Ama-Superbugs: Inhlekelele yezempilo ezayo yomhlaba wonke?

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Ama-Superbugs: Inhlekelele yezempilo ezayo yomhlaba wonke?

Ama-Superbugs: Inhlekelele yezempilo ezayo yomhlaba wonke?

Umbhalo wesihlokwana
Imithi elwa namagciwane iya ngokuya ingasebenzi njengoba ukumelana nemithi kusabalala emhlabeni jikelele.
    • About the Author:
    • Igama lomlobi
      I-Quantumrun Foresight
    • February 14, 2022

    Isifinyezo sokuqonda

    Usongo lwamagciwane aqala ukumelana nemithi elwa namagciwane, ikakhulukazi ama-antibiotics, kuwukukhathazeka okukhulayo kwezempilo yomphakathi. Ukumelana nemithi elwa namagciwane, okuholela ekwandeni kwama-superbugs, kudale ubungozi bokuphepha kwezempilo emhlabeni wonke, ngesexwayiso seNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene sokuthi ukumelana nama-antimicrobial kungabangela ukufa kwezigidi ezingu-10 ngo-2050.

    Superbug umongo

    Emakhulwini amabili eminyaka adlule, imithi yesimanje iye yasiza ekuqedeni izifo eziningi ebeziwusongo kubantu emhlabeni wonke. Kuyo yonke ikhulunyaka lamashumi amabili, ikakhulukazi, izidakamizwa ezinamandla kanye nokwelapha kwasungulwa okwenza abantu baphile impilo enempilo futhi ende. Ngeshwa, amagciwane amaningi aseguqukile futhi awazweli kule mithi. 

    Ukumelana nemithi elwa namagciwane kuye kwaphumela enhlekeleleni yezempilo esondelayo emhlabeni wonke futhi kwenzeka lapho amagciwane, njengamagciwane, isikhunta, amagciwane, nezimuncagazi, eguquka ukuze amelane nemiphumela yemithi elwa namagciwane. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, imishanguzo elwa namagciwane yenziwa ingasebenzi futhi ngokuvamile idinga ukusetshenziswa kwezigaba eziqinile zemithi. 

    Amagciwane amelana nemithi, ngokuvamile aziwa ngokuthi “ama-superbugs,” avele ngenxa yezici ezifana nokusetshenziswa kabi kwemithi elwa namagciwane kwezokwelapha nakwezolimo, ukungcoliswa kwezimboni, ukulawulwa kokutheleleka okungasebenzi, kanye nokuntuleka kokufinyelela emanzini ahlanzekile nokukhucululwa kwendle. Ukumelana kukhula ngokuguquguquka kofuzo okuzizukulwane eziningi kanye noguquko kumagciwane, okunye okwenzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo, kanye nokudluliswa kolwazi lofuzo kuzo zonke izinhlobo.
     
    Ama-Superbugs angase avimbele imizamo yokwelapha ngempumelelo izifo ezivamile futhi abangele ukuqubuka okuningana okusekelwe esibhedlela eminyakeni yamuva. Ngokusho kwe-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), lezi zinhlobo zithelela abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-2.8 futhi zibulala abantu abangaphezu kuka-35,000 e-United States unyaka ngamunye. Lezi zinhlobo sezilokhu zitholakala ngokuzungeza emiphakathini, ezibeka engcupheni enkulu yezempilo. Ukulwa nokumelana nama-antimicrobial kubalulekile njengoba inkinga inamandla okuphuma ekulawuleni, njengoba i-AMR Action Fund iveza ukuthi ukufa kwabantu ngenxa yezifo ezimelana nama-antibiotic kungase kunyuke kuye cishe ezigidini eziyi-10 ngonyaka ngo-2050.

    Umthelela ophazamisayo

    Naphezu kosongo oluvela emhlabeni wonke lwama-superbugs, ama-antibiotics asasetshenziswa kabanzi, hhayi nje ukwelapha izifo zabantu kodwa nasembonini yezolimo. Ukwanda kwedatha, nokho, kubonisa ukuthi izinhlelo ezisekelwe esibhedlela ezinikezelwe ekulawuleni ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic, ngokuvamile ezaziwa ngokuthi “Izinhlelo Zokuphatha I-Antibiotic Stewardship,” zingathuthukisa ukwelashwa kwezifo futhi zinciphise izehlakalo ezimbi ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic. Lezi zinhlelo zisiza odokotela ukuthi bathuthukise ikhwalithi yokunakekelwa kwesiguli kanye nokuphepha kwesiguli ngokwandisa amazinga okwelapha ukutheleleka, ukunciphisa ukwehluleka kokwelashwa, nokwandisa imvamisa yencwadi kadokotela efanele yokwelashwa kanye ne-prophylaxis. 

