Ukukhuphuka kwemoto kagesi: Ikusasa Lamandla P3

ISIKWELETU SESITHOMBE: I-Quantumrun

Ukukhuphuka kwemoto kagesi: Ikusasa Lamandla P3

    Imoto yakho—umthelela wayo emhlabeni ohlala kuwo uzoba mkhulu kakhulu kunalokho obungakulindela. 

    Uma ufunda ingxenye yokugcina enamafutha yalolu chungechunge Lwekusasa Lamandla, ubuyobe ubheje ukuthi lesi sitolimende sesithathu sizofaka ukukhuphuka kwamandla elanga njengendlela entsha ebusayo emhlabeni. Awu, unephutha kancane kuphela: sizokumboza lokho ingxenye yesine. Esikhundleni salokho, sikhethe ukumboza ama-biofuels nezimoto zikagesi kuqala ngoba iningi lemikhumbi yezokuthutha emhlabeni (okungukuthi, izimoto, amaloli, imikhumbi, izindiza, amaloli amakhulu, njll) isebenzisa igesi futhi yingakho uwoyela ongahluziwe unomhlaba umphimbo. Susa igesi ku-equation futhi umhlaba wonke uyashintsha.

    Yiqiniso, ukuhamba kude negesi (futhi ngokushesha ngisho nenjini yomlilo) kulula ukukusho kunokukwenza. Kodwa uma ufunda kuze kube sekupheleni odangele ingxenye ezimbili, uzokhumbula ukuthi ohulumeni abaningi bomhlaba ngeke babe nokuncane ukukhetha kule ndaba. Kalula nje, ukuqhubeka nokuqhuba umnotho emthonjeni wamandla oshintshashintshayo noyivelakancane—uwoyela ongahluziwe—kuzoba nokungasimami kwezomnotho nakwezepolitiki phakathi kuka-2025-2035. Ngenhlanhla, lolu shintsho olukhulu lungaba lula kunalokho esikucabangayo.

    Idili langempela ngemuva kwama-biofuels

    Izimoto zikagesi ziyikusasa lezokuthutha—futhi sizohlola lelo kusasa engxenyeni yesibili yalesi sihloko. Kodwa njengoba kunezimoto ezingaphezu kwebhiliyoni emgwaqeni emhlabeni wonke, ukushintsha leyo mikhumbi yezimoto ngezimoto zikagesi kungase kuthathe ishumi leminyaka elilodwa kuya kwamashumi amabili. Asinaso leso sikhathi. Uma umhlaba uzoqeda ukuluthwa kwawo uwoyela, kuzodingeka sithole eminye imithombo kaphethiloli engasebenzisa izimoto zethu zamanje ezivuthayo ishumi leminyaka noma ngaphezulu kuze kube yilapho ugesi uthatha amandla. Yilapho ama-biofuels angena khona.

    Uma uvakashela iphampu, ngempela unenketho yokugcwalisa ngegesi, igesi engcono, i-premium gas, noma udizili. Futhi lokho kuyinkinga ye-pocketbook yakho—esinye sezizathu ezenza uwoyela ubize kangaka ukuthi unomkhawulo oseduze eziteshini zikaphethiloli abantu abazisebenzisayo emhlabeni wonke. Awukho umncintiswano.

    Ama-biofuels, nokho, angaba yilowo mncintiswano. Cabanga ngekusasa lapho ubona khona i-ethanol, noma i-ethanol-gas hybrid, noma izinketho zokushaja ngogesi ngokuzayo uma ushayela epompo. Lelo kusasa selikhona kakade eBrazil. 

    IBrazil ikhiqiza i-ethanol eningi ngomoba. Lapho abantu baseBrazil baya empompini, banenketho yokugcwalisa ngegesi noma i-ethanol noma inhlobonhlobo yezinye izingxube phakathi. Umphumela? Sekusondele ukuzimela ngokuphelele kuwoyela wangaphandle, amanani ashibhile egesi, kanye nomnotho othuthukayo ozokhula—eqinisweni, abantu baseBrazil abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-40 bangena esigabeni esiphakathi phakathi kuka-2003 no-2011 lapho imboni ye-biofuel yezwe iqala. 

    'Kodwa linda,' usho, 'ama-biofuels adinga izimoto zamafutha aguquguqukayo ukuze ziwasebenzise. Njengogesi, kuzothatha amashumi eminyaka ukushintsha izimoto zomhlaba ngezimoto ezishintshashintshayo.' Empeleni, akunjalo. Imfihlo encane engcolile embonini yezimoto ukuthi cishe zonke izimoto ezakhiwe kusukela ngo-1996 zingaguqulwa zibe izimoto ezishintshashintshayo ze-flex-fuel ngemali encane efika ku-$ 150. Uma unentshisekelo yokuguqula imoto yakho, bheka lezi zixhumanisi: one futhi ezimbili.

