Izenzo zesayensi nobuchwepheshe bezizwe ngezizwe: Umjaho wokubusa umhlaba wonke

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• August 7, 2023

Amaphuzu avelele okuqonda

Amazwe asebenzisa amasu ezizwe ngezizwe kwezesayensi, ezobuchwepheshe, kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqina nokubhekana nezinselele zomhlaba. Kodwa-ke, ukwanda kokubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe kuphakamisa izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi zamalungelo empahla yengqondo, ubunikazi bempumelelo nokutholwayo, kanye nokucatshangelwa kokuziphatha. Noma kunjalo, lokhu kubambisana komhlaba wonke kungakhuthaza ukutshalwa kwezimali okwandisiwe kwezemfundo yesayensi, ezobuchwepheshe, ezobunjiniyela, nezibalo (STEM) nokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi.

Umongo wezenzo zesayensi nobuchwepheshe

Ngo-2022, inhlangano engachemile, i-Atlantic Council, yabhala imemo inxusa uhulumeni wase-US ukuthi akhe amasu avela emazweni amaningi okubusa ezobuchwepheshe phakathi nokuncintisana okukhulayo neChina. I-US idinga ukusebenzisa isu "lokuvikela" kanye "nokugijima ngokushesha" ukuze iqhudelane ngempumelelo ne-China emikhakheni yezobuchwepheshe. Izinqubomgomo ezifana nokulawula ukuthekelisa kanye nezinswinyo ("vikela") zingase zidale ukungasebenzi, izindlela "ezisebenza ngokushesha" ezifana nokukhuthazwa yizimboni okufanele kubhekane nazo. 

Ukusebenzisa lezi zinqubomgomo emaceleni amaningi kunokusebenzisa uhlangothi olulodwa kuphumelela kakhulu, kuqinisekisa ukubambisana kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe. Abenzi benqubomgomo sebeqalile ukwenza amasu okulwisana nokufuna ukubusa kobuchwepheshe baseShayina, ngezingxoxo eziyimpumelelo ezibanjwe ezithangamini zamazwe ngamazwe njenge-US-European Union (EU) Technology and Trade Council (TTC) kanye neQuadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad). Izinqubomgomo zezimboni ezifana ne-CHIPS kanye Nomthetho Wesayensi, kanye nezilawuli ezintsha kuma-semiconductors, kumelela inhlanganisela yamasu "ogijima ngokushesha" kanye "nokuvikela".

Khonamanjalo, i-EU isebenzisa amasu ayo ahlukahlukene kwezesayensi, ezobuchwepheshe, kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha (STI). Inyunyana icabanga ukuthi i-STI ezinqubweni zakwamanye amazwe kanye nezokuphepha ingathuthukisa ukuqina nokuzimela okunesu elikhulu ngenkathi ibhekana ngokuphumelelayo nezinselelo ezifana nobhubhane lwe-COVID-19 nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Inyunyana iphinde yagqamisa ukuthi inkululeko yezemfundo, izimiso zokuziphatha zocwaningo, ukulingana ngokobulili, kanye nesayensi evulekile emhlabeni oxubile, lapho ukusebenzelana kwezizwe ngezizwe okusekelwe emithethweni kusongelwa abadlali bangaphandle abagxambukela ezifundweni, kuya ngokuya kubaluleke kakhulu.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Elinye lamaphuzu abalulekile enkulumo-mpikiswano ezenzweni zezizwe ngezizwe amalungelo empahla yobuhlakani. Isibonelo esisezingeni eliphezulu izishoshovu nososayensi banxusa izinkampani ezenza imithi ukuthi ziyeke amalungelo azo obunikazi emithini yokugomela i-COVID ukuze zisize amazwe anemali engenayo ephansi ukuthi athuthukise ukunikezwa kwawo. I-Big Pharma ixhase izifundo ngezimali futhi yasebenzisana nososayensi bomhlaba wonke kanye nezikhungo zocwaningo ukuze kusheshiswe ukuthuthukiswa kwemithi yokugomela i-mRNA, futhi abanye bacabanga ukuthi kuwukuziphatha okuhle kuphela ukuthi bangakhiyeli lokhu kutholwa okusindisa ukuphila ngemuva kwe-paywall.

