I-Quantumrun

ISIKWELETU SESITHOMBE: I-Quantumrun

I-Universal Basic Income yelapha ukungasebenzi kwabantu abaningi

UDavid Tal, Umshicileli, i-Futurist
@DavidTalWrites
I-LinkedIn

Msombuluko, 09/14/2020 - 07:09

Phakathi neminyaka engamashumi amabili, uzophila inguquko ye-automation. Lesi yisikhathi lapho sishintsha izingxenye ezinkulu zemakethe yezemisebenzi sifaka amarobhothi kanye nezinhlelo zobuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI). Izigidi eziningi zizoxoshwa emsebenzini—kungenzeka ukuthi nawe uzoxoshwa.

Esimeni sazo samanje, amazwe esimanje kanye nomnotho wonkana ngeke usinde kuleli bhamuza lokuntuleka kwemisebenzi. Ayakhelwe ukuba. Kungakho emashumini amabili eminyaka, uzophinde uphile ngoguquko lwesibili ekwakhiweni kohlobo olusha lwesistimu yezenhlalakahle: I-Universal Basic Income (UBI).

Kuwo wonke uchungechunge lwethu Lwekusasa Lomsebenzi, sihlole imashi engenakuvinjwa yobuchwepheshe emzamweni wayo wokusebenzisa imakethe yezabasebenzi. Esingakakuhlolisi ngamathuluzi azosetshenziswa ohulumeni ukweseka inqwaba yabasebenzi abangasebenzi ubuchwepheshe obuzokwenza ukuthi bungasebenzi. I-UBI ingelinye lalawo mathuluzi, futhi kwa-Quantumrun, sinomuzwa wokuthi iphakathi kwezinketho okungenzeka ukuthi ohulumeni bakusasa bazozisebenzisa maphakathi nawo-2030.

Iyini Ingeniso Eyisisekelo Eyisisekelo?

Empeleni ilula ngendlela emangalisayo: i-UBI iyimali engenayo enikezwa zonke izakhamuzi (ezicebile nezimpofu) ngazinye futhi ngaphandle kwemibandela, okungukuthi ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kwendlela noma imfuneko yomsebenzi. Nguhulumeni okunika imali yamahhala nyanga zonke.

Eqinisweni, kufanele kuzwakale kujwayelekile uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi abantu abadala bathola into efanayo ngendlela yezinzuzo zanyanga zonke zokuvikeleka komphakathi. Kodwa nge-UBI, empeleni sithi, 'Kungani sithemba abantu abadala kuphela ukuthi baphathe imali kahulumeni yamahhala?'

Ngo 1967, UMartin Luther King Jr. uthe, "Isixazululo sobumpofu siwukuqeda ngokuqondile ngesilinganiso manje okuxoxwa ngaso kabanzi: imali engenayo eqinisekisiwe." Futhi akuyena yedwa owenze le ngxabano. Izazi zeNobel Prize, kuhlanganise UMilton Friedman, UPaul Krugman, FA Hayek, phakathi kokunye, baye basekela i-UBI futhi. U-Richard Nixon waze wazama ukudlulisa inguqulo ye-UBI ngo-1969, nokho akazange aphumelele. Idumile phakathi kwabathuthukayo nabalandela imithetho ebekiwe; yimininingwane nje abangavumelani ngayo.

Kuleli qophelo, kungokwemvelo ukubuza: Ziyini ngempela izinzuzo ze-UBI, ngaphandle kokuthola isheke lenyanga lamahhala?

Imiphumela ye-UBI kumuntu ngamunye

Uma udlula kuhlu lokuwasha lwezinzuzo ze-UBI, mhlawumbe kungcono kakhulu ukuqala ngo-Joe ojwayelekile. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, umthelela omkhulu i-UBI ezoba nawo kuwe ngokuqondile ukuthi uzoba ngamakhulu ambalwa kuya ezinkulungwaneni ezimbalwa zamadola ukuceba njalo ngenyanga. Kuzwakala kulula, kodwa kukhona okungaphezu kwalokho. Nge-UBI, uzozibonela:

Izinga lokuphila elincane eliqinisekisiwe. Nakuba izinga laleyo ndinganiso lingase lihluke emazweni ngamazwe, awusoze wakhathazeka ngokuba nemali eyanele yokudla, yokwembathisa, nendlu. Lokho kwesaba okuyisisekelo kokushoda, kokungabi nalutho okwanele ukuze uphile uma ulahlekelwa umsebenzi noma ugula, ngeke kusaba yisici ekuthatheni kwakho izinqumo.
Umuzwa omkhulu wokuba nempilo nempilo yengqondo ukwazi ukuthi i-UBI yakho izoba khona ukuze ikusekele ngezikhathi zesidingo. Usuku nosuku, iningi lethu alivamile ukuvuma izinga lokucindezeleka, intukuthelo, umona, ngisho nokucindezeleka, esithwala entanyeni ngenxa yokwesaba kwethu ukushoda-i-UBI izonciphisa leyo mizwa engemihle.
Impilo ethuthukisiwe, njengoba i-UBI izokusiza ukuthi uthenge ukudla okuyikhwalithi engcono, ubulungu bejimu, kanye nokwelashwa uma kudingeka (ahem, USA).
Inkululeko eyengeziwe yokuphishekela umsebenzi onomvuzo owengeziwe. I-UBI izokunikeza ukuguquguquka kokuthatha isikhathi sakho ngesikhathi sokuzingela umsebenzi, esikhundleni sokucindezelwa noma ukutholela umsebenzi ukuze ukhokhe irenti. (Kufanele kugcizelelwe kabusha ukuthi abantu basazothola i-UBI noma ngabe banomsebenzi; kulezo zimo, i-UBI izoba yinto eyengeziwe ejabulisayo.)
Inkululeko enkulu yokuqhubeka nemfundo yakho njalo ukuze uvumelane kangcono nezimakethe zezabasebenzi ezishintshayo.
Ukuzimela ngokwezimali kwangempela kubantu, izinhlangano, ngisho nobudlelwano obuhlukumezayo obuzama ukukulawula ngokuntula kwakho iholo.

Imiphumela ye-UBI kumabhizinisi

Kumabhizinisi, i-UBI iyinkemba esika nhlangothi zombili. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abasebenzi bazoba namandla amaningi okuxoxisana kubaqashi babo, njengoba inetha labo lokuphepha le-UBI lizobavumela ukuthi bakwazi ukwenqaba umsebenzi. Lokhu kuzokhulisa ukuncintisana ngethalente phakathi kwezinkampani ezincintisanayo, kuziphoqelele ukuthi zinikeze abasebenzi izinzuzo ezinkulu, ukuqala amaholo, kanye nezindawo zokusebenza eziphephile.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lokhu kuncintisana okwandisiwe kwezabasebenzi kuzonciphisa isidingo sezinyunyana. Imithetho yezabasebenzi izoxegiswa noma ichithwe ngobuningi, kukhululwe imakethe yezabasebenzi. Isibonelo, ohulumeni ngeke besalwela iholo elincane lapho izidingo zempilo eziyisisekelo zawo wonke umuntu zihlangatshezwa yi-UBI. Kwezinye izimboni nezifunda, kuzovumela izinkampani ukuthi zehlise izindleko zokukhokhelwa ngokuphatha i-UBI njengoxhaso lukahulumeni lwemiholo yazo yabasebenzi (efana ne- Umkhuba we-Walmart namuhla).

Ezingeni elikhulu, i-UBI izoholela emabhizinisini amaningi jikelele. Cabanga ngempilo yakho nge-UBI isikhashana. Ngokusekelwa yinethi yezokuphepha ye-UBI, ungathatha ubungozi obuthe xaxa futhi uqale lelo bhizinisi lamaphupho obucabanga ngalo—ikakhulukazi njengoba uzoba nesikhathi esiningi nemali yokuqala ibhizinisi.

