Izinkambiso eziphusha uhlelo lwethu lwezemfundo lubheke ekushintsheni okukhulu: Ikusasa lemfundo P1

Ukuguqulwa kwezemfundo kuyindawo yokukhuluma edumile, uma kungeyona inkambiso, eyenziwa phakathi nemijikelezo yokhetho, kodwa ngokuvamile ayinakho izinguquko zangempela ezingaboniswa. Ngenhlanhla, lolu sizi lwabaguquli beqiniso bezemfundo ngeke luhlale isikhathi eside. Eqinisweni, amashumi amabili eminyaka ezayo azobona konke lokho kukhuluma kuphenduka kube ushintsho olunzima nolushanelayo.

Kungani? Ngenxa yokuthi inani elikhulu kakhulu lemikhuba ye-tectonic societal, ezomnotho kanye nethekhnoloji isiqala ukuvela ngazwi linye, izitayela ezizophoqa uhlelo lwezemfundo ukuthi luzivumelanise nezimo noma luhlukane ngokuphelele. Okulandelayo ukubuka konke kwalezi zitayela, kusukela kuphrofayili encane kakhulu kuye kweningi kakhulu.

Ubuchopho obuguqukayo be-Centennials budinga amasu amasha okufundisa

Bazalwa phakathi kuka-~2000 no-2020, futhi ikakhulukazi izingane zika- Gen Xers, intsha yanamuhla eyikhulunyaka maduzane izoba iqoqo lezizukulwane elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Sebevele bamele amaphesenti angu-25.9 wabantu base-US (2016), i-1.3 billion emhlabeni jikelele; futhi lapho ithimba labo liphela ngo-2020, bazomela abantu abaphakathi kwezigidigidi ezi-1.6 kuya kwezi-2 emhlabeni wonke.

Kuqale kuxoxwe ngo isahluko sesithathu bakithi Ikusasa Labantu uchungechunge, isici esiyingqayizivele mayelana nekhulunyaka (okungenani labo abavela emazweni athuthukile) ukuthi isikhathi sabo sokunaka sinciphile safinyelela kumasekhondi angu-8 namuhla, uma kuqhathaniswa nemizuzwana eyi-12 ngo-2000. lokhu kushoda kokunaka. 

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingqondo zekhulunyaka ziya ziba abakwazi ukuhlola izihloko eziyinkimbinkimbi nokubamba ngekhanda inani elikhulu ledatha (okungukuthi izici amakhompyutha angcono kuzo), kuyilapho sebeba nekhono kakhulu ekushintsheni phakathi kwezihloko eziningi nemisebenzi ehlukahlukene, nokucabanga okungaqondile (okungukuthi izici ezihlobene nomcabango ongaqondakali amakhompyutha okwamanje anenkinga nawo).

Le miphumela imele izinguquko ezinkulu endleleni izingane zanamuhla ezicabanga futhi zifunda ngayo. Izinhlelo zemfundo yokucabanga phambili zizodinga ukuhlela kabusha izitayela zazo zokufundisa ukuze zisebenzise amandla okuqonda ayingqayizivele e-Centennials, ngaphandle kokuwacisha emikhubeni yokukhumbula engasasebenzi kanye neyesikhathi esedlule.

Ukwenyuka kweminyaka yokuphila kukhulisa isidingo semfundo yempilo yonke

Kuqale kuxoxwe ngo isahluko sesithupha ochungechungeni lwethu Lwekusasa Lenani Labantu, ngo-2030, uchungechunge lwemithi yokwengeza impilo eyisisekelo kanye nokwelapha kuzongena emakethe okungeke nje kukhulise iminyaka yokuphila komuntu ojwayelekile kodwa futhi kubuyisele emuva imiphumela yokuguga. Abanye ososayensi kulo mkhakha babikezela ukuthi labo abazalwa ngemva kuka-2000 bangase babe isizukulwane sokuqala ukuphila kuze kube yiminyaka engu-150. 

