa isisekelo solwazi somhlaba wonke semibhalo yezokwelapha, kanye nokuqeqeshwa komuntu ngamunye nodokotela abaningi abahamba phambili emhlabeni, u-Watson manje usengakwazi ukuxilonga izifo ezihlukahlukene zabantu, kuhlanganise nomdlavuza ongavamile, ngokunemba okuphakeme kunodokotela abangabantu abanolwazi.

Udadewabo kaWatson Ross manje yenza okufanayo emkhakheni wezomthetho: isebenzisa imibhalo yezomthetho yomhlaba futhi ixoxisane nochwepheshe bayo abahamba phambili ukuze babe usizo lochwepheshe olunganikeza izimpendulo ezinemininingwane nezamanje zemibuzo yezomthetho mayelana nomthetho kanye nomthetho wamacala. 

Njengoba ungase ucabange, u-Watson noRoss ngeke babe ochwepheshe bokugcina bemboni okungebona abantu abazovela esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. (Funda kabanzi mayelana ukufunda ngomshini usebenzisa lesi sifundo esisebenzisanayo.)

Ubuhlakani bokwenziwa budla iwebhu

Ngayo yonke le nkulumo nge-MI, cishe ngeke kukumangaze ukuthi ingxoxo yethu manje isizodlulela endaweni ye-AI. Sizobe sihlanganisa i-AI ngokuningiliziwe ochungechungeni lwethu Lwekusasa Lamarobhothi kanye ne-AI, kodwa ngenxa yengxoxo yethu yewebhu lapha, sizokwabelana ngeminye yemicabango yethu yasekuqaleni mayelana nokuphilisana kwabantu ne-AI.

Encwadini yakhe ethi Superintelligence, uNick Bostrom wenza icala lokuthi izinhlelo ze-MI ezifana noWatson noma uRoss ngolunye usuku zingathuthuka zibe yizinhlangano ezizaziyo ezizodlula ngokushesha ubuhlakani bomuntu.

Ithimba le-Quantumrun likholelwa ukuthi i-AI yokuqala yeqiniso cishe izovela ngasekupheleni kwawo-2040. Kodwa ngokungafani namamuvi we-Terminator, sinomuzwa wokuthi izinhlaka ze-AI zesikhathi esizayo zizobambisana nabantu ngokuzwana, ikakhulukazi ukuze banelise izidingo zabo ezingokwenyama—izidingo (okwamanje) ezingaphansi kolawulo lomuntu.

Ake sikuhlukanise lokhu. Ukuze abantu baphile, sidinga amandla okudla, amanzi, nokufudumala; futhi ukuze bachume, abantu kudingeka bafunde, baxhumane, futhi babe nezinto zokuhamba (ngokusobala zikhona ezinye izici, kodwa lolu hlu ngilugcina lufushane). Ngendlela efanayo, ukuze izinhlangano ze-AI ziphile, zizodinga amandla ngendlela kagesi, amandla amakhulu ekhompiyutha ukuze ziqhubeke nokubala/ukucabanga kwazo okusezingeni eliphezulu, kanye nezindawo zokugcina ezinkulu ngokulinganayo ukuze kugcinwe ulwazi ezilufundayo neziludalayo; futhi ukuze baphumelele, badinga ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi njengomthombo wolwazi olusha nezinto zokuhamba ezibonakalayo.

Ugesi, i-microchip, kanye nezindawo zokugcina izinto ezibonakalayo zonke ziphethwe abantu futhi ukukhula/ukukhiqizwa kwazo kuncike ezidingweni ezisetshenziswa abantu. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-inthanethi ebonakala ingokoqobo isekelwa kakhulu amakhebuli e-fiber optic aphathekayo, imibhoshongo yokudlulisela, namanethiwekhi esathelayithi adinga ukunakekelwa komuntu njalo. 

Kungakho—okungenani eminyakeni embalwa yokuqala ngemva kokuba i-AI ibe ngokoqobo, sicabanga ukuthi asisabisi ngokubulala/ukususa i-AI esiyidalayo. futhi amazwe acabanga ukuthi awawashintshi ngokuphelele amabutho awo amarobhothi angababulali abanekhono—kungenzeka ukuthi abantu ne-AI bazophila futhi basebenze ngokubambisana, ngokubambisana. 

Ngokuphatha i-AI yesikhathi esizayo njengabalinganayo, isintu sizongena esivumelwaneni esikhulu nabo: Bazokwenza sisize siphathe umhlaba oxhumene ngokuya oyinkimbinkimbi esiphila kuwo futhi ukhiqize umhlaba wenala. Ngokubuyisela, sizosiza i-AI ngokuphambukisa izinsiza ezidingekayo ukuze kukhiqizwe amanani akhulayo kagesi, ama-microchips, nezindawo zokulondoloza azozidinga kanye nenzalo yazo. 

Vele, uma kufanele sivumele i-AI ukuthi izenzele wonke ukukhiqizwa nokugcinwa kwamandla ethu, izinto zikagesi kanye ne-inthanethi ingqalasizinda, khona-ke singaba nokuthile esingakhathazeka ngakho. Kodwa lokho kwakungeke kwenzeke, akunjalo? *Amakhilikithi*

Abantu kanye ne-AI babelana nge-metaverse

Njengoba nje abantu bezohlala kweyabo i-metaverse, i-AI izophila endaweni yabo siqu. Ubukhona babo bedijithali buzohluka kakhulu kunokwethu, njengoba i-metaverse yabo izosuselwa kudatha nemibono, into “abakhulele” kuyo.

