Ukutholwa kwe-eDNA: Isithwebuli sebhakhodi yemvelo yezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• Mashi 12, 2024

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Ubuchwepheshe be-Environmental DNA (eDNA) bungasiza ekuhlonzweni kusenesikhathi kwezinhlobo zezilwane ezihlaselayo kanye nemizamo yokulondoloza. Le ndlela ihlaziya izinto eziphilayo ezishiya ngemuva futhi ingakwazi ukuhlonza izinhlobo zezilwane futhi ikhuthaze ukuphathwa ngendlela efanele. Amandla e-eDNA adlulela ngale kwezinselele zamanje zezemvelo, ukuthuthukisa izifundo zezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ukusekela izimboni ezisimeme, kanye nokuqondisa ukwenziwa kwenqubomgomo ngemininingwane enemininingwane ngempilo ye-ecosystem.

Ingqikithi yokutholwa kwe-eDNA

Njengoba ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kanye nokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke kwezomnotho kuqhuba izinhlobo ezihlaselayo ezindaweni zasolwandle, izindlela zokugada zendabuko ziya ngokuya ziba nomkhawulo. Lezi zindlela ezivamile zivame ukubhekana nobunzima bokuthola lezi zinhlobo kusenesikhathi futhi zingaphazamisa i-ecosystem ezihlose ukuyivikela. Ngokuphambene, ubuchwepheshe be-DNA (i-eDNA) yezemvelo, obaziwa ngokuzwela kanye nemvelo engahlaseli, bungakhomba ngokunembile izinhlobo ezihlaselayo ezindaweni eziminyana eziphansi, okuvumela ukungenelela okufika ngesikhathi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamasu okuphatha asebenzayo. Lobu buchwepheshe benziwa ngokuqoqa nokuhlaziya izinhlobo zezinto zofuzo ezizishiya ngemuva endaweni yazo.

Ucwaningo lwango-2023 olwenziwa ososayensi baseShayina lwagqamisa ukuba wusizo kwe-eDNA ukuqapha izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini, ikakhulukazi e-East Asia. Isibonelo, i-China yamukela isu le-4E (imfundo, ukuphoqelela, ubunjiniyela, nokuhlola), ukuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe be-eDNA ukuze kukhuliswe ukubhekwa nokuthuthukiswa kwenqubomgomo yokulawula izinhlobo ezihlaselayo zasemanzini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe bokulandelana komkhiqizo ophezulu bungahlaziya izingxube ze-DNA ezinhlotsheni eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa, kuthuthukise ukuhlolwa kokuhlukahluka kwemvelo.

Ubuchwepheshe be-eDNA bungasiza futhi ososayensi baqonde imvelo yasendulo. Ngo-2022, ithimba labacwaningi labika kwezeMvelo ukuthi basebenzise lobu buchwepheshe ukuhlela iminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-2 ye-DNA evela eNyakatho yeGreenland. Imiphumela yembule i-ecosystem yomlando, enikeza imininingwane engakaze ibonwe esikhathini esedlule kanye nokugxuma okubalulekile ekutadisheni imiphakathi yakudala yebhayoloji. 

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Lobu buchwepheshe bungathuthukisa ukuqonda kwethu izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nemvelo, okuthinta ngokuqondile imisebenzi yokuzijabulisa, amanani ezakhiwo, kanye nempilo yomphakathi. Isibonelo, ukuqapha okuthuthukisiwe kwemithombo yamanzi kungaholela ezindaweni zokubhukuda eziphephile kanye nemithombo yokuphuza. Lo mkhuba uphinde unike amandla isayensi yezakhamizi, lapho abangebona ochwepheshe befaka isandla ekuqaphelweni kwemvelo kanye nemizamo yokonga. Njengoba ukwanda kokuqwashisa ngemvelo, abantu ngabanye bangase bahileleke kakhulu emisebenzini yokongiwa kwemvelo nasekukhulumeni, bekhuthazwa idatha yesikhathi sangempela.

