Izinhlelo zobunikazi bedijithali: Umjaho wokwenza idijithali kuzwelonke

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• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• August 30, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Izinhlelo zikazwelonke zobunikazi bedijithali zibumba kabusha ukuhlonza isakhamuzi, zinikeza izinzuzo ezifana nokuphepha okungcono nokusebenza kahle kwesevisi kodwa futhi ziphakamisa ukukhathazeka kobumfihlo nokukhwabanisa. Lezi zinhlelo zibalulekile ekufinyeleleni kwawo wonke amalungelo nezinsizakalo, kodwa impumelelo yazo iyahlukahluka emhlabeni wonke, nezinselele ekusetshenzisweni nasekufinyeleleni okulinganayo. Zithonya ukulethwa kwezinsizakalo zomphakathi, imikhakha yokuqashwa, futhi ziphakamisa imibuzo yezimiso zokuziphatha mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwedatha nobumfihlo.

Umongo wohlelo lukamazisi wedijithali kazwelonke

Izinhlelo zikazwelonke zomazisi bedijithali ziya ngokuya ziba ziningi njengoba amazwe ebheka ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zawo zokuhlonza izakhamuzi. Lezi zinhlelo zingahlinzeka ngezinzuzo, ezifana nokuvikeleka okwengeziwe, ukulethwa kwesevisi okulula, kanye nokunemba kwedatha okuthuthukisiwe. Kodwa-ke, kukhona nezingozi, njengokukhathazeka kobumfihlo, ukukhwabanisa, nokuhlukumeza okungase kube khona.

Iqhaza eliyinhloko lama-ID edijithali ukwenza izakhamuzi zikwazi ukufinyelela amalungelo ayisisekelo, izinsizakalo, amathuba, nokuvikela. Ohulumeni bavamise ukusungula amasistimu okuhlonza asebenzayo ukuze aphathe ukuqinisekiswa nokugunyazwa kwemikhakha eyahlukene noma izimo zokusebenzisa, njengokuvota, intela, ukuvikelwa komphakathi, uhambo, njll. Amasistimu omazisi obudijithali, awaziwa nangokuthi izixazululo ze-ID yedijithali, asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe kuwo wonke umjikelezo wabo wokuphila, okuhlanganisa ukuthwebula idatha, ukuqinisekiswa, ukugcinwa, nokudlulisa; ukuphathwa kokuqinisekisa; kanye nokuqinisekisa ubuwena. Nakuba igama elithi "ID yedijithali" ngezinye izikhathi lihunyushwa njengokusho okwenziwa ku-inthanethi noma okubonakalayo (isb., ngokungena ngemvume kuphothali ye-e-service), imininingwane enjalo ingase isetshenziselwe ukuhlonza okuvikeleke kakhudlwana komuntu ongaphakathi komuntu (nokungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi).

IBhange Lomhlaba lilinganisela ukuthi cishe abantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1 abanazo izimpawu zobuzwe, ikakhulukazi emazweni ase-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara naseNingizimu Asia. Lezi zindawo zivame ukuba nemiphakathi esengozini kanye nohulumeni abangazinzile ngengqalasizinda ebuthaka kanye nezinsiza zomphakathi. Uhlelo lwe-ID yedijithali lungasiza lezi zifunda zibe zesimanjemanje futhi zibandakanye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuhlonzwa okufanele nokusabalalisa izinzuzo nosizo, izinhlangano zingaqinisekiswa ukuthi wonke umuntu angathola usizo nokusekelwa. Kodwa-ke, ngenkathi amazwe afana ne-Estonia, i-Denmark, ne-Sweden ethole impumelelo enkulu ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo zawo zomazisi bedijithali, amazwe amaningi athole imiphumela exubile, kanti amaningi asazabalaza ukuqalisa izigaba zokukhishwa. 

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Enye yezinzuzo ezinkulu zokuba ne-ID kazwelonke ukuthi ingasiza ekunciphiseni izenzo zokukhwabanisa. Isibonelo, uma othile ebengase azame ukubhalisela izinzuzo zomphakathi esebenzisa umazisi ongamanga, umazisi kazwelonke uzokwenza kube lula kuziphathimandla ukuthi ziqinisekise amarekhodi omuntu. Ukwengeza, omazisi kazwelonke bangasiza ekwenzeni ukulethwa kwezinsiza zomphakathi kube lula ngokunciphisa isidingo sokuqoqwa kwedatha engasanele.