I-metaverse yethu yomuntu, ngakolunye uhlangothi, izogcizelela kakhulu ekulingiseni umhlaba wenyama esikhulele kuwo, ngaphandle kwalokho, imiqondo yethu ngeke yazi ukuthi singazihlanganisa kanjani nayo. Kuzodingeka sizwe futhi sibone imizimba yethu (noma ama-avatar), sinambithe futhi siyihogele indawo esizungezile. I-metaverse yethu ekugcineni izozizwa njengomhlaba wangempela—okuyilapho sikhetha ukungalandeli leyo mithetho yemvelo exakile futhi sivumele imicabango yethu izule, isitayela Sokuqala.

Ngenxa yezidingo zomqondo/imikhawulo ebalulwe ngenhla, abantu cishe ngeke bakwazi ukuvakashela ngokugcwele i-AI metaverse, njengoba kungazwakala njengekhala elimnyama elinomsindo. Sesikushilo lokho, ama-AI ngeke abe nobunzima obufanayo ngokuvakashela i-metaverse yethu.

Lawa ma-AI angathatha kalula amafomu e-avatar yomuntu ukuze ahlole i-metaverse yethu, asebenze eduze kwethu, ahlanganyele nathi, futhi angaba nobudlelwano bothando nathi (obufana nalolo olubonwa kufilimu kaSpike Jonze, imidlalo). 

Abafileyo abahambayo baqhubeka bephila endaweni ezungezile

Lokhu kungase kube indlela embi yokuphela kwalesi sahluko sochungechunge lwethu lwe-inthanethi, kodwa kusazoba nenye futhi inhlangano engabelana ngendaba yethu: abafileyo. 

Sizochitha isikhathi esiningi kulokhu ngesikhathi sethu Ikusasa Lomhlaba Wabantu uchungechunge, kodwa nazi ezinye izinto okufanele uzicabangele. 

Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-BCI obuvumela imishini ukuthi ifunde imicabango yethu (futhi ngokwengxenye yenza ikusasa ligcwaliseke), ngeke kuthathe intuthuko eyengeziwe ukusuka ekufundeni imiqondo kuye ukwenza isipele esigcwele sedijithali sobuchopho bakho (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Whole Brain Emulation, i-WBE).

'Iziphi izicelo okungenzeka lokhu kube nazo?' uyabuza. Nazi izimo zezokwelapha ezimbalwa ezichaza izinzuzo ze-WBE.

Ithi uneminyaka engama-64 futhi inkampani yakho yomshwalense iyakukhava ukuze uthole isipele sobuchopho. Uthola inqubo yenziwe, bese ungena engozini edala ukulimala kobuchopho kanye nokulahlekelwa inkumbulo okukhulu ngemva konyaka. Izindlela ezintsha zokwelapha ezizayo zingakwazi ukuphulukisa ubuchopho bakho, kodwa zingabuyiseli izinkumbulo zakho. Odokotela bazokwazi ukufinyelela emuva ebuchosheni bakho ukuze balayishe ubuchopho bakho ngezinkumbulo zakho zesikhathi eside ezingekho.

Nasi esinye isimo: Futhi, uyisisulu sengozi; kulokhu kukubeka ekhoma noma esimweni sokumila. Ngenhlanhla, wasekela ingqondo yakho ngaphambi kwengozi. Ngenkathi umzimba wakho ululama, ingqondo yakho isengakwazi ukusebenzelana nomndeni wakho futhi isebenze ukude ngaphakathi kwe-metaverse. Uma umzimba wakho ululama futhi odokotela sebelungele ukukuvusa ekukhomeni kwakho, isipele sengqondo singadlulisela noma yiziphi izinkumbulo ezintsha ezidalile emzimbeni wakho osanda kwelashwa.

Ekugcineni, ake sithi uyafa, kodwa usafuna ukuba yingxenye yempilo yomkhaya wakho. Ngokusekela ingqondo yakho ngaphambi kokufa, ingadluliselwa ukuze ibe khona ku-metaverse phakade. Amalungu omndeni nabangane bazokwazi ukukuvakashela lapho, ngaleyo ndlela bagcine ingcebo yakho yomlando, ulwazi, nothando njengengxenye esebenzayo yempilo yabo ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.

Ukuthi abafileyo bazovunyelwa yini ukuba babe khona phakathi kwe-metaverse efanayo nabaphilayo noma bahlukaniswe babe yi-metaverse yabo (njenge-AI) kuyoba kumithetho kahulumeni yesikhathi esizayo nemithetho yenkolo.

Manje njengoba sikunyathele kancane, isikhathi sesifikile sokuqeda uchungechunge lwethu Lwekusasa Lochungechunge Lwe-inthanethi. Kumaphethelo ochungechunge, sizohlola ezombangazwe zewebhu nokuthi ikusasa layo lizoba ngelabantu noma elezinkampani nohulumeni abalambele amandla.

Ikusasa lochungechunge lwe-inthanethi

I-inthanethi Yeselula Ifinyelela Ezigidini Ezimpofu Kakhulu: Ikusasa Le-inthanethi P1

I-Next Social Web vs. Godlike Search Engines: Ikusasa Le-inthanethi P2

Ukunyuka Kwabasizi Ababonakalayo Abanamandla Edatha Abakhulu: Ikusasa Le-inthanethi P3

Ikusasa Lakho Ngaphakathi Ku-inthanethi Yezinto: Ikusasa Le-inthanethi P4

Izinto Ezigqokwayo Zosuku Zithatha Indawo Yomakhalekhukhwini: Ikusasa Le-inthanethi P5

Impilo yakho ewumlutha, yemilingo, enwetshiwe: Ikusasa le-inthanethi P6

I-Virtual Reality kanye ne-Global Hive Mind: Ikusasa Le-inthanethi P7

I-Geopolitics yeWebhu Engagungiweyo: Ikusasa Le-inthanethi P9