Amaphasipoti wokugoma wedijithali: Ukukhuthaza ukugoma noma ukwephula amalungelo abantu?

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• November 17, 2021

Amaphasipoti okugomela idijithali, aklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukugonyelwa i-COVID-19 noma imiphumela yokuhlolwa engemihle yakamuva, asephenduke inkambiso yomhlaba wonke, ukulolonga kabusha uhambo, ukuhweba, nempilo yomphakathi. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuthuthukiswa kuqubule izinkulumompikiswano ngobumfihlo, amalungelo abantu ngabanye, kanye nokungalingani kwezenhlalo okungaba khona. Njengoba sizulazula kulezi zinselele, inkambiso ingase iqhubekisele phambili ukuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe, idale amathuba amasha emisebenzi, futhi isheshise izinguquko kunqubomgomo nezindlela zokuhamba.

Iphasipoti yokugoma yedijithali

NgoJulayi 2021, i-European Union (EU) yaqala ukuqaliswa kokusetshenziswa kohlelo lokuthola isitifiketi sokugoma eselula nesephepheni, eklanyelwe ukusiza ukweqa imingcele ye-EU ngaphandle kwesidingo semikhawulo noma ukuvalelwa. Leli “pasi” belitholakala kubantu abagonyiwe, abasanda kuhlolwa ukuthi abanayo i-COVID-19, noma abeluleme kuleli gciwane. Lolu hlelo beluhlose ukwenza lula uhambo nohwebo ngaphakathi kwe-EU, kanti futhi luqinisekisa ukuphepha kwezakhamizi zayo ngokunciphisa ubungozi bokudluliselwa. Isibonelo somhlaba wangempela salokhu kwaba ukuqaliswa kwesistimu efanayo e-France, e-UK, e-China, nase-Israel, lapho kwakudingeka khona ipasipoti yokugoma yedijithali ukuze ufinyelele izindawo zomphakathi, njengama-nightclub, izindawo zokudlela, kanye nezithuthi zomphakathi.

ENyakatho Melika, ezinye izifundazwe zaseCanada kanye nezifundazwe zase-US nazo zamukela ezazo izinguqulo zamaphasipoti wokugomela idijithali. Lezi zinhlelo, nakuba zihluka ngokucacisiwe, ngokuvamile zisebenza ngomgomo ofanayo: ukunikeza ubufakazi bokugoma noma imiphumela yakamuva yokuhlolwa engemihle ukuze kube lula ukufinyelela kumasevisi athile noma izindawo. Lo mkhuba awunazo izinselele, nokho. 

Ucwaningo lwango-2022 olushicilelwe ku-Healthcare lwagqamisa ukukhathazeka kobumfihlo okungenzeka okuhlobene nokugcinwa okumaphakathi kolwazi oluzwela isiguli, njengesimo sokugoma noma imiphumela yokuhlolwa. Lolu cwaningo luphakamise uhlelo olusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-blockchain ukusekela imizamo yezempilo enganciphisa ukusabalala kwezifo ze-COVID-19, ikakhulukazi esimweni sokuqinisekisa amaphasipoti edijithali. Lolu hlelo lusebenzisa izinkontileka ezihlakaniphile ezakhiwe futhi zahlolwa ne-Ethereum ukuze kugcinwe ipasipoti yezempilo yedijithali ukuze ihlolwe nabathatha imithi yokugoma.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Ukwethulwa kwamaphasipoti okugomela idijithali ngempela sekuqubule inkulumompikiswano yomhlaba wonke, nokukhathazeka okusukela ezindabeni zobumfihlo kuya ekubandlululweni okungaba khona kwalabo abangagonyiwe. Kubantu ngabanye, le nqubo ingase iholele kokujwayelekile okusha lapho ubufakazi bokugoma buba yimfuneko yokubamba iqhaza ezicini ezithile zempilo yomphakathi. E-France, i-Pass Sanitaire ihlangabezene nemibhikisho, ekhombisa ukuthi kungenzeka kube nezinxushunxushu zombango ngenxa yalezi zinqubomgomo.