Kwezolimo, ezokudoba, ezokubonisana ngemvelo, kanye namabhizinisi e-biotechnology, ukutholwa kwe-eDNA kunikeza imisebenzi esimeme kakhudlwana nokuhambisana nemithethonqubo yezemvelo. Izinkampani zingaqapha ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo emazweni azo noma kuma-ecosystem aseduze, zihlole umthelela wemisebenzi yazo futhi zinciphise izingozi ezihlobene nokulahlekelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zemvelo. Leli khono lingazisa amasu okusetshenziswa kwezinsiza okusimeme, lithuthukise isithunzi phakathi kwabathengi nabatshalizimali, kanye nezindleko eziphansi zomthetho nezokusebenza ezihlobene nokulimala kwemvelo. Ukwengeza, izimboni ezithembele ezinhlotsheni ezithile zezinto zokusetshenziswa zingasebenzisa i-eDNA ukulandelela inala nempilo yalezi zibalo, iqondise izinqubo zokuvuna ezisimeme.

Ohulumeni bangasebenzisa ukutholwa kwe-eDNA ukwazisa ukwenziwa kwenqubomgomo, amasu okonga, kanye nokuthotshelwa kwemithetho, banikeze indlela eguquguqukayo nesabelayo ekuphathweni kwemvelo. Lobu buchwepheshe buvumela futhi ukuqapha okunembe kakhudlwana nangesikhathi kwezindawo ezivikelwe, izilwane ezisengozini, kanye nempumelelo yezinyathelo zokongiwa kwemvelo. Kungase futhi kudlale indima ebalulekile ekuvikelekeni kwemvelo emngceleni, ukuthola izinhlobo ezihlaselayo ngaphambi kokuba zisungulwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutholwa kwe-eDNA kungasekela izivumelwano ngokuhlukahluka kwemvelo, kunikeze ithuluzi elabelwe lokuqapha okuhlosiwe kwezemvelo emhlabeni wonke.

Imithelela yokutholwa kwe-eDNA

Imithelela ebanzi yokutholwa kwe-eDNA ingase ihlanganise: 

• Ukuqapha kwe-eDNA ekuphathweni kwezindawo zokudoba okuholela emikhubeni yokudoba esimeme kanye nemvelo yasolwandle enempilo.
• Izinkampani ezisebenzisa ukuhlaziywa kwe-eDNA ukuze zilawule ikhwalithi embonini yokudla, ziqinisekise imikhiqizo ephephile kanye nokunciphisa izifo ezitholakala ekudleni.
• Izikhungo zemfundo ezihlanganisa izifundo ze-eDNA kukharikhulamu, zakha isizukulwane esisha sososayensi esigxile ekongiweni kwemvelo kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
• Imithetho yokumisa ukuqoqwa kwe-eDNA nezindlela zokuhlaziya, ukuthuthukisa ukunemba kwedatha nokuqhathanisa kuzo zonke izifundo.
• Izinhlangano zezempilo zomphakathi ezisebenzisa ukulandelela kwe-eDNA ukuze ziqaphe futhi zilawule ukusabalala kwezifo ezithathelwanayo, okuholela ezimpendulweni zezempilo zomphakathi ezisebenza ngempumelelo.
• Amakhithi okuhlaziya e-eDNA aphathekayo okwenza ukuqapha kwemvelo kufinyeleleke kwabangebona ososayensi, ukuqoqwa kwedatha yedemokhrasi kanye nokuphathwa kwemvelo.
• Ama-NGO wezemvelo asebenzisa idatha ye-eDNA ukuze akhulumele izindawo ezivikelekile, okuholela ekusungulweni kwezindawo ezintsha zokongiwa kwemvelo.
• Imboni yezokuvakasha yamukela i-eDNA njengethuluzi lokuqapha nokuphatha umthelela wezokuvakasha ezindaweni zemvelo, ukukhuthaza izinqubo zokuvakasha ezinomthwalo wemfanelo nezisimeme.
• Abahleli basemadolobheni abasebenzisa idatha ye-eDNA kumaphrojekthi wengqalasizinda eluhlaza, ukuthuthukisa ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo yasemadolobheni kanye nokwenza ngcono izinga lokuphila lezakhamuzi.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ubuchwepheshe be-eDNA bungayithinta kanjani imizamo yakho yasendaweni yokongiwa kwezilwane zasendle?
• Ukuthuthuka kwe-eDNA kungakushintsha kanjani ukuphepha kokudla kanye nempilo yomphakathi emphakathini wakho?