Idolobha elihlakaniphile kanye Ne-inthanethi Yezinto: Izindawo zasemadolobheni ezixhuma ngedijithali

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• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• July 13, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Amadolobha athuthuka ngokushesha aba izikhungo zasemadolobheni ezihlakaniphile, asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-inthanethi Yezinto (IoT) ukuthuthukisa izinsiza zomphakathi nengqalasizinda. Le ntuthuko iholela ekuthuthukisweni kwezinga lempilo, ekusimameni kwemvelo okukhulu, namathuba amasha ezomnotho. Lolu shintsho luletha nezinselelo kubumfihlo bedatha kanye nezidingo zamakhono amasha kubuchwepheshe nokuvikeleka ku-inthanethi.

Idolobha elihlakaniphile kanye nengqikithi ye-inthanethi Yezinto

Kusukela ngo-1950, inani labantu abahlala emadolobheni liye landa ngokuphindwe izikhathi eziyisithupha, lisuka ezigidini ezingu-751 laya ngaphezu kwezigidigidi ezine ngo-4. Amadolobha kulindeleke ukuthi engeze ezinye izakhamuzi eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2018 phakathi kuka-2.5 no-2020, okuzobeka inselele yokuphatha kohulumeni bamadolobha.

Njengoba abantu abaningi befudukela emadolobheni, iminyango kamasipala yokuhlela amadolobha ingaphansi kwengcindezi eyengeziwe ukuze ihlinzeke ngokuqhubekayo izinsiza zomphakathi ezithembekile. Ngenxa yalokhu, amadolobha amaningi acubungula ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamadolobha ahlakaniphile kumanethiwekhi esimanjemanje okulandela ngomkhondo wedijithali ukuze awasize alawule izinsiza zawo kanye nezinsizakalo. Phakathi kobuchwepheshe obuvumela lawa manethiwekhi kukhona amadivayisi axhunywe ku-inthanethi Yezinto (IoT). 

I-IoT iqoqo lamadivayisi ekhompyutha, imishini yemishini neyedijithali, izinto, izilwane noma abantu abahlome ngezihlonzi ezihlukile kanye nekhono lokudlulisa idatha ngenethiwekhi ehlanganisiwe ngaphandle kokudinga ukuxhumana phakathi komuntu nekhompyutha noma umuntu nomuntu. Ngomongo wamadolobha, amathuluzi e-IoT afana namamitha axhunyiwe, ukukhanya kwemigwaqo, nezinzwa asetshenziselwa ukuqoqa nokuhlaziya idatha, ebese isetshenziselwe ukuthuthukisa ukuphathwa kwezinsiza zomphakathi, izinsizakalo, nengqalasizinda. 

I-Europe iyizwe elihamba phambili emhlabeni ekuthuthukisweni kwamadolobha amasha. Ngokwe-IMD Smart City Index 2023, amadolobha ayisishiyagalombili kwangu-10 ahlakaniphile emhlabeni wonke aseYurophu, kanti iZurich ihola phambili. Inkomba isebenzisa i-Human Development Index (HDI), okuyimethrikhi eyinhlanganisela ehlanganisa iminyaka yokuphila, amazinga emfundo, kanye nemali engenayo yomuntu ngamunye ukuze kuhlolwe intuthuko yezwe iyonke. 

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe be-IoT ezindaweni zasemadolobheni kuholela ezinhlelweni ezintsha ezithuthukisa ngqo ikhwalithi yempilo yabahlali basemadolobheni. E-China, izinzwa zekhwalithi yomoya ze-IoT zinikeza isibonelo esisebenzayo. Lezi zinzwa ziqapha amazinga okungcoliswa komoya futhi zithumela izexwayiso kubahlali ngezaziso ze-smartphone uma ikhwalithi yomoya yehlela kumazinga ayingozi. Lolu lwazi lwesikhathi sangempela lunikeza abantu amandla okunciphisa ukuchayeka kwabo emoyeni ongcolile, okungenzeka kunciphise izehlakalo zezifo zokuphefumula kanye nezifo.