    'Kodwa linda,' usho futhi, 'ukutshala izitshalo zokwenza i-ethanol kuzonyusa izindleko zokudla!' Ngokuphambene nenkolelo yomphakathi (izinkolelo ezabiwe yilo mbhali ngokusemthethweni), i-ethanol ayisusi ukukhiqizwa kokudla. Eqinisweni, umkhiqizo omningi wokukhiqizwa kwe-ethanol wukudla. Isibonelo, ummbila omningi otshalwa eMelika awulinyelwa nhlobo abantu, utshalwa ukudla kwezilwane. Futhi okunye kokuphakelayo kwezilwane okungcono kakhulu 'izinhlamvu ze-distillers,' ezenziwe ngommbila, kodwa zikhiqizwa kuqala ngenqubo yokuvutshelwa-i-distillation-umkhiqizo ophumayo (ukuqagele) i-ethanol KANYE nezinhlamvu ze-distillers.

    Ukuletha ukukhetha kupompo yegesi

    Akukona ngempela ukudla uma kuqhathaniswa nophethiloli, kungaba ukudla kanye nophethiloli omningi. Ngakho-ke ake sibheke ngokushesha i-bio ehlukile nezinye izinto zokubasa esizozibona zifika emakethe ngokuphindisela maphakathi nawo-2020:

    I-Ethanol. I-Ethanol iwutshwala, eyenziwe ngokuvubela ushukela, futhi ingenziwa ngezinhlobo zezitshalo ezinjengokolweni, ummbila, umoba, ngisho nezitshalo eziyinqaba njenge-cactus. Ngokuvamile, i-ethanol ingakhiqizwa esikalini kusetshenziswa kakhulu noma yisiphi isitshalo esilungele kangcono izwe ukuthi likhule. 

    I-Methanol. Amaqembu omjaho wezimoto zomjaho kanye nokudonsa amashumi eminyaka esebenzisa i-methanol. Kodwa kungani? Nokho, inesilinganiso se-octane esiphezulu esilinganayo (~113) kune-premium gas (~93), inikeza izilinganiso ezingcono zokuminyanisa nesikhathi sokuthungela, ishisa ihlanzeke kakhulu kunophethiloli, futhi ngokuvamile iyingxenye yesithathu yenani likaphethiloli ojwayelekile. Futhi uzenza kanjani lezi zinto? Ngokusebenzisa i-H2O kanye ne-carbon dioxide—ngakho amanzi nomoya, okusho ukuthi ungenza la mafutha ashibhile noma yikuphi. Eqinisweni, i-methanol ingakhiwa kusetshenziswa isikhutha esigaywe kabusha esivela embonini yegesi yemvelo ekhulayo emhlabeni, ngisho nange-biomass egaywe kabusha (okungukuthi amahlathi akhiqizwa udoti, ezolimo, kanye nemfucuza yedolobha). 

    I-biomass eyanele ikhiqizwa unyaka ngamunye eMelika ukuze kukhiqizwe i-methanol eyanele ukumboza ingxenye yezimoto e-US ngamadola amabili ilitha, uma kuqhathaniswa nezine noma ezinhlanu zisebenzisa uphethiloli. 

    Algae. Oddly ngokwanele, amagciwane, ikakhulukazi I-Cyanobacteria, kwangathi imoto yakho yesikhathi esizayo ingase ibe namandla. Lawa mabhaktheriya adla i-photosynthesis ne-carbon dioxide, ngokuyisisekelo ilanga nomoya, futhi angaguqulwa kalula abe yi-biofuel. Ngobunjiniyela obuncane bezakhi zofuzo, ososayensi banethemba lokuthi ngelinye ilanga bazotshala amanani amakhulu alawa magciwane kuma-vats amakhulu angaphandle. Okukhahlayo ukuthi njengoba la magciwane edla isikhutha, lapho ekhula, aphinde ahlanze indawo yethu ezungezile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abalimi bamabhaktheriya besikhathi esizayo bangenza imali ngenani le-biofuel abalithengisayo kanye nenani le-carbon dioxide elimunca emkhathini.

