Idatha yokwenziwa: Ukudala amasistimu e-AI anembile kusetshenziswa amamodeli akhiqiziwe

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• Kwangathi 4, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Idatha yokwenziwa, ithuluzi elinamandla elinezinhlelo zokusebenza kusukela ekunakekelweni kwezempilo kuye ekuthengiseni, ilungisa kabusha indlela amasistimu e-AI athuthukiswa ngayo futhi asetshenziswe ngayo. Ngokuvumela ukudalwa kwamadathasethi ahlukahlukene nayinkimbinkimbi ngaphandle kokufaka ulwazi olubucayi engozini, idatha yokwenziwa ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kuzo zonke izimboni, igcina ubumfihlo, futhi yehlise izindleko. Kodwa-ke, iphinde iveze izinselelo, ezifana nokusetshenziswa kabi okungase kube khona ekudaleni imidiya ekhohlisayo, ukukhathazeka kwemvelo okuhlobene nokusetshenziswa kwamandla, kanye nokushintshashintsha kwemakethe yezabasebenzi okudingeka ukulawulwa ngokucophelela.

Ingqikithi yedatha yokwenziwa

Sekungamashumi eminyaka, idatha yokwenziwa ibikhona ngezindlela ezihlukene. Ingase itholakale kumageyimu ekhompuyutha njengezilingisi zendiza kanye nasemifanekisweni yefiziksi ebonisa yonke into kusukela kuma-athomu kuya kumagalaksi. Manje, idatha yokwenziwa isetshenziswa ezimbonini ezifana nezokunakekelwa kwempilo ukuze kuxazululwe izinselele zomhlaba wangempela ze-AI.

Ukuthuthuka kwe-AI kuyaqhubeka nokubhekana nezithiyo ezimbalwa zokuqalisa. Amasethi edatha amakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, ayadingeka ukuze kulethwe okutholakele okuthembekile, angachemi, futhi athobele imithetho eqinile yobumfihlo bedatha. Phakathi kwalezi zinselele, idatha yezichasiselo edalwe izifaniso zekhompuyutha noma izinhlelo ziye zavela njengenye indlela yedatha yangempela. Le datha edalwe yi-AI, eyaziwa ngokuthi idatha yokwenziwa, ibalulekile ekuxazululeni izinkathazo zobumfihlo nokuqeda ukucwasa njengoba ingaqinisekisa ukuhlukahluka kwedatha okubonisa umhlaba wangempela.

Abasebenzi bezempilo basebenzisa idatha yokwenziwa, njengesibonelo, ngaphakathi komkhakha wezithombe zezokwelapha ukuze baqeqeshe amasistimu e-AI kuyilapho begcina ubumfihlo besiguli. Inkampani yokunakekelwa kwe-virtual, u-Curai, ngokwesibonelo, yasebenzisa amacala ezokwelapha okwenziwa angama-400,000 ukuqeqesha i-algorithm yokuxilongwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abathengisi abafana no-Caper basebenzisa ukulingisa kwe-3D ukuze benze isethi yedatha yokwenziwa yezithombe eziyinkulungwane kusukela emikhiqizweni emincane emihlanu. Ngokocwaningo lukaGartner olukhishwe ngoJuni 2021 olugxile kudatha yokwenziwa, idatha eminingi esetshenziswa ekuthuthukisweni kwe-AI izokhiqizwa ngokungemthetho ngomthetho, amazinga ezibalo, ukulingisa, noma ezinye izindlela ngo-2030.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Izinsiza zokwenziwa zedatha ekugcineni ubumfihlo kanye nokuvimbela ukwephulwa kwedatha. Isibonelo, isibhedlela noma inkampani ingase inikeze unjiniyela idatha yezokwelapha yokwenziwa yekhwalithi ephezulu ukuze aqeqeshe isistimu yokuxilongwa komdlavuza esekelwe ku-AI—idatha eyinkimbinkimbi njengedatha yomhlaba wangempela lolu hlelo oluhloselwe ukuyitolika. Ngale ndlela, abathuthukisi banamadathasethi wekhwalithi okufanele bawasebenzise lapho beklama futhi behlanganisa isistimu, futhi inethiwekhi yesibhedlela ayifaki ingozi yokufaka engozini idatha yezokwelapha ebucayi, yesiguli. 

