I-psychosis eyabiwe: Lapho i-disinformation idala ukukhohlisa kweqembu

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• October 14, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Ukuhlanganiswa kwezombusazwe kanye nobuchwepheshe kubangela inkinga yengqondo ehlanganyelwe, lapho amanga nezinkolelo-mbono zozungu zikholisa abaningi ngokushesha, ngokuvamile ngaphandle kobufakazi obuqinile. Lesi senzakalo, esaziwa ngokuthi i-psychosis eyabiwe, asisisha kodwa sithole indawo yokuzalanisa enamandla ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, okuvumela ukusabalala okusheshayo kwenkohliso yeqembu ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuxhumana okuqondile komuntu siqu. Ukukhohlisa okunjalo okusabalele, okuvame ukugqugquzelwa izimangalo ezingamanga kanye nokuvumelana komphakathi, kuye kwaholela ezenzakalweni ezibalulekile zezombusazwe kanye nokwehlukana komphakathi, okubekela inselele isisekelo seqiniso nokwethemba emiphakathini yethu.

Umongo wengqondo eyabiwe

Ezombusazwe nobuchwepheshe kuye kwaholela enkingeni eyingqayizivele yokwabelana ngengqondo, lapho abantu bekholiswa kalula ngamanga, imibono yozungu, nenhlebo. Abantu abaningi bayathonywa ngaphandle kobufakazi obuqinile; ngenxa yalokho, ama-memes, izindaba ezingamanga, nama-propaganda bots kuye kwasiza abanye abezombangazwe ukuba bakhe umphakathi wamanga, ukukhathazeka, ukwesaba, nokungathembani. Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okwabelwana ngakho kwenzeka lapho abantu abaphile kahle ngokwengqondo bephindaphinda ukuhlangana nomuntu okhohlisayo, futhi ukukhohlisa kusakazekela kubo njengokungathi kuyathathelwana.

Ngokukachwepheshe wezengqondo kanye noprofesa waseWest Virginia University uDale Hartley, uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwengqondo ehlanganyelwe i- folie a deux (igama lesiFulentshi elisho “ukuhlanya kwababili”). Odokotela bengqondo baseFrance uJean-Pierre Falret noCharles Lasègue baba ngabokuqala ukuqamba igama lalesi sifo ngekhulu le-19. Lokhu kukhohlisa okuhlanganyelwe kuhilela abantu ababili, ngokuvamile indoda nomfazi, abahlala ndawonye. Lapho i-psychosis eyabiwe isakazeka kubantu abangaphezu kwababili, iba yi-folie a plusiers (ukuhlanya kwabaningi).  

I-psychosis eyabiwe esatshalaliswa izinkundla zokuxhumana iwukuhluka okuyingozi kwe-folie a plusiers. Ukukhohlisa kweqembu kuvame ukwakheka ngokuthintana komuntu siqu okuseduze nokuphindaphindiwe. Kodwa-ke, uma kucatshangelwa amandla ezinkundla zokuxhumana ukuze kubangele ukucasuka, uqhekeko, nokwesaba, ukusondelana komuntu siqu akusadingeki ukuze kugqugquzelwe ukudangala kwengqondo. 

Kunezizathu ezimbili zokuthi kungani izisulu zingakholelwa izimangalo ezingamanga: 

1. ngoba izitatimende ezimbi neziwuzungu zihambisana nalokho abafuna ukukuzwa (okungukuthi, ukuchema kokuqinisekisa), noma 
2. ngoba babona ontanga yabo abaningi bemukela la maqhinga ngaphandle kokubuza (okungukuthi, ukuhambisana). 