Ama-ejensi kahulumeni nezinkampani ezizimele zingonga isikhathi nemali ebingasetshenziselwa ukuhlola isizinda ngokuba nomthombo owodwa wolwazi lukamazisi oluqinisekisiwe. Okunye okuhlomula ngomazisi bakazwelonke ukuthi bangasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukufinyeleleka kwezinsiza zamaqembu ancishwe amathuba. Isibonelo, abesifazane abakwazi ukuthola omazisi abasemthethweni njengezitifiketi zokuzalwa emazweni amaningi. Lo mkhawulo ungenza kube nzima ngalaba besifazane ukuthi bavule ama-akhawunti asebhange, bathole ukufinyelela esikweletu, noma babhalisele izinzuzo zomphakathi. Ukuba nomazisi kazwelonke kungasiza ekunqobeni lezi zithiyo futhi kunikeze abesifazane ukulawula okukhulu ezimpilweni zabo.

Kodwa-ke, ohulumeni kufanele bagxile ezindaweni ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ukuze bakhe uhlelo oluphumelelayo lobunikazi bedijithali. Okokuqala, ohulumeni kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi isistimu yobunikazi bedijithali iyalingana naleyo esetshenziswayo njengamanje, kokubili ngokokusebenza nokuphepha. Kufanele futhi basebenzele ukuhlanganisa amacala amaningi okusetshenziswa komkhakha kahulumeni ngangokunokwenzeka ohlelweni futhi banikeze izikhuthazo zokutholwa abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo zemboni ezimele.

Okokugcina, kufanele bagxile ekudaleni ulwazi oluhle lomsebenzisi, okwenza inqubo yokubhalisa ibe lula futhi ibe lula. Isibonelo i-Germany, eyamisa amaphuzu okubhalisa angu-50,000 ekhadini layo le-elekthronikhi futhi yanikeza ukucubungula imibhalo evumelana nezimo. Esinye isibonelo i-India, egibele abantu abangaphezu kwesigidigidi ohlelweni lwayo lwe-ID yedijithali ngokukhokhela izinkampani ezizimele ngohlelo ngalunye oluyimpumelelo lokubhalisa.

Imithelela yezinhlelo zobunikazi bedijithali

Imithelela ebanzi yezinhlelo zobunikazi bedijithali ingase ihlanganise: 

• Izinhlelo zobunikazi bedijithali ezivumela ukufinyelela okulula ekunakekelweni kwezempilo kanye nenhlalakahle yabantu ababencishwe amathuba, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ukungalingani emazweni asathuthuka.
• Ukuncishiswa kwemisebenzi yokukhwabanisa, njengokuvota kwabantu abashonile noma amarekhodi ezisebenzi ezingamanga, kusetshenziswa izinhlelo zokuhlonza ezinembe kakhudlwana.
• Ohulumeni ababambisene nezinkampani ezizimele, banikeza izikhuthazo ezifana nezaphulelo ze-e-commerce ukuze bakhuthaze ukubhalisa ezinhlelweni zobunikazi bedijithali.
• Izingozi zedatha kamazisi yedijithali isetshenziselwe ukugada nokukhomba amaqembu aphikisayo, okudala ukukhathazeka ngobumfihlo kanye nokuphulwa kwamalungelo abantu.
• Ukukhulumela izinhlangano ezilwela amalungelo abantu ngokukhulisa ukubeka obala ekusetshenzisweni kwedatha ye-ID yedijithali ngohulumeni ukuze kuvikelwe ukwethenjwa komphakathi namalungelo.
• Ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe ekulethweni kwezinsiza zomphakathi, ngobunikazi bedijithali bezinqubo ezilula njengokuqoqwa kwentela nokukhishwa kwamapasi.
• Ukushintsha kwamaphethini okuqashwa, njengoba imikhakha ethembele ekuqinisekiseni ubuwena ingase yehle, kuyilapho kukhula isidingo sokuvikeleka kwedatha nezingcweti ze-IT.
• Izinselelo ekuqinisekiseni ukufinyelela okulinganayo ezinhlelweni zobunikazi bedijithali, njengoba imiphakathi enganakiwe ingase intule ubuchwepheshe obudingekayo noma ulwazi lokufunda nokubhala.
• Ukuthembela okwengeziwe kudatha ye-biometric ephakamisa ukukhathazeka kokuziphatha mayelana nemvume kanye nobunikazi bolwazi lomuntu siqu.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ingabe ubhalisele uhlelo lukazwelonke lwe-ID yedijithali? Ungakuchaza kanjani ukuzizwisa kwakho ngayo uma kuqhathaniswa namasistimu amadala?
• Yiziphi ezinye izinzuzo ezingaba khona kanye nezingozi zokuba nama-ID edijithali?