    Izimoto zikagesi sezikhona futhi sezivele zinhle kakhulu

    Izimoto zikagesi, noma ama-EV, seziyingxenye yokubonga kwe-pop yesiko ngokuyinhloko ku-Elon Musk kanye nenkampani yakhe, i-Tesla Motors. I-Tesla Roadster, kanye ne-Model S ikakhulukazi, bafakazele ukuthi ama-EV akuyona nje imoto eluhlaza kakhulu ongayithenga, kodwa futhi imoto ehamba phambili ukushayela, isikhathi. I-Model S iwine i-“Motor Trend Car of the Year” ka-2013 kanye ne-Automobile Magazine ethi “Car of the Year” yango-2013. Le nkampani yafakazela ukuthi ama-EV angaba uphawu lwesimo, kanye nomholi kwezobunjiniyela bezimoto nokuklama.

    Kodwa konke lokhu kwembongolo ye-Tesla eqabula eceleni, iqiniso liwukuthi kuwo wonke ama-press Tesla kanye nezinye izinhlobo ze-EV eziyalile eminyakeni yamuva, zisamele kuphela ngaphansi kwephesenti elilodwa lemakethe yezimoto zomhlaba wonke. Izizathu ezidala lokhu kukhula okuxegayo zihlanganisa ukuntula ulwazi olusesidlangalaleni lokushayela ama-EV, ingxenye ephezulu ye-EV nezindleko zokukhiqiza (okungakho inani eliphezulu lilonke), kanye nokuntuleka kwengqalasizinda yokushajwa kabusha. Lezi zinkinga zinkulu, kodwa ngeke zihlale isikhathi eside.

    Izindleko zokukhiqiza izimoto kanye namabhethri kagesi azophahlazeka

    Ngawo-2020, inqwaba yobuchwepheshe izofika ku-inthanethi ukuze kwehliswe izindleko zokukhiqiza izimoto, ikakhulukazi ama-EV. Ukuqala, ake sithathe imoto yakho evamile: cishe izingxenye ezintathu kwezinhlanu zawo wonke uphethiloli wethu ohambayo uya ezimotweni futhi izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zalowo phethiloli zisetshenziselwa ukunqoba isisindo semoto ukuyiphushela phambili. Kungakho noma yini esingayenza ukuze izimoto zibe lula ngeke nje zigcine zishibhile, futhi zizobasiza basebenzise uphethiloli omncane (kungaba igesi noma ugesi).

    Nakhu okusahamba phambili: maphakathi nawo-2020, abakhi bezimoto bazoqala ukwenza zonke izimoto nge-carbon fiber, into esebenza iminyaka elula ibe lula futhi iqine kune-aluminium. Lezi zimoto ezilula zizokwazi ukusebenzisa izinjini ezincane futhi zigcine ukusebenza okufanayo. Izimoto ezilula zizokwenza ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamabhethri kagesi phezu kwezinjini ezivuthayo kusebenze kakhulu, njengoba ubuchwepheshe bamanje bebhethri buzokwazi ukunika amandla lezi zimoto ezilula kuze kufike ezimotweni ezisebenza ngegesi.

    Yebo, lokhu akubali intuthuko elindelekile kubuchwepheshe bebhethri, futhi umfana uzoba nokuningi. Izindleko, usayizi, nomthamo wokugcina wamabhethri e-EV uthuthuke esiqeshaneni esisheshayo umbani iminyaka manje futhi ubuchwepheshe obusha buza ku-inthanethi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuze buthuthuke. Isibonelo, ngo-2020, sizobona ukwethulwa kwe ama-supercapacitor asekelwe ku-graphene. Lawa ma-supercapacitor azovumela amabhethri e-EV angagcini nje ngokukhanya futhi abe mncane, kodwa azobamba amandla engeziwe futhi awakhulule ngokushesha okukhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izimoto zilula, ishibhile, futhi zisheshise. Ngaleso sikhathi, ngo-2017, i-Gigafactory kaTesla izoqala ukukhiqiza amabhethri e-EV ngesilinganiso esikhulu, okungenzeka yehlise izindleko zamabhethri e-EV ngo. amaphesenti angama-30 ngo-2020.

    Lezi zinto ezintsha ekusetshenzisweni kwe-carbon fibre kanye nobuchwepheshe bebhethri obusebenza kahle kakhulu buzoletha izindleko zama-EVs zilingane nezimoto ezivamile zenjini evuthayo, futhi ekugcineni zibe ngaphansi kakhulu kwezimoto ezivuthayo—njengoba sesizobona.