Amagridi kagesi ahlakaniphile amele olunye uhlelo olubalulekile lwe-IoT ekuphathweni kwedolobha. Lawa magridi enza abahlinzeki bakagesi bakwazi ukuphatha kahle ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla, okuholela ekwehleni kwezindleko zokusebenza kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza ngempumelelo. Umthelela wemvelo nawo uyabonakala; ngokuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kukagesi, amadolobha angehlisa ukukhishwa kwawo kwamagesi abamba ukushisa, ikakhulukazi lawo avela ezimbonini zamandla ezisekelwe kuphethiloli. Ukwengeza, amanye amadolobha asebenzisa amasistimu okugcina amandla okuhlala kanye namaphaneli elanga axhumeka kugridi ehlakaniphile, enciphisa ukucindezelwa kwegridi ngezikhathi zesidingo esikhulu futhi enze abanikazi bezindlu bakwazi ukugcina amandla ukuze bawasebenzise kamuva noma badayisele amandla elanga asele bawabuyisele kugridi.

Abanikazi bezindlu ababamba iqhaza ekugcinweni kwamandla nasezinhlelweni zamaphaneli elanga bangajabulela inzuzo ekabili: banikela ohlelweni lwamandla oluzinzile kuyilapho bekhiqiza imali engenayo. Le mali engenayo ingaqinisa ukuzinza kwabo kwezezimali, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zokungaqiniseki kwezomnotho. Emabhizinisini, ukwamukelwa kwamagridi ahlakaniphile kuhumusha ezindlekweni zamandla eziqagelekayo nezinamandla aphansi, ezingathuthukisa umgomo wawo oyinhloko. Ohulumeni bayazuza futhi, njengoba lobu buchwepheshe bukhuthaza amadolobha esimeme kakhudlwana, bunciphisa izindleko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ezihlobene nezifo ezihlobene nokungcola, futhi bukhuthaze ukuzimela kwamandla.

Imithelela yamadolobha asebenzisa izinhlelo ze-IoT zedolobha elihlakaniphile

Imithelela ebanzi yokuphatha amadolobha amaningi esebenza ngobuchwepheshe be-IoT ingabandakanya:

• Ushintsho ezindleleni zokuphila zasemadolobheni luye ekuqwashiseni okwengeziwe ngemvelo, oluqhutshwa idatha yesikhathi sangempela mayelana nezimo zemvelo zendawo kanye nemikhondo yekhabhoni ngayinye.
• Ukwanda kokwamukelwa kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo ngabanikazi bezindlu, okugqugquzelwa yizisusa zezezimali zokuthengisa amandla elanga amaningi abuyiselwe kugridi.
• Ukwakhiwa kwamathuba amasha ezimakethe ku-IoT kanye nemikhakha yamandla avuselelekayo, okuholela ekukhuleni kwamathuba emisebenzi kanye nokuhlukahluka komnotho kulezi zimboni.
• Ohulumeni basekhaya bamukela izinqubo ezisobala kakhulu nezibophezelekile ekuphenduleni ekutholakaleni okwengeziwe kwedatha yasemadolobheni kanye nezinkundla zokubandakanya izakhamizi.
• Ushintsho ekuhleleni amadolobha ukuya ezindleleni eziqhutshwa idatha eyengeziwe, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezokuthutha zomphakathi, ukuphathwa kukadoti, kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwamandla.
• Ukubamba iqhaza okuthuthukisiwe komphakathi nokuxhumana nomphakathi, njengoba izakhamuzi zithola ukufinyelela okulula olwazini nasezinsizeni, kanye namathuba engeziwe okuthonya ukuthathwa kwezinqumo kwasendaweni.
• Ukwenyuka kwesidingo sochwepheshe be-cybersecurity kanye nezingcweti zobumfihlo bedatha, njengoba omasipala bebhekana nokuvikela amanani amakhulu edatha ekhiqizwa ubuchwepheshe bedolobha elihlakaniphile.
• Ukuncipha kancane kancane kokusabalala kwezindawo zasemadolobheni, njengoba ezokuthutha zomphakathi ezisebenza kahle kanye nezinhlelo zikagesi zenza ukuphila kwangaphakathi kwedolobha kukhange nakakhulu futhi kusimeme.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ungavumela uhulumeni wedolobha ukuthi abe nokufinyelela kudatha yakho yokuvakasha uma le datha yokuvakasha isetshenziswa njengengxenye yemizamo yokuthuthukisa ithrafikhi?
• Uyakholelwa ukuthi amamodeli e-IoT edolobha elihlakaniphile angalinganiswa afike ezingeni lapho amadolobha amaningi namadolobhana angathola khona izinzuzo zawo ezahlukahlukene? 
• Yiziphi izingozi zobumfihlo ezihlobene nobuchwepheshe be-IoT obusebenzisa idolobha?