Ukulima kabusha: Ukushintshela ekulimeni okuzinzile

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• November 10, 2022

Njengoba ukucekelwa phansi komhlaba nokugawulwa kwamahlathi kuqhubeka kudala izinkinga embonini yezolimo, ochwepheshe baya ngokuya bekhuthaza ukulima okuvuselelayo ukuze kwakhiwe kabusha futhi kuthuthukiswe impilo yomhlabathi. Lokhu kulima kusebenzisa ukujikeleziswa kwezitshalo nezindlela zokwehlukahlukana ukubuyisela imisoco kanye nokugcina amazinga e-carbon dioxide ephansi.

Umongo wezolimo ovuselelayo

Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kunomthelela omkhulu kwezolimo, kwandisa izinkinga ezikhona futhi kuholele ekwandeni kwesomiso kanye nogwadule kwezinye izifunda. Ukulima okuvuselelayo sekuqala isidingo ngoba kusiza abalimi ukuthi balondoloze ubungqabavu bomhlaba kanye nokwehlukahlukana. Iphinde ihlukanisele ikhabhoni emhlabathini, lapho ingavaleleka khona iminyaka. 

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zezolimo ezivuselelayo ezihlanganisa:  

1.  I-Agroforestry - ehlanganisa izihlahla nezilimo endaweni efanayo, 
2. Conservation Agriculture - okuhloswe ngayo ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka komhlabathi, kanye 
3. Ukulima okungapheli - okutshala izitshalo eziphila isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka emibili ukugwema ukutshala kabusha ngonyaka. 

Indlela eyodwa evamile kwezolimo ezivuselelayo ukulima ngokulondolozwa kwemvelo. Ukuguguleka komhlabathi kanye nokukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide eminye yemiphumela yokulima noma yokulima, okuholela emhlabathini ohlangene okunzima ukuba amagciwane aphile. Ukuze kugwenywe le miphumela, abalimi bangasebenzisa izindlela zokulima eziphansi noma zokungalimi, okunciphisa ukuphazamiseka ngokomzimba emhlabeni. Lo mkhuba, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uzokwandisa amazinga ezinto eziphilayo, udale izindawo ezinempilo hhayi nje ezitshalweni kodwa futhi nokugcina ikhabhoni eningi lapho ifanele-emhlabathini. 

Enye indlela yokushintshanisa nokumboza izitshalo. Ngokwengqikithi, inhlabathi evulekile eshiywe endaweni evulekile ekugcineni izowohloka, futhi zonke izakhamzimba ezibalulekile ekukhuleni kwezitshalo ziyahwamuka noma ziguguleke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma izitshalo ezifanayo zitshalwe endaweni eyodwa, zingabangela ukunqwabelana kwemisoco ethile kuyilapho zintula ezinye. Nokho, ngokushintshanisa izitshalo ngamabomu nokusebenzisa izitshalo zokumboza, abalimi nabalimi bangengeza kancane kancane izinto eziphilayo ezihlukahlukene enhlabathini yabo—ngokuvamile ngaphandle kokubhekana nezifo noma izinambuzane.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Ukulima okuzivuselelayo kunamandla okwenza ngcono okuqukethwe kwezakhi zokudla kanye nokusimama kwemvelo. Ngenhlanhla, intuthuko ebalulekile kulo mkhakha iyavela ebizwa ngokuthi ukulima okunembayo; leli qoqo lobuchwepheshe lisebenzisa imephu ye-global positioning system (GPS) nezinye izinzwa ukusiza abalimi ukuthi bazenzele futhi balawule izinqubo ezinjengokunisela nokuvundisa. Ukwengeza, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezicubungula ulwazi ngesikhathi sangempela zingasiza abalimi ukuthi balungiselele kangcono isimo sezulu esibi kakhulu futhi bahlaziye impilo yenhlabathi yabo nokwakheka.

Ezimbonini ezizimele, izinhlangano ezinkulu ezimbalwa zihlola ezolimo ezivuselelayo. I-Regenerative Organic Alliance (iqembu labalimi, amabhizinisi, nochwepheshe) isungule uhlelo lokunikeza izitifiketi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imikhiqizo ebhalwe ukuthi “ekhule kabusha” ihlangabezana namazinga athile. Ngaleso sikhathi, inkampani ekhiqiza ukudla kwabathengi i-General Mills ihlela ukusebenzisa ezolimo ezivuselelayo endaweni yokulima engaphezu kwesigidi esingu-1 ngo-2030. Izinhlangano ezingenzi-nzuzo ezehlukene nazo zitshala imali futhi ziphishekela ezolimo ezivuselelayo emkhakheni wokudla nezolimo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Regeneration International ilwela “ukuthuthukisa, ukwenza lula, nokusheshisa ukugudluka emhlabeni wonke ekubeni ukudla okulimazayo kuye kokuvuselelayo, izindlela zokulima, kanye nesimo sezwe.” Ngokufanayo, i-Savory Institute ifuna ukwabelana ngolwazi futhi ikhuthaze izinhlelo zokukhiqiza izindawo ezinotshani ezihlanganisa ezolimo ezivuselelayo.

Imithelela yezolimo ezivuselelayo

Imithelela ebanzi yokulima kabusha ingase ihlanganise: 

• Izinkampani ezingenzi inzuzo kanye nabakhiqizi bokudla babambisene ukuze basungule izinhlelo zemfundo nosekelo lwezezimali kubalimi abafuna ukwenza ukulima kokuvuselelayo.
• Abalimi baqeqesha abantu ekusebenziseni ukulima okuzinzile nokuvuselelayo, okuhlanganisa nokwazi ukusebenzisa amathuluzi okulima anembile, isofthiwe, namarobhothi.
• Ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulisiwe kumadivayisi nezinhlelo ze-agritech, ikakhulukazi eziqalweni ezigxile ekulimeni okuzenzakalelayo.
• Abathengi abanesimilo abancamela ukuthenga emapulazini avuselelayo, okugqugquzela amabhizinisi ezolimo amaningi ukuthi ashintshele kwezolimo ezivuselelayo.
• Ohulumeni bagqugquzela ezolimo ezivuselelayo ngokuxhasa ngezimali amapulazi amancane kanye nokuwahlinzeka nge-agritech (ubuchwepheshe bezolimo).

Imibuzo ongaphawula ngayo

• Uma ukhetha ukuthenga umkhiqizo wakho emapulazini aqhubekayo, yiziphi izici/amalebula owafunayo?
• Izinkampani kanye nohulumeni bangakwazi kanjani ukugqugquzela abalimi ukuthi basebenzise izinqubo zokuvuselela kabusha?