    Ohulumeni bomhlaba bangenela ukusheshisa lolu shintsho

    Ukwehla kwentengo yama-EV ngeke kusho ukuthi ibonanza yokuthengisa ye-EV. Futhi lokho kuyinkinga uma ohulumeni bezwe bezimisele ngokugwema ukuwa komnotho okuzayo (okuchazwe ku ingxenye ezimbili). Kungakho elinye lamaqhinga angcono kakhulu ohulumeni abangawasebenzisa ukuze banciphise ukusetshenziswa kwegesi nokunciphisa intengo empompini ukukhuthaza ukwamukelwa kwama-EV. Nansi indlela ohulumeni abangakwenza ngayo lokho:

    Esinye sezithiyo ezinkulu ekuthathweni kwe-EV wuvalo lwabathengi abaningi lokuphelelwa ijusi ngenkathi besendleleni, kude nesiteshi sokushaja. Ukuze kubhekwane nalo mgodi wengqalasizinda, ohulumeni bazogunyaza ukuthi ingqalasizinda yokushajwa kabusha kwe-EV ifakwe kuzo zonke iziteshi zikaphethiloli ezikhona, ngisho nokusebenzisa uxhaso kwezinye izimo ukusheshisa inqubo. Abakhiqizi be-EV cishe bazozimbandakanya nalokhu kwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda, njengoba kumele imali entsha nenenzuzo enkulu engantshontshwa ezinkampanini ezikhona zikawoyela.

    Ohulumeni basekhaya bazoqala ukubuyekeza imithetho kamasipala yokwakha, bagunyaze ukuthi zonke izindlu zibe nezindawo zokushaja ze-EV. Ngenhlanhla, lokhu sekuvele kwenzeka: California wadlulisela umthetho idinga ukuthi zonke izindawo zokupaka ezintsha kanye nezindlu zifake nengqalasizinda yokushaja i-EV. E-China, idolobha laseShenzhen umthetho ophasisiwe idinga abathuthukisi bamafulethi namacondo ukuthi bakhe izindawo zokushaja/iziteshi kuzo zonke izindawo zokupaka. Ngaleso sikhathi, iJapan manje inamaphuzu ashesha ukushaja (40,000) kuneziteshi zikaphethiloli (35,000). Enye inzuzo yalolu tshalomali lwengqalasizinda ukuthi izomela izinkulungwane zemisebenzi emisha, engathengiseki kwamanye amazwe kuwo wonke amazwe ayamukelayo.

    Khonamanjalo, ohulumeni bangase futhi bakukhuthaze ngokuqondile ukuthengwa kwama-EV. I-Norway, ngokwesibonelo, ingomunye wabangenisi be-Tesla abakhulu kakhulu emhlabeni. Kungani? Ngenxa yokuthi uhulumeni waseNorway unikeza abanikazi be-EV ukufinyelela kwamahhala emigwaqweni yokushayela engaminyene (isb. umzila webhasi), indawo yokupaka yomphakathi yamahhala, ukusetshenziswa kwamahhala kwemigwaqo ekhokhelwayo, inhlawulo yokubhalisa yonyaka eyehlisiwe, ukukhululwa ezinteleni ezithile zokuthengisa, kanye nokubanjwa kwentela engenayo. Yebo, ngiyazi kahle! Noma iTesla Model S iyimoto kanokusho, lezi zikhuthazi zenza ukuthenga iTeslas kucishe kufane nokuba nemoto yesintu.

    Abanye ohulumeni banganikeza kalula izikhuthazo ezifanayo, ngokufanelekile ziphelelwa yisikhathi ngemva kokuba ama-EV efinyelele umkhawulo othile wobunikazi bezimoto zikazwelonke (njengamaphesenti angu-40) ukuze kusheshiswe uguquko. Futhi ngemva kokuthi ama-EV ekugcineni emele iningi lezimoto zomphakathi, enye intela yekhabhoni ingasetshenziswa kubanikazi abasele bezimoto ezivuthayo ukuze kukhuthazwe ukuthuthukiswa kwegeyimu yabo kwakamuva kuma-EV.

    Kulesi simo, ohulumeni bebezohlinzeka ngokwemvelo ngoxhaso lokucwaninga ngentuthuko ye-EV kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-EV. Uma izinto ziba noboya futhi kudingekile izinyathelo ezeqisayo, ohulumeni bangase futhi bagunyaze abakhiqizi bezimoto ukuthi baguqule iphesenti eliphezulu lomkhiqizo wabo kuma-EVs, noma bagunyaze ukuphuma kwe-EV kuphela. (Lezo zimiso zazisebenza ngendlela emangalisayo phakathi neMpi Yezwe II.)

    Zonke lezi zinketho zingasheshisa ukushintshwa kwezimoto ezishiswayo ziye ezimotweni zikagesi emashumini eminyaka, kunciphise ukuncika emhlabeni wonke kuwoyela, kudaleke izigidi zemisebenzi emisha, futhi konge ohulumeni izigidigidi zamaRandi (ebezosetshenziswa ekuthengeni uwoyela ongahluziwe kwamanye amazwe) obungatshalwa kwenye indawo. .