Izinkampani, ikakhulukazi lezo ezisemikhakheni yezokuvakasha nezokuvakasha, zingase zizithole zizulazula endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi yezinqubomgomo zesifunda nezezwe ezahlukene. E-US, lapho i-White House ikuqinisekisile ukuthi ngeke ikhiphe ipasipoti kazwelonke yokugomela idijithali, amabhizinisi angase adinge ukuthuthukisa izinqubomgomo zawo mayelana nobufakazi bokugoma kumakhasimende. Lokhu kuthambekela kungase kuholele ekuhlanganisweni kwezimfuneko ezweni lonke, okungase kube nzima ukuhwebelana kwamazwe kanye nokuvakasha. Kodwa-ke, kungase futhi kugqugquzele ukuqanjwa kabusha, ngamabhizinisi athuthukisa amasistimu amasha nobuchwepheshe bokuqinisekisa isimo sokugoma kahle nangokuvikelekile.

Ezingeni likahulumeni, ukulinganisa isidingo sokuvikela impilo yomphakathi nokuhlonipha amalungelo nenkululeko yomuntu ngamunye kuwumsebenzi obucayi. Izimpendulo ezixubile ezivela kosopolitiki, njengokungazinqumeli kukaNdunankulu wase-Australia uScott Morrison kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sikaNdunankulu wase-Ontario u-Doug Ford, kubonisa ubunkimbinkimbi balolu daba. Ohulumeni kungase kudingeke bacabangele amanye amasu, njengokuhlinzeka ngezinketho zokuhlola ezifinyeleleka kalula nezithengekayo, ukuze kugwenywe ukucwasa okungaba khona kulabo abangagonyiwe.

Imithelela yephasiphothi yomgomo wedijithali

Imithelela ebanzi yamaphasiphothi wokugoma wedijithali ingabandakanya:

• Amazwe amaningi adinga amaphasipoti okugomela idijithali kubavakashi abangebona abasekhaya. 
• Izikhungo zesevisi, njengezitolo ezinkulu nezindawo zokudlela, zidala izigaba ezihlukene zabagonyiwe nabangakagonywa.
• Izinkampani eziningi ezidinga abasebenzi ukuthi babe namaphasipoti okugomela idijithali noma ukunqanyulwa kwengozi.
• Umphakathi obhekene nezinsiza zomphakathi ezikhubazekile esikhathini esiseduze njengoba izikhungo zikahulumeni kanye nezinsizakalo eziphuthumayo bephoqeleka ukuthi bayeke umsebenzi noma baxoshe iphesenti elikhulu labasebenzi bomphakathi abenqabayo ukugoma.
• Ushintsho oluya ohlelweni lwezempilo olufakwe kwidijithali kakhudlwana, oluholela ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe obusha nezinkundla zokuphatha nokuqinisekisa idatha yezempilo.
• Ukwakhiwa kwamathuba emisebenzi emisha njengoba isidingo sezixazululo zezempilo ezidijithali kanye nezinhlelo zokuphatha idatha sikhula.
• Ukuvela kwezingxoxo-mpikiswano ezintsha zezombusazwe kanye nezinselelo zenqubomgomo, njengoba ohulumeni bebhekana nokulinganisa izidingo zezempilo zomphakathi namalungelo kanye nenkululeko yomuntu ngamunye.
• Amathuba ezinguquko kumaphethini okuvakasha, njengoba amazwe anamazinga aphezulu okugoma angase abe izindawo ezikhanga kakhulu.
• Ukwehliswa kwemibhalo ebonakalayo okuholela ekumoshweni kwephepha okuncane kanye nokukhishwa kwekhabhoni ephansi okuhambisana nokukhiqizwa nokulahlwa kwawo.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ucabanga ukuthi amaphasipoti okugomela idijithali ahlukumeza amalungelo abantu? Kungani noma kungani kungenjalo?
• Ngaphandle kwamaphasipoti okugomela idijithali, ucabanga ukuthi amazwe angakuphatha kanjani ukuhamba ngesikhathi sobhubhane?