Nakuba lokhu kungase kuzwakale kushaqisa, khumbula ukuthi labo abahlala emazweni asethuthukile kakade sebeyibonile isilinganiso sabo sobude bokuphila sikhuphuka sisuka ku-~35 ngo-1820 saya ku-80 ngo-2003. mhlawumbe, 80 ingase ibe entsha 40. 

Kodwa njengoba ungase uqagele, okubi kwalokhu kukhula kweminyaka yokuphila ukuthi umqondo wethu wesimanje weminyaka yokuthatha umhlalaphansi uzophelelwa yisikhathi maduzane—okungenani ngo-2040. Cabanga ngalokhu: Uma uphila uze ufike eminyakeni eyi-150, ayikho indlela ukusebenza ngayo. iminyaka engama-45 (kusukela eminyakeni engama-20 ukuya eminyakeni yobudala engama-65) izokwanela ukuxhasa iminyaka yokuthatha umhlalaphansi cishe eyikhulu. 

Esikhundleni salokho, umuntu ojwayelekile ophila kuze kube ngu-150 kungase kudingeke asebenze eminyakeni yakhe eyi-100 ukuze akwazi ukukhokhela umhlalaphansi. Futhi phakathi naleso sikhathi, kuzovela ubuchwepheshe obusha, ubungcweti, nezimboni eziphoqa abantu ukuthi bangene esimweni sokufunda njalo. Lokhu kungase kusho ukuya emakilasini avamile kanye nama-workshops ukugcina amakhono akhona njengamanje noma ukubuyela esikoleni njalo emashumini ambalwa eminyaka ukuze uthole iziqu ezintsha. Lokhu kusho nokuthi izikhungo zemfundo zizodinga ukutshala imali eningi ezinhlelweni zazo zabafundi abavuthiwe.

Ukuncipha kwevelu yedigri

Inani leziqu zasenyuvesi nasekolishi liyehla. Ikakhulukazi lokhu kuwumphumela wezomnotho oyisisekelo wokufuna ukunikezwa: Njengoba amadigri evame kakhulu, ashintshela ebhokisini lokuhlola elidingekayo kunokuba kube umehlukanisi oyinhloko emehlweni omphathi oqashayo. Uma kubhekwa lesi simo, ezinye izikhungo zicubungula izindlela zokugcina inani leziqu. Lokhu yinto esizoyixoxa esahlukweni esilandelayo.

Ukubuya kwezentengiselwano

Kuxoxwe ku isahluko sesine bakithi Ikusasa Lomsebenzi ochungechungeni, emashumini amathathu eminyaka ezayo azobona ukwanda kwesidingo sabantu abafundele amakhono ezandla. Cabangela la maphuzu amathathu:

• Ukuvuselelwa kwengqalasizinda. Inqwaba yemigwaqo yethu, amabhuloho, amadamu, amapayipi amanzi/indle, kanye nohlelo lwethu lukagesi lwakhiwe eminyakeni engaphezu kwengama-50 edlule. Ingqalasizinda yethu yakhelwe esinye isikhathi futhi izisebenzi zokwakha zakusasa kuzodingeka zishintshe ingxenye enkulu yazo kule minyaka eyishumi ezayo ukugwema izingozi ezinkulu zokuphepha komphakathi.
• Ukuzivumelanisa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ngokufanayo, ingqalasizinda yethu ayizange nje yakhelwe esinye isikhathi, futhi yakhelwe isimo sezulu esipholile kakhulu. Njengoba ohulumeni bomhlaba bephuza ukwenza izinqumo ezinzima ezidingekayo ukulwa nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu, amazinga okushisa ezwe azoqhubeka ekhuphuka. Sekukonke, lokhu kusho ukuthi izifunda zomhlaba zizodinga ukuvikela ehlobo elishintshayo, ubusika obuminyene yiqhwa, izikhukhula ezinamandla, iziphepho ezinamandla, nokukhuphuka kwamazinga olwandle. Ingqalasizinda ezindaweni eziningi zomhlaba izodinga ukuthuthukiswa ukuze kulungiselelwe lezi zimo ezeqisayo zemvelo ezizayo.
• Ukubuyiselwa kwezakhiwo eziluhlaza. Ohulumeni bazophinde bazame ukulwa nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu ngokunikeza izibonelelo eziluhlaza kanye nekhefu lentela ukuze babuyisele isitokwe sethu samanje sezakhiwo zezohwebo nezindawo zokuhlala ukuze zisebenze kahle.
• Amandla esizukulwane esilandelayo. Ngo-2050, ingxenye enkulu yomhlaba kuyodingeka ishintshe ngokuphelele igridi yayo yamandla eguga kanye nezitshalo zamandla. Lokhu bazokwenza ngokushintsha le ngqalasizinda yezamandla bafake izinto ezishibhile, ezihlanzekile, nezikhulisa amandla kabusha, ezixhunywe igridi ehlakaniphile yesizukulwane esilandelayo.

