Izinsizakalo ze-inthanethi ezisekelwe emkhathini inkundla yempi elandelayo yemboni yangasese

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Izinsizakalo ze-inthanethi ezisekelwe emkhathini inkundla yempi elandelayo yemboni yangasese

Izinsizakalo ze-inthanethi ezisekelwe emkhathini inkundla yempi elandelayo yemboni yangasese

Umbhalo wesihlokwana
I-satellite broadband ikhula ngokushesha ngo-2021, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi iphazamise izimboni ezithembele ku-inthanethi
    • About the Author:
    • Igama lomlobi
      I-Quantumrun Foresight
    • Mashi 18, 2022

    Isifinyezo sokuqonda

    Cabanga ngezwe lapho i-inthanethi enesivinini esikhulu ifinyelela kuwo wonke amagumbi omhlaba, ngisho nasezifundeni ezikude kakhulu. Umjaho wokwakha amanethiwekhi esathelayithi endaweni ephansi yomhlaba awukona nje mayelana ne-inthanethi esheshayo; imayelana nokufinyelela kwentando yeningi, ukuthuthukisa izimboni ezihlukahlukene njengezokuthutha nezinkonzo zezimo eziphuthumayo, kanye nokukhuthaza amathuba amasha kwezemfundo, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, kanye nomsebenzi okude. Kusukela emithelela engaba khona kwezemvelo kuye ekuguquguqukeni kwezemisebenzi kanye nesidingo sezivumelwano zezombusazwe ezintsha, lo mkhuba usulungele ukubumba kabusha umphakathi ngezindlela ezihlukene, okwenza ukuthi ijografi ingaphinde ibe isithiyo emathubeni nasekukhuleni.

    Ingqikithi ye-inthanethi esekwe emkhathini

    Izinkampani ezimbalwa ezizimele zijaha ukwakha amanethiwekhi esathelayithi anganikeza ukufinyelela kwe-inthanethi ye-broadband eziteshini zasemhlabeni nakubathengi. Ngalawa manethiwekhi, ukufinyelela kwe-inthanethi ye-broadband kuzotholakala kuwo wonke umhlaba kanye nenani labantu. Womabili amazwe asathuthuka nathuthukile angase ahlomule kulaba bahlinzeki be-inthanethi abasha abasekelwe kusathelayithi. Lo mkhuba ungathuthukisa ukuxhumana, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezikude, futhi ukhuthaze ukukhula komnotho ngokunikeza ukufinyelela olwazini nezinsizakalo ze-inthanethi.

    Imodeli entsha yengqalasizinda ye-inthanethi esekwe emkhathini iqukethe “amaqoqo ezinkanyezi” ezinkulungwane zamasathelayithi ku-low Earth orbit (LEO). Amasathelayithi ezokuxhumana endabuko ethulwa ku-geostationary orbit endaweni yokuphakama ecishe ibe ngu-35-36,000 km, okwenza ukubambezeleka okude ekuphenduleni ngenxa yejubane lokukhanya. Ngokuphambene, ukuphakama kwe-orbit yomhlaba okuphansi kungaphansi kwamakhilomitha angu-2,000, okuvumela izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga isivinini se-inthanethi sokubambezeleka esiphansi, njengamakholi wevidiyo. Le ndlela ingenza ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi kuphendule kakhudlwana futhi kuhambisane nezicelo zesikhathi sangempela, ukuvala igebe phakathi kwezindawo zasemadolobheni nezasemaphandleni.

    Ukwengeza, amasathelayithi e-geostationary adinga iziteshi zaphansi ezinezitsha zomsakazo ezinkulu ukuze zixhumane nazo, kanti amasathelayithi e-LEO adinga kuphela iziteshi ezincane ezingagxilwa ezindlini ngazinye. Lo mehluko kubuchwepheshe ungenza inqubo yokufaka ithengeke kakhulu futhi ifinyeleleke kuhlu olubanzi lwabathengi. Ngokunciphisa isidingo semishini emikhulu nebizayo, imodeli ye-inthanethi entsha esekwe kwisathelayithi ingenza intando yeningi ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi enesivinini esikhulu. 

    Umthelela ophazamisayo 

    Ngekhwalithi ephezulu, i-broadband ethembekile elethwa kusetshenziswa ingqalasizinda ye-inthanethi esekelwe esikhaleni, izifunda ezikude nezingagcinwe kahle ngaphandle kwengqalasizinda ye-inthanethi ye-broadband yamaselula ingase ithole ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi ethembekile nenesivinini esikhulu. Lo mkhuba ungavula amathuba omsebenzi okude, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, kanye nemfundo yalezi zifunda zasemakhaya. Amabhizinisi agweme ukumisa izitolo ezindaweni ezikude ngenxa yokuntuleka kokufinyelela ku-inthanethi angase acabange nokusebenzisa i-inthanethi esekwe emkhathini ukuze asekele ukusebenza kwawo kulezi zindawo noma aqashe izisebenzi ezikude ezivela kulezi zindawo. 

