Ababaleki bokushintsha kwesimo sezulu: Ukufuduka kwabantu okubangelwa isimo sezulu kungase kwande kakhulu

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• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• October 18, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kubangela izigidi emhlabeni wonke ukuba zishiye amakhaya azo, zifuna izimo zokuphila ezizinzile ngenxa yesimo sezulu esibi njengezikhukhula nesomiso. Lokhu kufuduka kwabantu abaningi, ikakhulukazi e-Asia, kudala ukwanda kwababaleki besimo sezulu, kube inselelo emazweni ukuthi aguqule izinqubomgomo zabo zokuthuthela kwelinye izwe kanye nemizamo yokusiza. Lesi simo sikhuliswa ukungezwani kwezwe kanye nokukhathazeka kwamalungelo abantu, kugcizelela isidingo esiphuthumayo sokubambisana komhlaba wonke ukubhekana nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nomthelela wako kubantu abasengozini.

Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kwababaleki

Ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu embulungeni yonke kuya ngokuya kuba yinto ekhathazayo kwezokuphepha kwezwe njengoba isomiso, izimvula, namagagasi okushisa axosha izigidi zabantu emakhaya abo ziyofuna izindawo ezizinzile. Ukusuka eNicaragua kuya eSouth Sudan, ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kudala ukushoda kwemithombo yokudla, izinsiza zamanzi, ukutholakala komhlaba, nezinye izinto ezibalulekile.

NgokweBhange Lomhlaba, abantu abayizigidi ezingama-200 bangase basale dengwane ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ngo-2050, kuyilapho i-Institute for Economics and Peace iphakamisa ukuthi lelo nani lingase libe phezulu njengesigidigidi. Ngo-1, izingane eziyizigidi ezingu-2022 zabhekana nokushoda kwamanzi okuphezulu noma okuphezulu kakhulu, futhi izingane eziyizigidi ezingu-739 zazihlala ezindaweni ezisengozini enkulu yamanzi. , ngokwe-Children’s Climate Risk Index. Umbiko ugcizelele ukuthi ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kwenzeka ngokuyinhloko ngamanzi, okuthinta ukutholakala kwawo, kungaba ngokwedlulele, ukushoda, noma ukungcola.

Ngokuka-Ian Fry, Umlobi Okhethekile we-UN mayelana nokukhuthazwa nokuvikelwa kwamalungelo abantu esimweni sokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, abantu bomdabu, abafuduki, izingane, abesifazane, abantu abakhubazekile, labo abahlala eziqhingini ezincane, kanye namazwe amaningi asathuthuka abhekene nezinkinga ikakhulukazi. imiphumela yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu. Ngo-2022, abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-32 baxoshwa yizinhlekelele, kanti amaphesenti angu-98 alaba bantu abasuswa ngenxa yezenzakalo ezihlobene nesimo sezulu, njengezikhukhula neziphepho, ngokusho kwe-Internal Displacement Monitoring Center. UMongameli wase-US uJoe Biden uphawule ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu njengesinye sezizathu ezinkulu ezenza kube nenkinga yokukhula kwabantu emngceleni wase-US/Mexico futhi usebophezele u-USD $4 billion ukubhekana nayo. 

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Iphepha elimhlophe lango-2021 elishicilelwe i-Yale Law School, i-Harvard Law School, kanye ne-University Network for Human Rights lihlole iphethini yokufuduka kwe-Nothern Triangle ehlanganisa i-El Salvador, i-Guatemala, ne-Honduras. Ngokohlaziyo lwabo, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuzosusa abantu abangaba yizigidi ezi-4 eMexico naseMelika Ephakathi ngo-2050. Njengoba laba bafuduki abangaba khona bezophephela e-US, abaphathi be-Biden kumele bathathe isinyathelo ngokushesha ekuguquleni abokufika.

Ngokusho kombhali wephepha, uCamila Bustos, i-US kumele izibophezele ngokuba ngumholi wezinguquko zabokufika, njengoba kubangele ukungazinzi kwezepolitiki yaseLatin America futhi kube nomthelela omkhulu ekukhishweni kwekhabhoni emhlabeni jikelele. I-US kumele ibuyekeze izinqubomgomo ukuze ivumele labo abaxoshwa ngenxa yezizathu zemvelo isithunzi nenhlonipho efanayo neyabanye abafuduki.

Ukufaneleka kwabafuduki besimo sezulu njengababaleki kuzokwenza izixazululo zibe lula kulabo abakhahlanyezwe yizinhlekelele; ngeshwa, i-ejensi yababaleki yeNhlangano Yezizwe (UN) ayibahlanganisi kanjalo. Ukuqhubeka nokwenza izinto zibe nzima, abafuduki besimo sezulu bavame ukubhekana nokungqubuzana nemiphakathi ebaphethe njengoba beqhudelana ngezinsiza. Izigidi zabantu abasuswa ezindaweni zabo ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu bagqilazwa ngaleso sikhathi, bagqilazwa ezikweletini, badayisa ngomzimba, bashada ngenkani. Uma ohulumeni bomhlaba bengenzi ngokubambisana ukuze behlise kakhulu isisi esingcolisa umoya futhi bandise imfundo, ukuqeqeshwa, namathuba emisebenzi kwabafudukayo, imiphumela ingaba mibi kakhulu.

Imithelela yababaleki bokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu

Imithelela ebanzi yababaleki bokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu ingabandakanya: 

• Amazwe aseziqhingini asebenza ndawonye ukuze ahlanganise izinsiza noma atshale imali komunye umhlaba ukuze abantu bawo bafudukele kuwo njengoba amazinga olwandle eqhubeka nokukhuphuka.
• Ohulumeni becindezelwa ukuthi benze uhlelo lwababaleki lomhlaba wonke njengoba abantu abaningi besengozini yohambo oluyingozi lokufuduka bedlula emhlabeni nasolwandle.
• Ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwezomnotho ngenxa yezinhlekelele zemvelo, kuhlanganise nokwanda kokuxoshwa kwabasebenzi.
• Ukungezwani okukhulayo kwezwe njengoba ababaleki abengeziwe bengena emazweni athuthukile kwezomnotho, kukhulisa ukucwasa kanye nezinkulumo ezimelene nababaleki. 
• Ukwanda kokweseka ohulumeni be-right populist abakhuthaza ukubiyelwa kwemingcele kubafuduki bazo zonke izinhlobo ukuvikela abantu basekhaya ekukhunjweni abokufika.
• Ukwanda kwezigameko zokucwasa kanye nokunye ukwephulwa kwamalungelo abantu (isb, ukushushumbiswa kwabantu) njengoba izinhlanga ziphephela emazweni angaphandle.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Izwe lakho lithinteka kanjani ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu?
• Yini ohulumeni abangayenza ukuze basekele izakhamuzi zabo ezihlaselwe izinhlekelele zemvelo?