Imiphumela ye-UBI emnothweni

Uma kubhekwa lelo phuzu lokugcina mayelana nokuqhuma kwezamabhizinisi i-UBI engayikhulisa, cishe yisikhathi esihle sokuthinta umthelela we-UBI ongaba khona emnothweni uwonke. Njengoba i-UBI isendaweni, sizokwazi:

Ukusekela kangcono izigidi ezikhishwe emsebenzini ngenxa yemiphumela yokuzenzakalela komshini echazwe ezahlukweni ezedlule zochungechunge Lwekusasa Lomsebenzi Nekusasa Lomnotho. I-UBI izoqinisekisa izinga lokuphila eliyisisekelo, elizonikeza abantu abangasebenzi isikhathi nokuthula kwengqondo ukuze baphinde baqeqeshelwe imakethe yezabasebenzi yesikhathi esizayo.
Kungcono ukuqaphela, ukunxephezela, futhi uwazise umsebenzi wemisebenzi ebingakakhokhelwa nengakaqashelwa, njengomzali nokunakekelwa kwabagulayo nabadala ekhaya.
(Okuxakayo) ukususa isisusa sokuhlala ungasebenzi. Uhlelo olukhona manje lujezisa abantu abangasebenzi uma bethola umsebenzi ngoba uma bethola umsebenzi, inkokhelo yabo yezenhlalakahle iyanqanyulwa, okuvame ukubashiya ukuthi basebenze ngokugcwele ngaphandle kokunyuka okuphawulekayo kweholo labo. Nge-UBI, lesi senzo sokungakhuthazi ukusebenza ngeke sisaba khona, njengoba uzohlala uthola iholo eliyisisekelo elifanayo, ngaphandle kokuthi iholo lomsebenzi wakho lizokwengeza kukho.
Cabangela kalula izinguquko zentela eziqhubekayo ngaphandle kombono wezimpikiswano 'zezimpi zekilasi' eziwavalayo—isb. ngezinga leholo labantu kusihlwa, isidingo sabakaki bentela siya ngokuya siphelelwa yisikhathi. Ukusebenzisa lezi zinguquko kuzocacisa futhi kwenze kube lula uhlelo lwamanje lwentela, kugcine kuncishise imbuyiselo yakho yentela ibe ikhasi elilodwa lephepha.
Khulisa umsebenzi wezomnotho. Ukufingqa i ithiyori yemali engenayo unomphela yokusebenzisa kuze kube imisho emibili: Iholo lakho lamanje liyinhlanganisela yemali engenayo yaphakade (iholo kanye nelinye iholo elivela njalo) kanye neholo lesikhashana (okuwinile ngokugembula, amathiphu, amabhonasi). Imali engenayo edlulayo siyayonga njengoba singenakukwazi ukuthembela ekuphinde siyithole ngenyanga elandelayo, kanti imali engenayo ehlala njalo siyisebenzisa ngoba siyazi ukuthi umholo wethu olandelayo usalelwe yinyanga kuphela. Njengoba i-UBI ikhulisa imali engenayo ehlala njalo yazo zonke izakhamizi, umnotho uzobona ukukhuphuka okukhulu emazingeni okusebenzisa imali amakhasimende unomphela.
Nweba umnotho ngokusebenzisa umphumela wokuphindaphinda kwezimali, indlela yezomnotho efakazelwe echaza ukuthi idola elengeziwe elisetshenziswa izisebenzi ezihola kancane lengeza kanjani u-$1.21 emnothweni wezwe, uma kuqhathaniswa namasenti angu-39 anezelwa lapho umuntu ohola kakhulu esebenzisa lelo dollar.izinombolo zibaliwe emnothweni wase-US). Futhi njengoba izinombolo zabasebenzi abahola kancane kanye namakhowe angasebenzi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze sibonga amarobhothi adla umsebenzi, umphumela wokuphindaphinda we-UBI uzodingeka kakhulu ukuvikela impilo yomnotho iyonke.

Imiphumela ye-UBI kuhulumeni

Uhulumeni wakho wesifunda nowezifundazwe nabo bazobona inqwaba yezinzuzo ekusebenziseni i-UBI. Lokhu kufaka phakathi okwehlisiwe:

Ihhovisi likaHulumeni. Esikhundleni sokuphatha nokufaka amaphoyisa inqwaba yezinhlelo zezenhlalakahle ezahlukene (i-US ine Izinhlelo ezingama-79 ezihloliwe), zonke lezi zinhlelo zizothathelwa indawo uhlelo olulodwa lwe-UBI—olwehlisa kakhulu izindleko zikahulumeni zokuphatha nezabasebenzi.
Ukukhwabanisa nokumosha okuvela kubantu abadlala izinhlelo ezahlukene zezenhlalakahle. Cabanga ngalokhu ngale ndlela: ngokuqondisa imali yezenhlalakahle ezindlini esikhundleni somuntu ngamunye, lolu hlelo lukhuthaza imikhaya enomzali oyedwa, kuyilapho luqondise ukukhuphuka kwemali engenayo lwenza kube nzima ukuthola umsebenzi. Nge-UBI, le miphumela ephikisayo iyancipha futhi uhlelo lwezenhlalakahle lwenziwa lula lulonke.
Ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe ngokungemthetho, njengabantu abake bacabanga ukugxuma uthango lomngcele bazobona ukuthi kunenzuzo enkulu kakhulu ukufaka isicelo sokuba yisakhamuzi ukuze ufinyelele i-UBI yezwe.
Ukwenziwa kwenqubomgomo okwehlisa izingxenye zomphakathi ngokuwuhlukanisa ube abakaki bentela abahlukene. Esikhundleni salokho ohulumeni bangasebenzisa imithetho yentela neyemali engenayo, ngaleyo ndlela benze imithetho ibe lula futhi behlise izimpi zezigaba.
Iziyaluyalu zomphakathi, njengoba ubumpofu buzoqedwa ngempumelelo kanye nezinga elimisiwe lokuphila eliqinisekiswe uhulumeni. Impela, i-UBI ngeke iqinisekise umhlaba ongenayo imibhikisho noma izibhelu, ukuvama kwayo kuzoncishiswa okungenani emazweni asathuthuka.

Izibonelo zomhlaba wangempela zemiphumela ye-UBI emphakathini

Ngokususa ukuxhumana phakathi kwemali engenayo nomsebenzi ukuze umuntu aphile ngokomzimba, inani lezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zomsebenzi, ezikhokhelwayo noma ezingakhokhelwa, zizoqala ukuncipha. Isibonelo, ngaphansi kwesistimu ye-UBI, sizoqala ukubona ukuthutheleka kwabantu abaqeqeshiwe abafaka izicelo zezikhundla ezinhlanganweni ezisiza umphakathi. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi i-UBI yenza ukuzibandakanya ezinhlanganweni ezinjalo kube yingozi kangako ngokwezezimali, kunokunikela ngamathuba omuntu okuzuza imali noma isikhathi.

Kodwa mhlawumbe umthelela omkhulu we-UBI uzoba emphakathini wethu jikelele.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi i-UBI akuyona nje ithiyori ebhodini; kube nezivivinyo eziningi ezithumela i-UBI emadolobheni nasezigodini emhlabeni jikelele—okunemiphumela emihle kakhulu.

Isibonelo, a 2009 UBI umshayeli endaweni encane Namibian inikeze izakhamizi zomphakathi i-UBI engenamibandela unyaka. Imiphumela ithole ukuthi ubumpofu behle bafinyelela kumaphesenti angama-37 busuka kumaphesenti angama-76. Ubugebengu behle ngamaphesenti angama-42. Ukungondleki kwezingane nezinga lokuyeka isikole kwehle. Nosomabhizinisi (ukuzisebenza) kwenyuke ngamaphesenti angama-301.

Ngezinga elicashile, isenzo sokucela ukudla sanyamalala, kanjalo nokucwaswa emphakathini kanye nezithiyo zokucela ukukhulumisana okwabangelwa. Ngenxa yalokhu, amalungu omphakathi akwazi ukuxhumana ngokukhululekile nangokuzethemba ngaphandle kokwesaba ukubonakala njengesinxibi. Imibiko ithole ukuthi lokhu kuholele ebudlelwaneni obuseduze phakathi kwamalungu omphakathi ahlukene, kanye nokubamba iqhaza okukhulu emicimbini yomphakathi, amaphrojekthi, kanye nezishoshovu.

Ngo-2011-13, okufanayo Ukuhlolwa kwe-UBI kwalingwa eNdiya lapho amadolobhana amaningi anikezwe i-UBI. Lapho, njengaseNamibia, izibopho zomphakathi zasondelana lapho amadolobhana amaningi ehlanganisa imali yawo ukuze atshale imali, njengokulungisa amathempeli, ukuthenga ama-TV omphakathi, ngisho nokwenza izinyunyana zezikweletu. Futhi, abacwaningi babone ukwanda okukhulu kwezamabhizinisi, ukuya esikoleni, ukudla okunomsoco, nokonga, konke okwakukukhulu kakhulu kunasezigodini ezilawulayo.