Yonke le miklamo yokuvuselela ingqalasizinda mikhulu futhi ayikwazi ukunikezwa abantu bangaphandle. Lokhu kuzomela iphesenti elikhulu lokukhula kwemisebenzi esikhathini esizayo, lapho ikusasa lemisebenzi liba lifiphele. Lokho kusiletha kumathrendi ethu ambalwa okugcina.

Iziqalo zaseSilicon Valley zibheke ukunyakazisa umkhakha wezemfundo

Ngokubona isimo sohlelo lwezemfundo lwamanje, uchungechunge lweziqalo seluqala ukuhlola ukuthi ungaphinde unjiniyela kanjani ukulethwa kwemfundo esikhathini esiku-inthanethi. Njengoba kuhlolisiswa kabanzi ezahlukweni zakamuva zalolu chungechunge, lezi ziqalo zisebenzela ukuletha izinkulumo, ukufundwa, amaphrojekthi kanye nokuhlolwa okujwayelekile ngokuphelele ku-inthanethi ngomzamo wokunciphisa izindleko nokwenza ngcono ukufinyelela emfundweni emhlabeni wonke.

Iholo elintengantengayo kanye nokwehla kwamandla emali kwabathengi kuqhuba isidingo semfundo

Kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-1970 kuze kube namuhla (2016), ukukhula kwemali engenayo kumaphesenti angama-90 aphansi abantu baseMelika kusele. ikakhulukazi flat. Khonamanjalo, ukwehla kwamandla emali phakathi naleso sikhathi kuye kwadlondlobala njengoba amanani abathengi ekhuphuka cishe izikhathi ezingama-25. Ezinye izazi zezomnotho zikholelwa ukuthi lokhu kungenxa yokusuka kwe-US ku-Gold Standard. Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izincwadi zomlando zisitshelani, umphumela uwukuthi namuhla izinga lokungalingani kwengcebo, kokubili e-US nasemhlabeni, liyafinyelela. ukuphakama okuyingozi. Lokhu kungalingani okukhulayo kucindezela labo abanamandla (noma ukufinyelela emalini yokuthenga ngesikweletu) ukuthi baye emazingeni aphezulu kakhulu emfundo ukuze bakhuphuke ngezinga lezomnotho, kodwa njengoba iphuzu elilandelayo lizobonisa, nalokho kungase kungenele. 

Ukukhula kokungalingani kuyaqiniswa ohlelweni lwezemfundo

Ukuhlakanipha okujwayelekile, kanye nohlu olude lwezifundo, kusitshela ukuthi imfundo ephakeme iwukhiye wokubalekela ugibe lobumpofu. Kodwa-ke, nakuba ukufinyelela emfundweni ephakeme sekuye kwavunyelwa kakhulu ngentando yeningi kula mashumi eminyaka ambalwa adlule, kusasele uhlobo "lwe-class ceiling" oluqala ukukhiya ezingeni elithile lokuhlukaniswa komphakathi. 