Izinkinga ezinjengalezi zingase zibhebhetheke njengoba kumiswa izenzo eziningi ezihlangene. Ubani umnikazi wempumelelo nokutholakele? Ubani onqumayo ukuthi lezi zinto eziqanjiwe zingenziwa kanjani ezentengiso noma zenziwe kanjani imali? Kuthiwani ngemithi ebalulekile, njengekhambi lomdlavuza noma isifo sikashukela? Kwenzekani kuzigcinilwazi zofuzo ezisetshenziswa phakathi nezifundo zomtholampilo zomhlaba wonke? Lokhu kukhathazeka kumele kukhulunywe ngokusobala yilokhu kubambisana, ikakhulukazi uma kuhilela ukunakekelwa kwezempilo emhlabeni wonke noma izixazululo zokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.

Kodwa-ke, umthelela omuhle walokhu kusebenzisana okwandayo emhlabeni wonke ukuthi kungase kukhule ukutshalwa kwezimali ku-STEM, kungaba kwezemfundo noma ukuqeqeshwa kwezabasebenzi. Ngokusho kwe-Atlantic Council, ukuqagela okuzayo kwe-China ukukhiqiza okwengeziwe kwe-STEM Ph.D. abaneziqu kune-US ngo-2025 ibonisa ukusebenza kahle kokugxila kwayo kwezemfundo. Le ntuthuko iphakamisa ukuthi amazwe angase adinge ukuhlola kabusha futhi ngokunokwenzeka aqinise amasu awo kwezemfundo nobuchwepheshe ukuze ahambisane nesivinini.

Imithelela yezenzo zesayensi nobuchwepheshe bezizwe ngezizwe

Imithelela ebanzi yezenzo zesayensi nobuchwepheshe bezizwe ngezizwe ingase ihlanganise: 

• Ukwenyuswa kokwabelana ngolwazi, ukubambisana kocwaningo, kanye nokuthuthukiswa ngokuhlanganyela kobuchwepheshe obusha okuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwesayensi okusheshiswayo kuyo yonke imithi, amandla, ezolimo, nezinye izindawo ezibalulekile.
• Ukukhula komnotho ngokugqugquzela izinto ezintsha kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe. Ngokuhlanganisa izinsiza nobungcweti, amazwe angathuthukisa izimboni ezintsha, akhe imisebenzi enenani eliphezulu, futhi ahehe ukutshalwa kwezimali emikhakheni esafufusa.
• Izinkundla zokuxoxisana ngamanxusa, ukukhuthaza ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokwakha ukwethembana phakathi kwezizwe. Ngokusebenzisana ngezinhloso zesayensi ezabiwe, amazwe angaqinisa ubudlelwano bezepolitiki, axazulule izingxabano, futhi amise izinhlaka zokubhekana nezinselele zomhlaba.
• Amaphrojekthi ocwaningo ahlanganyelwe aholela entuthukweni ekunakekelweni kwezempilo, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni kobude bempilo kanye nezinguquko eziguquguqukayo zenani labantu, njengenani labantu eliguga noma ukuguquka kwamazinga okuzala.
• Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha noguquko, njengobuhlakani bokwenziwa, i-nanotechnology, kanye ne-biotechnology, enemithelela efinyelela kude ekunakekelweni kwezempilo, ezokuthutha, nezokuxhumana.
• Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obuqhubekayo, izixazululo zamandla avuselelekayo, kanye nezindlela ezintsha zokunciphisa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukuvikela ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo, kanye nokukhuthaza ukongiwa kwemvelo.
• Ukunciphisa igebe lolwazi lomhlaba wonke, ukuthuthukisa ukufinyelela entuthukweni yesayensi, nokukhuthaza intuthuko ebandakanya bonke abantu, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezintulayo noma emiphakathini encishwe amathuba.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Uma usebenza ku-STEM, yimaphi amaphrojekthi ocwaningo omhlaba ahlangene obamba iqhaza kuwo?
• Amazwe angaqinisekisa kanjani ukuthi lokhu kubambisana kwezizwe ngezizwe kubangela izinsiza zomphakathi ezithuthukisiwe?