Njengoba kuphawuliwe ekuqaleni, kukhona isici esingokwengqondo ku-UBI. Izifundo baye babonisa ukuthi izingane ezikhulela emikhayeni ecindezelekile ngokweholo zinamathuba amaningi okuba nezinkinga zokuziphatha nezingokomzwelo. Lezo zifundo zembula nokuthi ngokukhulisa iholo lomkhaya, izingane zisengozini yokuthuthukisa izici ezimbili ezibalulekile zobuntu: ukwethembeka nokuvumelana. Futhi lapho lezo zici sezifundiwe zisencane, zivame ukuqhubekela phambili eminyakeni yazo yobusha futhi zibe abantu abadala.

Cabanga ngekusasa lapho iphesenti elikhulayo labantu libonisa amazinga aphezulu obuqotho nokuvumelana. Noma beka ngenye indlela, cabanga ngezwe elinamajerk ambalwa aphefumula umoya wakho.

Izingxabano ezimelene ne-UBI

Ngazo zonke izinzuzo ze-mbamba ezichazwe kuze kube manje, sekuyisikhathi sokuthi sibhekane nezimpikiswano ezinkulu eziphikisana ne-UBI.

Phakathi kwezingxabano ezinkulu kakhulu ukuthi i-UBI izokhipha abantu intshiseko ekusebenzeni futhi idale isizwe samazambane osofa. Lesi sitimela somcabango asisisha. Kusukela ngesikhathi sika-Reagan, zonke izinhlelo zezenhlalakahle ziye zahlushwa yilolu hlobo lwemibono engemihle. Futhi nakuba kuzwakala kuyiqiniso ezingeni lomqondo ojwayelekile ukuthi inhlalakahle iguqula abantu babe ama-moocher amavila, le nhlangano ayikaze ifakazelwe ngokunamandla. Le ndlela yokucabanga ibuye ithathe ngokuthi imali iyona sizathu esigqugquzela abantu ukuthi basebenze.

Yize kuzoba nabathile abasebenzisa i-UBI njengendlela yokuthola impilo enesizotha, engenamsebenzi, labo bantu kungenzeka kube yibo abazosuswa emakethe yezemisebenzi ngobuchwepheshe noma kunjalo. Futhi njengoba i-UBI ingasoze yaba nkulu ngokwanele ukuvumela umuntu ukuthi alondoloze, laba bantu bazogcina besebenzisa imali yabo eningi kuya kuyo yonke imali yabo nyanga zonke, ngaleyo ndlela babe negalelo emnothweni ngokubuyisela kabusha i-UBI yabo emphakathini ngokuthenga irenti kanye nokusetshenziswayo. .

Eqinisweni, ucwaningo oluningi lukhomba ngokumelene nale thiyori yendlovukazi yombhede/wenhlalakahle.

A Iphepha le-2014 ebizwa ngokuthi "Osomabhizinisi Besitembu Sokudla" bathola ukuthi ngesikhathi sokwandiswa kwezinhlelo zezenhlalakahle ekuqaleni kwawo-2000, amakhaya anamabhizinisi ahlanganisiwe akhule ngamaphesenti angu-16.
Kamuva Ucwaningo lwe-MIT kanye ne-Harvard angatholanga bufakazi bokuthi ukudluliswa kwemali kubantu ngabanye kwehlisa intshisekelo yabo ekusebenzeni.
Ucwaningo olubili olwenziwe e-Uganda (amaphepha one futhi ezimbili) bathola ukunikeza abantu imali eyisibonelelo sikahulumeni kwabasiza ukuthi bakwazi ukufunda imisebenzi yezandla egcine iholele ekutheni basebenze amahora amade: amaphesenti angu-17 namaphesenti angu-61 isikhathi eside ezindaweni ezimbili ezifundiswayo.

Ingabe I-Negative Income Tax akuyona enye indlela engcono kune-UBI?

Enye ingxabano ephakamayo ukuthi intela yemali engenayo engalungile ingaba yisixazululo esingcono kune-UBI. Nge-Negative Income Tax, abantu abenza imali engaphansi kwenani elithile kuphela abazothola imali eyengeziwe—uma sibeka ngenye indlela, abantu abaneholo eliphansi ngeke bakhokhe intela yeholo futhi bayothola imali yabo ifinyelele ezingeni elithile elinqunywe kusengaphambili.