    I-World Health Organization iphinde yakhuthaza isu eliqinile, elibumbene eligxile ekuvimbeleni nasekutholweni kwemithi emisha. Kodwa-ke, okuwukuphela kwendlela etholakalayo njengamanje yokulwa nokuvela kwama-superbugs ukuvikela nokulawula ukutheleleka ngempumelelo. Lawa maqhinga enza kube nesidingo sokuthi kumiswe umkhuba wokunikezwa kwemithi ngokweqile kanye nokusetshenziswa kabi kwama-antibiotic ochwepheshe bezokwelapha, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi iziguli zisebenzisa ama-antibiotic anqunyiwe ngokuwathatha njengoba kubonisiwe, ukuqeda inkambo eshiwo, nokungawabelani. 

    Ezimbonini zezolimo, ukukhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwemithi elwa namagciwane ekwelapheni imfuyo egulayo kuphela, nokungawasebenzisi njengezici zokukhula kwezilwane kungase kube semqoka ekulweni nokungazweli kwamagciwane. 

    Njengamanje, ukwakhiwa okusha nokutshalwa kwezimali kuyadingeka ocwaningweni lokusebenza, kanye nasocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwemishanguzo emisha elwa namagciwane, imigomo, namathuluzi okuxilonga, ikakhulukazi lawo aqondise amagciwane abalulekile egram-negative afana ne-Enterobacteriaceae engamelana ne-carbapenem ne-Acinetobacter baumannii. 

    Isikhwama Sesenzo Sokumelana Namagciwane, i-Antimicrobial Resistance Multi-Partner Trust Fund, kanye ne-Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership zingase zibhekane negebe lezezimali ekuxhaseni ngezimali izinhlelo zocwaningo. Ohulumeni abaningana, okuhlanganisa labo baseSweden, eJalimane, e-United States nase-United Kingdom, bahlola amamodeli okubuyisela ukuze bakhe izixazululo zesikhathi eside ekulweni nama-superbugs.

    Imiphumela yama-superbugs

    Imiphumela ebanzi yokumelana nama-antibiotic ingase ihlanganise:

    • Ukuhlala isikhathi eside esibhedlela, izindleko zokwelashwa eziphakeme, kanye nokunyuka kokufa.
    • Ukuhlinzwa kokufakelwa izitho zomzimba kuba yingozi ngokwandayo njengoba abamukeli bezitho ezithintekile amasosha omzimba bangase bangakwazi ukulwa nezifo ezisongela ukuphila ngaphandle kwama-antibiotics.
    • Ukwelashwa nezinqubo ezifana nokwelapha ngamakhemikhali, ukuhlinzwa, kanye ne-appendectomies kuba yingozi kakhulu ngaphandle kwama-antibiotic asebenzayo okuvimbela nokwelashwa kwezifo. (Uma amagciwane engena egazini, angabangela i-septicemia esongela ukuphila.)
    • Inyumoniya iya ivame kakhulu futhi ingase ibuye njengoba yayiyibulala kakhulu, ikakhulukazi kubantu asebekhulile.
    • Ukumelana nemithi elwa namagciwane kumagciwane ezilwane angaba nomthelela omubi oqondile empilweni nenhlalakahle yezilwane. (Izifo ezithathelwanayo ezibangelwa amagciwane zingadala nokulahlekelwa kwezomnotho ekukhiqizweni kokudla.)

    Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

    • Ingabe ucabanga ukuthi impi yokulwa nama-superbugs iyindaba yesayensi nemithi noma indaba yomphakathi nokuziphatha?
    • Ucabanga ukuthi ubani okufanele ahole ekushintsheni kokuziphatha: isiguli, udokotela, imboni yezemithi yomhlaba wonke, noma abenzi bezinqubomgomo?
    • Uma ucabangela usongo lokumelana nemithi elwa namagciwane, ucabanga ukuthi imikhuba efana ne-antimicrobial prophylaxis yabantu abanempilo “abasengozini” kufanele ivunyelwe iqhubeke?

    Izinkomba zokuqonda

    Izixhumanisi ezilandelayo ezidumile nezikhungo zibhekiselwe kulo mbono:

    I-World Health Organization Ukumelana ne-antimicrobial
    Izindaba Ezokwelapha Ayini ama-Superbugs?
    Ukuphathwa Kwezokudla Nezidakamizwa e-US Ukulwa Nokumelana Nama-Antibiotic