    Ngomunye umongo owengeziwe, kunezimoto ezingaba yizimbili ezingaphezu kwesigidigidi emhlabeni namuhla. Abakhiqizi bezimoto ngokuvamile bakhiqiza izimoto eziyizigidi ezingu-100 unyaka ngamunye, ngakho kuye ngokuthi siphishekela ngamandla kangakanani ukushintshela kuma-EVs, kuzothatha kuphela ishumi leminyaka elilodwa ukuya kwamashumi amabili ukushintsha ezanele zezimoto zomhlaba ukuze zibuse umnotho wethu wesikhathi esizayo.

    I-boom ngemuva kwephuzu lokuphawula

    Uma ama-EV efika esiqongweni sobunikazi phakathi komphakathi jikelele, cishe amaphesenti angu-15, ukukhula kwama-EV ngeke kuvinjwe. Ama-EV aphephe kakhudlwana, abiza kancane kakhulu ukuwanakekela, futhi maphakathi nawo-2020 azobiza kancane kakhulu ukugcwalisa uphethiloli uma kuqhathaniswa nezimoto ezisebenza ngegesi—noma ngabe intengo kaphethiloli yehla kangakanani.

    Intuthuko efanayo yobuchwepheshe nokusekelwa kukahulumeni kuzoholela ekusetshenzisweni okufanayo emalolini e-EV, amabhasi, nezindiza. Lokhu kuzoshintsha umdlalo.

    Khona-ke kungazelelwe, yonke into iba eshibhile

    Kwenzeka into ethokozisayo uma ukhipha izimoto ku-equation yokusetshenziswa kukawoyela ongahluziwe, yonke into iba ishibhile kungazelelwe. Cabanga ngakho. Njengoba sibonile ku ingxenye ezimbili, ukudla, ikhishi nemikhiqizo yasendlini, imithi kanye nemishini yezokwelapha, izingubo zokugqoka, imikhiqizo yobuhle, izinto zokwakha, izingxenye zemoto, kanye nephesenti elikhulu layo yonke into nje, konke kwakhiwa kusetshenziswa i-petroleum.

    Lapho izimoto eziningi zishintshela kuma-EV, isidingo sikawoyela ongahluziwe sizokwehla, kwehle intengo kawoyela ongahluziwe. Lokho kwehla kuzosho ukonga izindleko ezinkulu kubakhiqizi bemikhiqizo kuyo yonke imikhakha esebenzisa uphethiloli ezinqubweni zabo zokukhiqiza. Lokhu kongiwa kuzogcina kudluliselwe kumthengi ojwayelekile, okuzogqugquzela noma yimuphi umnotho womhlaba owakhahlamezwa amanani aphezulu kagesi.

    Izitshalo zamandla amancane zidla kugridi

    Enye inzuzo eseceleni yokuba ne-EV ukuthi ingaphinda kabili njengomthombo wamandla ayisipele uma isiphepho seqhwa sike sawisa izintambo zamandla endaweni yakini. Vele uxhume imoto yakho endlini yakho noma ezintweni ezisebenza ngogesi ukuze uthole amandla asheshayo aphuthumayo.

    Uma indlu yakho noma ibhilidi lakho litshale imali kuma-solar panel kanye noxhumo lwegridi ehlakaniphile, lingashaja imoto yakho lapho ungalidingi bese libuyisela lawo mandla endlini yakho, esakhiweni, noma kugridi yamandla kagesi yomphakathi ebusuku, okungase kulondoloze imali yethu. amandla bill noma ngisho ukukwenzela kancane side cash.

    Kodwa uyazi ukuthi yini, manje sesingena esihlokweni samandla elanga, futhi ngokungagwegwesi, lokho kufanele kube yingxoxo siqu kakhulu: Amandla elanga kanye nokukhuphuka kwe-inthanethi yamandla: Ikusasa Lamandla P4

    IKUSASA LE-ENERGY SERIES LINKS

    Ukufa okuhamba kancane kwenkathi ye-carbon energy: Ikusasa Lamandla P1.

    Amafutha! I-trigger yenkathi evuselelekayo: Ikusasa Lamandla P2

    Amandla elanga kanye nokukhuphuka kwe-inthanethi yamandla: Ikusasa Lamandla P4

    Okuvuselelekayo kuqhathaniswa namakhadi asendle e-Thorium kanye ne-Fusion: Ikusasa Lamandla P5

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    2025-07-10

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