Encwadini yakhe, I-Pedigree: Abafundi Be-Elite Bayithola Kanjani Imisebenzi Ye-Elite, u-Lauren Rivera, uprofesa ohlanganyele e-Kellogg School of Management e-Northwestern University, uchaza ukuthi abaphathi abaqashayo e-US ehola i-ejensi yokubonisana, amabhange okutshalwa kwezimali, kanye namafemu omthetho bavame ukuqasha iningi lemisebenzi yabo evela emanyuvesi aphezulu e-15-20 esizweni. Izikolo zokuhlolwa kanye nezinga lomlando wokuqashwa eduze naphansi kokucatshangelwa kokuqashwa. 

Uma kubhekwa le mikhuba yokuqasha, amashumi eminyaka azayo angase aqhubeke nokubona ukwanda kokungalingani kweholo lomphakathi, ikakhulukazi uma iningi lama-Centennials kanye nabafundi abavuthiwe ababuyayo bangavalelwa ngaphandle kwezikhungo ezihamba phambili zesizwe.

Ukukhuphuka kwezindleko zemfundo

Isici esikhulayo endabeni yokungalingani okukhulunywe ngayo ngenhla ukukhuphuka kwezindleko zemfundo ephakeme. Njengoba kuhlanganiswe ngokuqhubekayo esahlukweni esilandelayo, lokhu kwehla kwamandla emali sekuphenduke indawo yokukhuluma eqhubekayo phakathi nokhetho nendawo eyandayo emalini yabazali eNyakatho Melika.

Amarobhothi asezontshontsha ingxenye yayo yonke imisebenzi yabantu

Hhayi-ke, mhlawumbe hhayi ingxenye, kodwa ngokusho kwamuva Umbiko we-Oxford, amaphesenti angu-47 emisebenzi yanamuhla azoshabalala ngeminyaka yawo-2040, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yomshini ozishintshayo.

Njengoba ifakwe njalo emaphephandabeni futhi yahlolisiswa kahle ochungechungeni lwethu Lwekusasa Lomsebenzi, lokhu kuthathwa kwe-robo kwemakethe yezabasebenzi akunakugwemeka, nakuba kwenzeka kancane kancane. Amarobhothi nezinhlelo zamakhompiyutha ezikwaziyo ngokwandayo zizoqala ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi yamakhono aphansi, yezandla, njengaleyo yasezimbonini, ekulethwa kwezidingo kanye nomsebenzi wokuhlanza. Okulandelayo, bazolandela imisebenzi yamakhono aphakathi ezindaweni ezifana nezokwakha, ukudayisa kanye nezolimo. Futhi-ke bazolandela imisebenzi yekhola emhlophe kwezezimali, accounting, computer science nokunye. 

Kwezinye izimo, yonke imisebenzi izonyamalala, kwabanye, ubuchwepheshe buzothuthukisa ukukhiqiza kwesisebenzi kuze kube seqophelweni lapho ungeke udinge abantu abaningi ukuze wenze umsebenzi. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukungasebenzi kwesakhiwo, lapho ukulahleka kwemisebenzi kubangelwa ukuhlelwa kabusha kwezimboni kanye noshintsho lwezobuchwepheshe.

Ngaphandle kokuhlukile okuthile, ayikho imboni, inkambu, noma umsebenzi ophephe ngokuphelele kusukela kumashi eya phambili yobuchwepheshe. Futhi kungalesi sizathu ukuguqula imfundo kuphuthuma kakhulu namuhla kunanini ngaphambili. Ukuqhubekela phambili, abafundi bazodinga ukufundiswa ngamakhono amakhompiyutha azabalaza nawo (amakhono omphakathi, ukucabanga okusungulayo, ukuhlukahluka) kuqhathaniswa nalawa lapho abaphumelele khona (ukuphindaphinda, ukukhumbula, ukubala).

Sekukonke, kunzima ukubikezela ukuthi yimiphi imisebenzi engaba khona esikhathini esizayo, kodwa kungenzeka kakhulu ukuqeqesha isizukulwane esilandelayo ukuze sivumelane nanoma yini ikusasa elisibekele yona. Izahluko ezilandelayo zizodingida izindlela ezizothathwa wuhlelo lwethu lwezemfundo ukuze lizivumelanise nalezi zindlela ezibalwe ngenhla ezimelene nalo.

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