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Ikakhulukazi, izehlakalo ezimbili zibe yisibonelo sokuthi ukukhungatheka kwengqondo okwabelwanayo kungaholela kanjani ezinxushunxushwini zezombusazwe. Okokuqala ukuvuka kuka-QAnon, isisekelo sabalandeli abafana nehlelo labalandeli abakholelwa ukuthi uDonald Trump wayelwa ngasese neqembu lomhlaba wonke lamademoni kaSathane namaDemocrats ngo-2017. Kubalandeli abakhohlisayo, imibono yozungu ka-"Q," ongaziwa, othi ukuba umuntu ongaphakathi kuhulumeni osezingeni eliphezulu, amukelwa “njengeqiniso levangeli.”

Ngokusho kuka-QAnon, leli qembu likaSathane lalihlanganisa uMengameli uJoe Biden, u-Hilary Clinton, owayenguMengameli u-Barack Obama, nosaziwayo abambalwa. I-QAnon's fanbase isakazeka njengegciwane ngokusebenzisa imithombo yezindaba yezenhlalo ne-right-wing. Yize i-QAnon itholakala e-US, abanye ochwepheshe baphawula ukuthi igqugquzelwe imikhankaso yangaphandle yokukhipha ulwazi, ikakhulukazi izinkumbulo zezepolitiki kanye nemibhikisho eyenziwa ngaphandle kwezwe.

Esinye isibonelo esiphezulu se-psychosis okwabelwana ngayo kwakunguJanuwari 6, 2020, umbhikisho wase-US Capitol ogqugquzelwa nguDonald Trump. Ngesikhathi kuqhubeka umbhikisho, abalandeli bakaTrump abangaphezu kuka-2,000 bagasela eCapitol Hill, bangena ngaphakathi, bacekela phansi, basongela amalungu ambalwa eDemocratic Party. Ezinye izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo zithi lesi sigameko sidalwe nguTrump ukusebenzisa kabi amandla akhe ukuze abe nomthelela kubalandeli be-paranoid. Ngokwezazi zokusebenza kwengqondo, uma umuntu obonisa izimpawu zesifo sengqondo noma ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo ebekwe esikhundleni sokuphatha, isimo sakhe singadlulela kwabanye ngokuxhumana ngokomzwelo. Lokhu kuvezwa kungaqinisa izinkinga ezikhona zempilo yengqondo futhi kubangele ukuduka, ukudideka, nodlame kubantu abaphile saka ngaphambilini. Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokwelapha lokhu kuchayeka ngokususa umuntu esikhundleni sakhe esinamandla. 

Imithelela ye-psychosis eyabiwe

Imithelela ebanzi ye-psychosis eyabiwe ingase ihlanganise: 

• Ukusetshenziswa kwamavidiyo e-deepfake namazwi akhiqiziwe kubhebhethekisa amathiyori etulo amnandi kakhulu.
• Osopolitiki abengeziwe abasebenzisa izinkundla zokuxhumana ukwenza imikhankaso yokusabalalisa ulwazi nge-disinformation ukukhuthaza imibono yabo nozungu. Le mikhankaso ingaholela odlameni lwangempela lomhlaba olubhekiswe kwabancane namalungu eqembu lezepolitiki eliphikisayo.
• Ukwehlukana okwengeziwe kwezinqubomgomo zomphakathi.
• Ukwanda kokumelana nezinkambiso namaqiniso omphakathi asunguliwe emphakathini othile.
• Ukwakhiwa okukhulisiwe kwamaqembu avaliwe ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zemiyalezo ebethelwe efana nokuqukethwe kwe-WhatsApp yokwabelana ngolwazi lwe-disinformation.
• Ingcindezi eyengeziwe ezinkundleni zokuxhumana ukuze kuqashwe amakhasi weqembu namaqembu okuxoxa nganoma yimiphi imilayezo engalungile nenodlame.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Iyiphi enye indlela i-psychosis eyabelana ngayo ingaba nomthelela kanjani kwezepolitiki nezinqubomgomo zezwe?
• Yini uhulumeni angayenza ukuze avimbele udlame oluzayo olubangelwa ukuhlangana kwengqondo okuhlanganyelwe?