Impi yolwazi: Impi yemibono yabantu

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• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• October 28, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Impi yolwazi ibaluleke kakhulu kohulumeni bomhlaba kanye nezinhlangano zempi. Leli qhinga linezisusa eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukulawula ukulandisa okungqubuzanayo noma ukuthonya imibono yomphakathi. Imithelela yesikhathi eside yalo mkhuba ingase ihlanganise impi ebandayo ekhulayo phakathi kwamazwe kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI) obusetshenziswa ukudala okuqukethwe okungelona iqiniso.

Umongo wempi yolwazi

Impi yolwazi inomgomo oyinhloko wokuphatha imizwa yabantu kanye nemibono yomhlaba. Imisebenzi yolwazi eqhutshwa nguhulumeni iyimizamo yangamabomu yokuzama ukuthonya ukuziphatha noma imicabango yomuntu othile ngokusebenzisa izinsiza zezwe (ezempi, ezomnotho, ezokusebenzelana, nezolwazi). Lezi zindlela zingabandakanya ukudala izinhlangano ezingamanga ngaphakathi kwesistimu yezepolitiki yomphikisi ukuze kutshalwe ukungabaza noma ukukhiqiza okuqukethwe kwemidiya okuklanyelwe ukuthonya izimo zengqondo zabantu.

Elinye iqhinga elokugcoba abangahambisani nepolitiki ukuze badicilele phansi isithunzi sabo. Ngokusho kwenkampani yabezindaba kanye nocwaningo iFreedom House, ngo-2017, ukusebenza kolwazi kwabamba iqhaza ekulolongeni ukhetho okungenani emazweni ayi-18. Ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kwezokuxhumana eziyinkimbinkimbi ukuze kunukwe imibono yomphakathi sekuyindaba yokuphepha kwezwe.

Impi yolwazi ingase ibe yimbi njengoba abantu abaningi bethola ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi. NgokweWorld Economic Forum ethi “The Global Risks Report 2020,” ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-50 abantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-7.7 baku-inthanethi, kanti isigidi esisodwa singena ku-inthanethi okokuqala ngqa nsuku zonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zabantu emhlabeni wonke zine-smartphone.

Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kunikeza amathuba amaningi ama-ejenti zempi yolwazi ukuthi akhukhule okuqukethwe ngedatha edukisayo noma engaphelele. Abanye baphikisa ngokuthi ukusebenzisa amathuluzi e-inthanethi emikhankasweni yokusabalalisa ulwazi kuwuhlobo olusha “lwempi eyingxubevange.” Umehluko phakathi kwamaqhinga empi yendabuko njengamabhomu nemicibisholo yengezwe ngezindlela ezingezona ezemvelo ezisetshenziselwa ukukhomba imicabango nemizwa. Lolu hlobo lomzimba oncishisiwe empini ludinga izinga eliyingqayizivele lokutshala amasu nokutshalwa kwezimali kwezobuchwepheshe.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Indlela yaseShayina yokusabalalisa izindaba ezixoxwayo ze-pro-Chinese kanye nokubala imibono yaseMelika ibonisa ukuthi izinkundla zedijithali zingase zisetshenziswe kanjani ukuze kube nomthelela wezwe. Lo mkhuba ezimpini zolwazi akuthinti nje kuphela ubudlelwano bezokusebenzela kodwa futhi ulolonge imibono yomphakathi emhlabeni jikelele. Umphumela wokungezwani nokungathembani phakathi kwezizwe, njengoba kubonakala ezinsolo zokuthi kungani i-disinformation phakathi kweChina ne-US, kukhombisa isidingo semigudu esobala nethembekile yokuxhumana namazwe ngamazwe.

Ngendlela efanayo, ukuhlasela kweRussia e-Ukraine ngo-2022 kuphinde kwagcizelela indima yemithombo yezokuxhumana ezingxabanweni zanamuhla. Amapulatifomu afana ne-TikTok, ahlangabezane nokwanda okumangazayo kwababukeli okuhlobene nenkinga yase-Ukraine, asebucayi ekusabalaliseni ulwazi kanye nokuthonya umbono womphakathi. Ukwabelana kwesikhathi sangempela kwamavidiyo abonisa amasu okuvikela ase-Ukraine kuyisibonelo sokuthi inkundla yezokuxhumana inganikeza kanjani imininingwane esheshayo ezenzakalweni ezenzekayo, idlule imithombo yezindaba evamile. Kodwa-ke, isinqumo se-TikTok sokukhawulela okuqukethwe kwaseRussia siphakamisa imibuzo mayelana nokungakhethi kanye nezibopho zokuziphatha zezinkundla zokuxhumana ezimweni zokungqubuzana.

Lezi zimo zempi yolwazi ziphakamisa ukuthi izinhlangano zingase zidinge ukuzivumelanisa nesimo lapho izinkundla zedijithali zidlala indima ebalulekile ekulolongeni ukulandisa kwezwe. Kubantu ngabanye, lokhu kusho ukuthuthukisa amakhono okucabanga okujulile ukuze babone ulwazi oluthembekile. Izinkampani, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wezobuchwepheshe, zingadinga ukuzulazula kuzindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi zezimiso zokuziphatha nezombusazwe lapho zilawula okuqukethwe. Ngaleso sikhathi, ohulumeni bangase bahlole ukuthuthukiswa kwemithethonqubo nezivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusetshenziswa okufanele kwezinkundla zedijithali ebudlelwaneni bamazwe ngamazwe. 

Imithelela yempi yolwazi

Imithelela ebanzi yempi yolwazi ingabandakanya: 

• Ukwanda kokungqubuzana komhlaba wonke ngenxa yokusatshalaliswa kolwazi olungahlosiwe nolwazi oludukisayo ezingxabanweni zamazwe ngamazwe. Lokhu kungase kubangele ukwanda kwezimpi ezibandayo phakathi kwamazwe. 
• Ukwanda kokhetho lwezepolitiki emhlabeni wonke kuthonywa kakhulu ama-ejenti zempi yolwazi asakaza izindaba ezingamanga nokuqukethwe okungelona iqiniso.
• Ubuhlakani bokwenziwa nokufunda kwemishini kuya ngokuya kusetshenziswa ukudala ama-athikili namavidiyo angamanga aqondiswe emaqenjini ezepolitiki aphikisanayo nezifunda zezwe.
• Abanye ohulumeni basungula izinhlangano ezilwa nokusabalalisa ulwazi. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izizwe zingase ziqhubeke nokusebenzisa impi yolwazi ngezintshisekelo zazo.
• Ama-ejensi nezinhlangano ezidala imikhankaso yokufundisa emelene nezindaba ezingamanga/ulwazi olungalungile emphakathini, okuhlanganisa nokuhlanganisa ngokusemthethweni izinhlelo ezikoleni nasemanyuvesi.
• Amabhizinisi asebenzisa izindlela eziqinile zokuphepha ku-inthanethi ukuze avikele ezimpini zolwazi, okuholela ekwenyukeni kwezindleko zokusebenza kanye nezinguquko kumasu edijithali.
• Abathengi baba nokungabaza kakhulu okuqukethwe ku-inthanethi, ukushayela isidingo semithombo yolwazi eqinisekisiwe nethembekile.
• Ukusebenzisana kwamazwe ngamazwe okuthuthukisiwe phakathi kohulumeni ezinhlelweni zokuvikela i-inthanethi, okuholela emazingeni amasha omhlaba wokuphepha ku-inthanethi nezivumelwano.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Yiziphi ezinye zezibonelo zemikhankaso yolwazi osanda kuba nayo?
• Uzivikela kanjani empini yolwazi?