    Izimboni ezimbalwa nazo zingase zithintwe ingqalasizinda entsha. Izinkampani zezokuthutha, ikakhulukazi lezo ezisebenzisa imikhumbi nezindiza, zingasebenzisa ithuba lokuxhuma ku-inthanethi ngenkathi zihamba phezu kolwandle nezinye izindawo ezikhavayo kancane. Amasevisi ezimo eziphuthumayo angase asebenzise i-inthanethi esekwe emkhathini ukuthuthukisa ukudluliswa kwedatha nokubika ezindaweni ezikude. Imboni yezokuxhumana ingase ibhekane nokuncintisana kusuka kubroadband yesathelayithi, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ingase isheshise ukuthuthukiswa ekukhishweni kwayo komugqa ongaguquki wokufinyelela ku-inthanethi ezifundeni ezikude ukuze ziqhudelane. Ohulumeni nezigungu ezilawulayo kungase kudingeke ukuthi baguqule izinqubomgomo zabo ukuze baqinisekise ukuncintisana okufanelekile futhi bavikele izintshisekelo zabathengi kulo mkhakha oshintsha ngokushesha.

    Umthelela wesikhathi eside we-inthanethi esekelwe esikhaleni udlulela ngalé kokuxhumana nje. Ngokuvumela ukuxhumana okungenazihibe ezifundeni ezahlukanisiwe ngaphambilini, ukushintshana kwamasiko okusha kanye nokuxhumana komphakathi kungenzeka. Izikhungo zemfundo zinganikeza izifundo eziku-inthanethi kubafundi abasezindaweni ezikude, zephule imigoqo emfundweni esezingeni. Abahlinzeki bezempilo bangakwazi ukwenza ukubonisana nokuqapha okukude, bathuthukise ukufinyeleleka kwezempilo. 

    Imithelela yengqalasizinda ye-inthanethi esekwe emkhathini

    Imithelela ebanzi yengqalasizinda ye-inthanethi esekwe emkhathini ingabandakanya:

    • Ukuqaliswa kwengqalasizinda ye-inthanethi esekelwe emkhathini ukuze kuhlinzekwe ukufinyelela kwe-inthanethi okusheshayo, okungaphakathi endizeni kubagibeli bezindiza, okuholela ekuhlangenwe nakho okuthuthukisiwe kwabagibeli kanye nemithombo emisha yemali engenayo yezinkampani zezindiza.
    • Ukwandiswa kokutholakala kwe-inthanethi ukuze kuvulwe izimakethe zasemaphandleni zemikhiqizo yabathengi etholakala kuphela nge-inthanethi, okuholela ekwandeni kwamathuba okuthengisa kwamabhizinisi kanye nokutholakala okukhulu kwemikhiqizo kubathengi basemaphandleni.
    • Ukwakhiwa kwamanethiwekhi e-inthanethi asekelwe emkhathini ukuze kuhlinzekwe ngamathuba omsebenzi kubasebenzi abakude ezindaweni ezikude ezinengqalasizinda ye-inthanethi elinganiselwe, kugqugquzelwe ukukhula komnotho kanye nokunciphisa ukungafani kwezifunda emathubeni emisebenzi.
    • Ukusetshenziswa kwebroadband yesathelayithi ukuletha izibuyekezo zesimo sezulu, ulwazi lwentengo yezitshalo, nolunye ulwazi olubalulekile kubalimi, okuholela ekuthathweni kwezinqumo okunolwazi oluthe xaxa kanye nomkhiqizo wezolimo ongase ube phezulu.
    • Amandla okuthi ohulumeni basebenzise i-inthanethi esekwe emkhathini ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukudidiyelwa kwezinhlekelele, okuholela ekuphathweni kwezimo eziphuthumayo okuphumelelayo nangempumelelo ezindaweni ezikude noma okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo.
    • Ukwanda kokufinyeleleka kwemfundo ye-inthanethi kanye nezinsizakalo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ezindaweni ezikude, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwezenhlalakahle kanye nokunciphisa ukungalingani ekufinyeleleni izinsizakalo ezibalulekile.
    • Umthelela ongaba khona kwezemvelo wokukhiqiza kanye nokwethulwa kwezinkulungwane zamasathelayithi, okuholela ekwandeni kokucutshungulwa kanye nokulawulwa okungaba khona kwemboni yasemkhathini ukuze kuncishiswe ukulimala okungaba khona emkhathini woMhlaba.
    • Ukushintsha kwezimo zabasebenzi njengoba umsebenzi oqhelelene ubonakala ungenzeka ezifundeni ezingazodwa ngaphambilini, okuholela ekutheni abasebenzi basabalaliswe kakhulu kanye nezinguquko ezingaba khona kumaphethini okufudukela emadolobheni.
    • Amathuba ezinselele ezintsha zezombusazwe kanye nezivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe ezihlobene nokulawulwa nokuphathwa kwe-inthanethi esekelwe emkhathini, okuholela kuzinhlaka zezomthetho eziyinkimbinkimbi ezilinganisa izintshisekelo zamazwe ahlukene nezinhlangano ezizimele.

    Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

    • Ucabanga ukuthi imodeli yamanje yentengo ye-inthanethi esekwe emkhathini iyenza ifinyeleleke kubasebenzisi basemaphandleni? 
    • Izazi zezinkanyezi zikholelwa ukuthi ukuba nezinkulungwane zamasathelayithi ku-LEO kuzothinta isayensi yezinkanyezi ezisekelwe phansi esikhathini esizayo. Ingabe ukukhathazeka kwabo kuyafaneleka? Ingabe izinkampani ezizimele zenza okwanele ukunciphisa ukukhathazeka kwazo?