Ubumfihlo obuhlukile: Umsindo omhlophe we-cybersecurity

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• December 17, 2021

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Ubumfihlo obuhlukile, indlela eyethula izinga lokungaqiniseki ukuze kuvikelwe idatha yomsebenzisi, iguqula indlela idatha esingathwa ngayo emikhakheni ehlukahlukene. Le ndlela ivumela ukukhishwa kolwazi olubalulekile ngaphandle kokufaka engozini imininingwane yomuntu, okuholela ekushintsheni okungaba khona kubunikazi bedatha lapho abantu bekwazi ukulawula okwengeziwe ulwazi lwabo. Ukwamukelwa kobumfihlo obuhlukile kungase kube nemithelela ehlukahlukene, kusukela ekubunjweni kabusha komthetho kanye nokukhuthaza ukumelwa okufanele ezinqumweni eziqhutshwa idatha, kuya ekugqugquzeleni ukuqanjwa okusha kwesayensi yedatha nokudala amathuba amasha ku-cybersecurity.

Okuqukethwe okuyimfihlo okuhlukile

Izingqalasizinda zamanje zisebenza kudatha enkulu, okungamasethi amakhulu edatha esetshenziswa ohulumeni, abacwaningi bezemfundo, nabahlaziyi bedatha ukuze bathole amaphethini azobasiza ekwenzeni izinqumo zamasu. Kodwa-ke, amasistimu awavamile ukucabangela izingozi ezingaba khona zobumfihlo nokuvikelwa kwabasebenzisi. Isibonelo, izinkampani ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe ezifana ne-Facebook, Google, Apple, ne-Amazon zaziwa ngokuphulwa kwedatha okungaba nemiphumela eyingozi kudatha yomsebenzisi kuzilungiselelo eziningi, njengezibhedlela, amabhange, nezinhlangano zikahulumeni. 

Ngalezi zizathu, ososayensi bamakhompyutha bagxile ekuthuthukiseni isistimu entsha yokugcina idatha engaphuli ubumfihlo bomsebenzisi. Ubumfihlo obuhlukile buyindlela entsha yokuvikela idatha yomsebenzisi egcinwe ku-inthanethi. Isebenza ngokwethula amaleveli athile okuphazamisa noma umsindo omhlophe enqubweni yokuqoqa idatha, ukuvimbela ukulandelwa okunembile kwedatha yomsebenzisi. Leyo ndlela ihlinzeka izinkampani ngayo yonke idatha ebalulekile ngaphandle kokuveza ulwazi lomuntu siqu.

Izibalo zobumfihlo obuhlukile bezikhona kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-2010, futhi i-Apple ne-Google sebeyisebenzisile le ndlela eminyakeni yamuva nje. Ososayensi baqeqesha ama-algorithm ukuze bengeze iphesenti elaziwayo lamathuba angalungile kusethi yedatha ukuze kungabikho muntu okwazi ukulandelela ulwazi kumsebenzisi. Bese, i-algorithm ingase isuse kalula amathuba okuthola idatha yangempela kuyilapho igcina ukungaziwa komsebenzisi. Abakhiqizi bangakwazi ukufaka ubumfihlo bendawo obuhlukile kudivayisi yomsebenzisi noma bakwengeze njengobumfihlo bokwahlukana obumaphakathi ngemva kokuqoqa idatha. Kodwa-ke, ubumfihlo bokwehluka okumaphakathi busesengcupheni yokwephulwa komthombo. 

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Njengoba abantu abaningi beqaphela ubumfihlo obuhlukile, bangase bafune ukulawula okwengeziwe kudatha yabo, okuholela ekushintsheni endleleni izinkampani zobuchwepheshe eziphatha ngayo ulwazi lomsebenzisi. Ngokwesibonelo, abantu bangase babe nenketho yokulungisa izinga lobumfihlo abalifunayo kudatha yabo, okubavumela ukuthi balinganisele phakathi kwamasevisi omuntu siqu kanye nobumfihlo. Lo mkhuba ungase uholele enkathini entsha yobunikazi bedatha, lapho abantu ngabanye benezwi endleleni idatha yabo esetshenziswa ngayo, okugqugquzela umuzwa wokwethembana nokuvikeleka emhlabeni wedijithali.

Njengoba abathengi beqaphela kakhulu ubumfihlo, amabhizinisi abeka phambili ukuvikelwa kwedatha angaheha amakhasimende amaningi. Kodwa-ke, lokhu futhi kusho ukuthi izinkampani zizodinga ukutshala imali ekuthuthukiseni izinhlelo zobumfihlo ezihlukene, okungaba umsebenzi obalulekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkampani kungase kudingeke ukuthi zizulazule endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi yemithetho yobumfihlo yamazwe ngamazwe, engaholela ekuthuthukisweni kwamamodeli obumfihlo avumelana nezimo avumelana nezindawo ezihlukahlukene.

Ngasohlangothini lukahulumeni, ubumfihlo obuhlukile bungase buguqule indlela idatha yomphakathi ephathwa ngayo. Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kobumfihlo obuhlukile ekuqoqweni kwedatha yokubalwa kwabantu kungaqinisekisa ubumfihlo bezakhamizi kuyilapho zisahlinzeka ngedatha yezibalo enembile yokwenza inqubomgomo. Kodwa-ke, ohulumeni bangase badinge ukusungula imithethonqubo nezindinganiso ezicacile zobumfihlo obuhlukile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqaliswa kwayo okufanele. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kungase kuholele endleleni egxile kakhulu ekuyimfihlo ekuphathweni kwedatha yomphakathi, ikhuthaze ukubonakala nokuthembana phakathi kwezakhamizi kanye nohulumeni bazo. 

Imithelela yokwahluka kobumfihlo

Imithelela ebanzi yokwehluka kobumfihlo ingase ihlanganise: 

• Ukushoda kwedatha ethile yabasebenzisi edikibalisa izinkampani ekuyilandeleni futhi okuholela ekwehleni kokusetshenziswa kwezikhangiso ezihlosiwe ezinkundleni zokuxhumana nasezinjinini zokusesha.
• Ukudala imakethe yemisebenzi ebanzi yabameli nochwepheshe be-cybersecurity. 
• Ukushoda kwedatha etholakalayo ukuze izikhungo zomthetho zilandelele izigebengu okuholela ekuboshweni kancane. 
• Umthetho omusha oholela emithethweni eqinile yokuvikela idatha futhi udale kabusha ubudlelwano phakathi kohulumeni, izinkampani, nezakhamizi.
• Ukumelwa okulungile kwawo wonke amaqembu ekuthathweni kwezinqumo okuqhutshwa idatha, okuholela kuzinqubomgomo nezinsizakalo ezilingana kakhudlwana.
• Ukuqamba okusha kusayensi yedatha nokufunda komshini okuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwama-algorithms amasha namasu angafunda kudatha ngaphandle kokufaka engozini ubumfihlo.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ingabe ucabanga ukuthi izinkampani ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe zingafaka ngokugcwele ubumfihlo obuhlukile kumamodeli azo webhizinisi? 
• Ingabe ukholelwa ukuthi izigebengu ze-inthanethi zizogcina zikwazi ukweqa izithiyo zobumfihlo ezihlukile zokufinyelela idatha eqondisiwe?