I-Teleportation: Kungenzeka endaweni ye-quantum physics ukunika amandla ukudluliswa kwedatha okusheshayo

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• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• February 12, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

I-Quantum teleportation, okwamanje engokoqobo kuphela ngezinhlayiya ze-subatomic, inesithembiso soshintsho endleleni esiqonda ngayo nesisebenzisa ngayo ubuchwepheshe. Lesi simo singavumela ukudluliswa kwedatha okusheshayo, okuvikelekile, kube nomthelela ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene kusukela kwezempilo kuye kwezamabhange futhi kunikeze izinzuzo kubantu ngabanye, izinkampani, kanye nohulumeni. Kodwa-ke, imithelela yayo ebanzi ingase ibangele izinguquko ezibalulekile emphakathini wonke, njengocwaningo olwengeziwe lwe-quantum physics, ukuphepha okuthuthukisiwe kokudluliswa kwedatha yedijithali, namashifu ezimakethe zezabasebenzi.

Ingqikithi ye-Quantum teleportation

I-teleportation yezinto ezibonakalayo ikhona kuphela enganekwaneni yesayensi (okwamanje). Kodwa-ke, abacwaningi bathole ukuthi i-teleportation ingenzeka emhlabeni we-subatomic we-quantum mechanics. Emhlabeni we-quantum, i-teleportation ibhekisela ekuthuthweni kolwazi lwe-quantum ngokusebenzisa i-quantum entanglement. 

Ku-quantum computing, i-quantum teleportation inika amandla ukudluliswa kolwazi. Ikhompuyutha evamile iqukethe izigidigidi zama-transistors, abizwa ngama-bits, kuyilapho amakhompyutha e-quantum ehlanganisa ulwazi ngamabhithi e-quantum noma ama-qubits. I-bit inenani elilodwa kanambambili lika-"0" noma "1," kodwa ama-qubits angaba kokubili "0" kanye "no-1" ngesikhathi esisodwa. 

Inqubo ye-quantum teleportation ukudluliswa okungekho emzimbeni kwezifunda ze-quantum ukusuka endaweni eyodwa kuya kwenye ngesivinini sokukhanya. Ngo-2020, abacwaningi abavela e-US bathola imiphumela evelele ngokuthunyelwa kude kwama-qubits enziwe ngama-photons. Bakhombise ukuthuthwa kwama-qubits kunethiwekhi ye-fiber-optic engu-44km, besebenzisa izitholi ze-photon eyodwa kanye nemishini engekho eshalofini. Okwamanje, ososayensi bane-teleported qubits kuphela, njengoba bewucezu olulula lolwazi lwe-quantum oluvumela inhlayiya ukuba ibe sezifundeni ezimbili ngesikhathi esisodwa. 

Umthelela Ophazamisayo

I-teleportation yolwazi lwe-quantum ingashintsha indlela esisebenzisana ngayo nobuchwepheshe nsuku zonke. Cabanga nje ukwazi ukuthumela nokwamukela idatha ngokushesha nangokuvikelekile. Isibonelo, kungase kusho ukuthi udokotela waseNew York angathola ulwazi lwesikhathi sangempela mayelana nesiguli e-Los Angeles, okungenzeka asize ekuxilongeni ngokushesha nasezinhlelweni zokwelashwa. Ngisho nemisebenzi elula efana nokuthenga noma ukubhanga ingahle ihlelwe ngokudluliswa kwedatha okusheshayo, okuphephile, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ulwazi lwabasebenzisi.

Izinkampani nazo zizohlomula kakhulu kulolu shintsho. Thatha isibonelo sokuphathwa kwempahla nokuphathwa kwe-supply chain - ukulandelela ngesikhathi sangempela kwezimpahla kungase kufinyelele izinga lokunemba elingakaze libonwe ngaphambili. Amabhizinisi angenza i-inventory efika ngesikhathi ibe ngokoqobo, yonga amanani abalulekile emali ekugcinweni nasekulahlekelweni. Ukwengeza, ukuvikeleka okuthuthukisiwe okuvela ku-quantum teleportation kungavikela ulwazi lwebhizinisi olubucayi ekuhlaselweni kwe-cyber, kunikeze izinga elisha lokuphepha kwedijithali.

Ohulumeni bangasebenzisa i-quantum teleportation ukuze banikeze izinsiza zomphakathi ezingcono. Isibonelo, amayunithi okuphendula izimo eziphuthumayo angathola ulwazi olubalulekile ngokushesha, okungenzeka asindise izimpilo eziningi. Ukuphathwa kwengqalasizinda nakho kungase kuthuthuke, njengoba idatha yesikhathi sangempela ingasiza ekulungiseni ngokushesha, ekwehliseni izindleko nasekuthuthukiseni ukuphepha komphakathi. Emhlabeni jikelele, ukuxhumana okuvikelekile kwezamanxusa kungakhuthaza ubudlelwano obungcono bamazwe ngamazwe, kunciphise ubungozi obuhlobene nezinhlobo zokuxhumana zendabuko. 

Imithelela ye-quantum teleportation

Imithelela ebanzi ye-quantum teleportation ingafaka: 

• Ucwaningo olwengeziwe ku-quantum physics olubandakanya izifunda ezijikelezayo zazo zonke izinto, hhayi nje ama-photon, ukuthola amandla awusizo kakhudlwana wama-electron kuma-qubit semiconductors.
• Ama-algorithms wokubethela athuthukisiwe futhi kwandise ukuphepha kokudluliswa kwedatha yedijithali.
• Inethiwekhi ye-quantum yamazwe ngamazwe evumela ukudluliswa okusheshayo kolwazi lwe-quantum kunoma yiliphi ibanga.
• Vikela iziteshi zokuxhumana phakathi koMhlaba nezindawo eziphumayo ezizayo enyangeni nakuMars.
• Ukuba negalelo kwezomnotho ezisebenza kahle, okungase kukhuphule ukukhula kanye nokwehlisa izindleko zokusebenza kuzo zonke izimboni.
• Ohulumeni ababhekene nezinselele ekugadweni nasekugcinweni komthetho, okudinga ukuthi kwakhiwe izinhlaka zenqubomgomo nemithethonqubo emisha ukuze kugcinwe ukuphepha kwezwe.
• Izinguquko ezimakethe zezabasebenzi, ngesidingo esikhulayo se-quantum physics nochwepheshe.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Imiphi eminye imithelela yomphakathi okungenzeka ukuthi i-quantum teleportation ibe nayo uma isifezeke ngokugcwele? 
• Ingabe ohulumeni kufanele balawule ukudluliswa kolwazi lwe-quantum ngenxa yesimo sakhona esivikeleke kakhulu nesingenakwephulwa?
• I-quantum teleportation ingaba negalelo kanjani ekudaleni ubuchwepheshe obusha kwezinye izimboni?