Nakuba lokhu kungase kube inketho engabizi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa ne-UBI, kubeka izindleko ezifanayo zokuphatha kanye nezingozi zokukhwabanisa ezihlobene nezinhlelo zezenhlalakahle zamanje. Iphinde iqhubeke nokucwasa labo abathola lokhu kukhushulwa, okwenza kube kubi nakakhulu inkulumompikiswano yempi yekilasi.

Umphakathi uzoyikhokhela kanjani i-Universal Basic Income?

Ekugcineni, impikiswano enkulu ebhekiswe ku-UBI: Sizokhokha kanjani isihogo?

Ake sithathe i-US njengesizwe sethu esiyisibonelo. Ngokusho kweBusiness Insider UDanny Vinik, "Ngo-2012, kwakukhona abantu baseMelika abayizigidi ezingu-179 abaphakathi kweminyaka engu-21 no-65 ubudala (lapho i-Social Security izongena khona). Ulayini wobumpofu wawungu-$11,945. Ngakho-ke, ukunikeza umMelika ngamunye osenkathini yokusebenza iholo eliyisisekelo elilingana nenani lobumpofu kungabiza u-$2.14 trillion.”

Sisebenzisa lesi sibalo sezigidigidi ezimbili njengesisekelo, ake sihlaziye ukuthi i-US ingakhokhela kanjani lolu hlelo (isebenzisa izinombolo ezimaholoholo neziyindilinga, njengoba—ake sithembeke—akekho ochofoze lesi sihloko ukuze afunde isiphakamiso sesabelomali se-excel izinkulungwane zemigqa ubude) :

Okokuqala, ngokuqeda zonke izinhlelo zezenhlalakahle ezikhona, kusukela ekuvikelekeni komphakathi kuya kumshwalense wokuqashwa, kanye nengqalasizinda enkulu yokuphatha kanye nabasebenzi abaqashwe ukuze bayilethe, uhulumeni uzokonga cishe isigidintathu ngonyaka esingaphinde sitshalwe ku-UBI.
Ukuguqula ikhodi yentela ibe yimali engenayo yokutshalwa kwezimali yentela engcono, ukususa izintuba, izindawo zokukhosela intela, nokusebenzisa kahle intela ephansi eqhubekayo kuzo zonke izakhamuzi kuzosiza ukukhiqiza enye imali eyizigidigidi ezingama-50-100 ngonyaka ukuze kuxhaswe i-UBI.
Ukucabanga kabusha lapho ohulumeni bechitha khona imali yabo engenayo nakho kungasiza ukuvala leli gebe lezimali. Isibonelo, i-US iyachitha 600 billion minyaka yonke kwezempi yayo, amazwe angaphezu kwayisikhombisa alandelayo amakhulu achitha imali ehlangene. Ngeke yini kwenzeke ukuphambukisela ingxenye yalolu xhaso ku-UBI?
Uma kubhekwa ithiyori yemali engenayo unomphela kanye nomthelela wokuphindaphinda kwezimali ochazwe ngaphambilini, kungenzeka futhi ukuthi i-UBI izixhase (ingxenye) ngokwayo. Ithriliyoni eyodwa yamadola ehlakazekile kubantu base-US inamandla okukhulisa umnotho ngamadola ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1-200 ngonyaka ngokwenyuka kwezindleko zabathengi.
Bese kuba nendaba yokuthi sichitha malini kumandla. Kusukela ngo-2010, i-US isamba sezindleko zamandla yayingu-$1.205 trillion (8.31% we-GDP). Uma i-US iguqule ukukhiqizwa kwayo kukagesi emithonjeni evuselelekayo ngokugcwele (ilanga, umoya, i-geothermal, njll), futhi yacindezela ukwamukelwa kwezimoto zikagesi, ukonga konyaka bekungaba ngaphezu kokwanele ukuxhasa i-UBI. Eqinisweni, ngaphandle kwaleyo ndaba yokusindisa iplanethi yethu, asikho isizathu esingcono sokutshala imali emnothweni oluhlaza.
Enye inketho ehlongozwe ukuthandwa kwe Bill Gates kanti okunye kuwukwengeza intela yegama kuwo wonke amarobhothi asetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni nasekulethweni kwemikhiqizo noma amasevisi. Izindleko zokonga ngokusebenzisa amarobhothi kubantu kumnikazi wefekthri zizoyidlula kude noma iyiphi intela encane ebekwe ekusetshenzisweni kwala marobhothi. Sizobe sesibuyisela le mali entsha yentela ku-BCI.
Ekugcineni, izindleko zokuphila zesikhathi esizayo zizokwehla kakhulu, ngaleyo ndlela zehlise inani lezindleko ze-UBI kumuntu ngamunye kanye nomphakathi uwonke. Isibonelo, phakathi neminyaka eyi-15, ubunikazi bomuntu siqu bezimoto buzothathelwa indawo ukufinyelela okusabalele ezinsizeni ezizimele zokwabelana ngezimoto (bona Ikusasa Lezokuthutha uchungechunge). Ukukhuphuka kwamandla avuselelekayo kuzokwehlisa kakhulu izikweletu zethu zezinsiza (bona yethu Ikusasa Lamandla uchungechunge). Ama-GMO nezinye izinto ezithatha indawo yokudla zizohlinzeka ngokudla okuyisisekelo okushibhile kubantu abaningi (bona Ikusasa Lokudla uchungechunge). Isahluko sesikhombisa yochungechunge Lwekusasa Lomsebenzi luhlola leli phuzu ngokuqhubekayo.