Idatha yokwenziwa ingavumela futhi abathengi bedatha yokuhlola ukuthi bafinyelele ulwazi ngentengo ephansi kunamasevisi avamile. Ngokuka-Paul Walborsky, owasungula i-AI Reverie, elinye lamabhizinisi edatha yokwenziwa azinikele, isithombe esisodwa esibiza u-$6 kusuka kusevisi yokulebula singenziwa ngomgunyathi ngamasenti ayisithupha. Ngokuphambene, idatha yokwenziwa izovula indlela yedatha engeziwe, ehlanganisa ukungeza idatha entsha kudathasethi ekhona yomhlaba wangempela. Onjiniyela bangazungezisa noma bakhanyise isithombe esidala ukuze benze esisha. 

Okokugcina, uma kucatshangelwa izinkathazo zobumfihlo kanye nemikhawulo kahulumeni, ulwazi lomuntu siqu olukhona kusizindalwazi luya ngokuya lushaywa umthetho futhi luyinkimbinkimbi, okwenza kube nzima ukuthi ulwazi lomhlaba wangempela lusetshenziselwe ukudala izinhlelo ezintsha nezinkundla. Idatha yokwenziwa ingase inikeze onjiniyela isixazululo sokusebenza ukuze bamiselele idatha ebucayi kakhulu.

Imithelela yedatha yokwenziwa 

Imithelela ebanzi yedatha yokwenziwa ingase ihlanganise:

• Ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwezinhlelo ezintsha ze-AI, kokubili ngezinga kanye nokuhlukahluka, ezithuthukisa izinqubo ezimbonini eziningi kanye nemikhakha yezokuziphatha, okuholela ekusebenzeni okuthuthukisiwe emikhakheni efana nokunakekelwa kwezempilo, ezokuthutha, kanye nezezimali.
• Ukunika amandla izinhlangano ukuthi zabelane ngolwazi ngokuvuleleka kakhudlwana kanye namaqembu ukuthi asebenzisane futhi asebenze kahle, okuholela endaweni yokusebenza ebumbene kanye nekhono lokubhekana namaphrojekthi ayinkimbinkimbi kalula.
• Onjiniyela nezingcweti zedatha abakwazi ukuthumela i-imeyili noma ukuthwala amasethi amakhulu edatha yokwenziwa kumakhompuyutha abo aphathekayo, bephephile ngokwazi ukuthi idatha ebalulekile ayikho engcupheni, okuholela ezimweni zokusebenza ezivumelana nezimo nezivikelekile.
• Imvamisa encishisiwe yokuphulwa kwe-cybersecurity egciniwe, njengoba idatha eyiqiniso ngeke isadinga ukufinyelelwa noma kwabelwane ngayo ngokuvamile, okuholela endaweni ephephile yedijithali yamabhizinisi nabantu ngabanye ngokufanayo.
• Ohulumeni abathola inkululeko eyengeziwe yokusebenzisa umthetho oqinile wokuphathwa kwedatha ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokukhinyabeza ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezinhlelo ze-AI, okuholela ekusetshenzisweni kwedatha okulawulwa kakhulu futhi okusobala.
• Amandla edatha yokwenziwa ukuze isetshenziswe ngendlela engafanele ekudaleni ama-deepfakes noma enye imidiya ekhohlisayo, okuholela olwazini olunganembile kanye nokuguguleka kokuthembela kokuqukethwe kwedijithali.
• Ushintsho ezimakethe zezabasebenzi, nokuthembela okwengeziwe kudatha yokwenziwa okungenzeka kunciphise isidingo sezindima zokuqoqwa kwedatha, okuholela ekususweni kwemisebenzi emikhakheni ethile.
• Umthelela ongaba khona kwezemvelo wokwanda kwezinsiza zokubala ezidingekayo ukuze kukhiqizwe futhi kuphathwe idatha yokwenziwa, okuholela ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla okuphezulu kanye nokukhathazeka kwemvelo okuhlobene.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Yiziphi ezinye izimboni ezingazuza kudatha yokwenziwa?
• Imiphi imithetho uhulumeni okufanele ayisebenzise mayelana nendlela idatha yokwenziwa eyenziwa ngayo, esetshenziswa, futhi isetshenziswa kanjani?