Imijovo yamafu: Isixazululo sasemoyeni sokufudumala komhlaba?

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Imijovo yamafu: Isixazululo sasemoyeni sokufudumala komhlaba?

Imijovo yamafu: Isixazululo sasemoyeni sokufudumala komhlaba?

Umbhalo wesihlokwana
Imijovo yamafu ikhula ngokuduma njengendlela yokugcina yokunqoba impi yokulwa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
    • About the Author:
    • Igama lomlobi
      I-Quantumrun Foresight
    • November 11, 2021

    Imijovo yamafu, indlela eyethula i-iodide esiliva emafwini ukuze ivuse imvula, ingase iguqule indlela yethu yokuphatha imithombo yamanzi nokulwa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Lobu buchwepheshe, nakuba buthembisa ukuqeda isomiso kanye nokusekela ezolimo, buphinde buphakamise ukukhathazeka okuyinkimbinkimbi kwezimiso zokuziphatha kanye nemvelo, njengokuphazamiseka okungase kube khona kwezimiso zemvelo kanye nezingxabano zamazwe ngamazwe mayelana nemithombo yomoya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwamukelwa okusabalele kokuguqulwa kwesimo sezulu kungaholela ekushintsheni okukhulu kwezibalo zabantu, njengoba izifunda ezinezinhlelo eziphumelelayo zingaheha ukuhlaliswa kwabantu okwengeziwe kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali.

    Umjovo wamafu umongo

    Imijovo yamafu isebenza ngokungeza amaconsi amancane e-iodide esiliva kanye nomswakama emafwini. Umswakama ujiya uzungeze i-iodide eyisiliva, wenze amaconsi amanzi. La manzi angaba nzima nakakhulu, abangele iqhwa elivela esibhakabhakeni. 

    Umqondo wokumila kwamafu uvela ekuqhumeni kwentaba-mlilo ethule ebizwa ngokuthi iMount Pinatubo ngo-1991. Ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo kwakha ifu eliwugqinsi eliyizinhlayiyana elalibonisa imisebe yelanga kude noMhlaba. Ngenxa yalokho, izinga lokushisa emhlabeni wonke lehla ngo-0.6C ngalowo nyaka. Abasekeli abashisekayo bembewu yamafu baphakamisa ukuthi ukuphindaphinda le miphumela ngokufaka amafu kungase kubuyisele ukufudumala komhlaba. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi amafu angase asebenze njengesihlangu esikhanyayo esimboze i-stratosphere Yomhlaba. 

    Usosayensi ovelele kule nhlangano, uStephen Salter, ukholelwa ukuthi izindleko zonyaka zendlela yakhe yokutshala amafu zizobiza kancane kunokusingatha iNgqungquthela Yesimo Sezulu ye-UN yaminyaka yonke: isilinganiso esingaba ngu-$100 kuya ku-$200 wezigidi unyaka ngamunye. Le ndlela isebenzisa imikhumbi ukuze ikhiqize imizila yezinhlayiyana esibhakabhakeni, ivumela amaconsi amanzi ukuthi aminyene eduze kwayo futhi akhe amafu “acwebezelayo” anamakhono aphezulu okuvikela. Muva nje, i-China yamukele ukuguqulwa kwesimo sezulu ukuze kusizwe abalimi futhi kugwenywe izinkinga zesimo sezulu esibi ngezikhathi zezenzakalo ezibucayi. Isibonelo, i-China yatshala amafu ilindele ama-Olympics e-Beijing ka-2008 ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isibhakabhaka sihlala sicwebile. 

    Umthelela ophazamisayo 

    Njengoba isomiso siba siningi futhi sibi kakhulu ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, amandla okwenza imvula ngokuzenzela kungase kube into eshintshashintshayo ezifundeni ezinenkinga yokuntuleka kwamanzi. Isibonelo, imikhakha yezolimo, ethembele kakhulu emvuleni engashintshi, ingasebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe ukuze kugcinwe isivuno futhi kuvimbele ukusweleka kokudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakhiwa kweqhwa lokwenziwa kungazuzisa izimboni zezokuvakasha zasebusika ezindaweni lapho iqhwa lemvelo lincipha khona.