Iphupho lepayipi le-socialist?

Impikiswano yokugcina eyenzelwe i-UBI ukuthi iyisandiso senhlalakahle yezwe lenhlalakahle kanye ne-anti-capitalist. Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi i-UBI iwuhlelo lwezenhlalakahle lwezenhlalakahle, lokho akusho ukuthi imelene nonxiwankulu.

Eqinisweni, kungenxa yempumelelo engenakuqhathaniswa yonxiwankulu okwenza ukukhiqiza kwethu ngokuhlanganyela kwezobuchwepheshe ngokushesha kufinyelele eqophelweni lapho singabe sisadinga ukuqashwa kwabantu abaningi ukuze kuhlinzekwe izinga lokuphila elichichimayo kuzo zonke izakhamuzi. Njengazo zonke izinhlelo zezenhlalakahle, i-UBI izosebenza njengokulungiswa kobusoshiyali ekudluleleni kobunxiwankulu, ivumele ubunxiwankulu ukuthi buqhubeke busebenza njengenjini yomphakathi yenqubekelaphambili ngaphandle kokuphusha izigidi ekusweleni.

Futhi njengoba nje imibuso yeningi yesimanje yentando yeningi isivele iyingxenye ye-socialist—ichitha imali ezinhlelweni zezenhlalakahle yabantu ngabanye, izinhlelo zezenhlalakahle zamabhizinisi (uxhaso, intela yakwamanye amazwe, ukutakulwa kwezimali, njll.), ukusetshenziswa kwemali ezikoleni nasemitapo yolwazi, ezempi nezimo eziphuthumayo, nokunye okuningi— ukungeza i-UBI kuzomane kube isandiso sesiko lethu lentando yeningi (kanye nemfihlo ye-socialist).

Ukufinyelela eminyakeni yangemva kokuqashwa

Ngakho-ke: Uhlelo lwe-UBI oluxhaswe ngokugcwele olungagcina lusisindise kunguquko ye-automation maduze ukuze lushanele imakethe yethu yezabasebenzi. Eqinisweni, i-UBI ingasiza umphakathi ukuthi wamukele izinzuzo zokonga umsebenzi we-automation, esikhundleni sokuyesaba. Ngale ndlela, i-UBI izodlala indima ebalulekile kumashi yesintu ebheke ekusaseni lenala.

Isahluko esilandelayo sochungechunge lwethu Lwekusasa Lomsebenzi sizohlola ukuthi umhlaba ungabukeka kanjani 47 amaphesenti yemisebenzi yanamuhla iyanyamalala ngenxa yomshini ozishintshayo. Ukusikisela: Akukubi njengoba ubungacabanga. Khonamanjalo, isahluko esilandelayo sochungechunge lwethu Lwekusasa Lomnotho sizohlola ukuthi izindlela zokwelapha ezinwetshiwe zesikhathi esizayo zizosiza kanjani ekusimamiseni umnotho womhlaba.