    Nokho, ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kokuguqulwa kwesimo sezulu nakho kuphakamisa ukucatshangelwa okubalulekile kokuziphatha kanye nemvelo. Nakuba ukutshala amafu kungadambisa izimo zesomiso endaweni ethile, kungase kubangele ukushoda kwamanzi ngokungazi kwenye ngokushintsha izimo zezulu zemvelo. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kungaholela ezingxabanweni phakathi kwezifunda noma amazwe mayelana nokulawulwa nokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yomoya. Izinkampani ezibandakanyeka kubuchwepheshe bokushintsha isimo sezulu zingase zidinge ukuzulazula kulezi zinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngokunokwenzeka ngokuthuthukiswa kwemithethonqubo nemihlahlandlela eqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa okufanele nokuqhubekayo.

    Ezingeni likahulumeni, ukwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe bokuguqulwa kwesimo sezulu kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekwakhiweni kwenqubomgomo ekulawuleni izinhlekelele kanye nokunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu. Ohulumeni bangase badinge ukutshala izimali ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukiseni lobu buchwepheshe, kanye nengqalasizinda edingekayo ukuze busetshenziswe. Isibonelo, izinqubomgomo zingathuthukiswa ukusekela ukusetshenziswa kwembewu yamafu ekuvimbeleni nasekulawuleni umlilo wehlathi. Ukwengeza, njengengxenye yamasu abo okuzivumelanisa nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, ohulumeni bangase babheke ukuguqulwa kwesimo sezulu njengethuluzi lokulwa nemiphumela yokwanda kwamazinga okushisa nezimo zesomiso.

    Imithelela yemijovo yamafu

    Imithelela ebanzi yemijovo yamafu ingase ihlanganise:

    • Ohulumeni abalinganisa isimo sezulu ngokufaka amafu ezindaweni ezinezimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu nezinhlekelele zemvelo. 
    • Kwehliswe ukushabalala kwezilwane ngokubuyisela isimo sezulu sezindawo ezingaphili. 
    • Ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi okuthembekile, ukunciphisa ingcindezi yomphakathi kanye nokungqubuzana kwemithombo yamanzi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezikhahlamezekile isomiso.
    • Amathuba okukhula komkhiqizo wezolimo ngenxa yezindlela zemvula ezibikezelwayo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemakhaya kanye nemiphakathi yabalimi.
    • Ukuthuthuka nokwanda kobuchwepheshe bokuguqula isimo sezulu kudala amathuba emisebenzi amasha ocwaningweni, kwezobunjiniyela, nakwisayensi yezemvelo.
    • Ukuguqulwa kwamaphethini wesimo sezulu esingokwemvelo ngokusebenzisa amafu okuphazamisa imvelo, okuholela emiphumeleni yemvelo engalindelekile njengokulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
    • Ukulawulwa nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokuguqulwa kwesimo sezulu kuba yinkinga yezombusazwe, engase ibe nezingxabano zamazwe ngamazwe mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yomoya eyabiwe.
    • Ukushintsha kwezibalo zabantu okwenzeka njengoba izifunda ezinezinhlelo eziphumelelayo zokuguqula isimo sezulu ziba zinhle kakhulu ekuhlalisaneni nasekutshalweni kwezimali, okungenzeka kube kubi kakhulu ukungalingani kwezenhlalo phakathi kwezifunda ezinobuchwephese noma ezingenakho ukufinyelela kulobu buchwepheshe.

    Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

    • Ingabe ucabanga ukuthi izinzuzo zokujova amafu zibaluleke kakhulu kunezingozi zabo (njengokusebenzisa izikhali)? 
    • Ingabe ukholelwa ukuthi iziphathimandla zamazwe ngamazwe kufanele zilawule imizamo yokuguqula isimo sezulu emhlabeni wonke?