I-Re-globalization: Ukuguqula ukungqubuzana kube yithuba

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• September 4, 2023

Amaphuzu avelele okuqonda

Ukuhwebelana kabusha kwembulunga yonke okuqhutshwa izingxabano zomhlaba wonke kulungisa kabusha uchungechunge lokukhiqiza nokuhlinzeka. Izinkampani zehlukanisa izisekelo zazo zokukhiqiza kuzo zonke izifunda ukuze zithuthukise ukuqina nokugcina ukufinyelela ezintweni ezibalulekile. Imithelela ebanzi yalo mkhuba ingabandakanya ohulumeni abatshala imali ekukhiqizeni ekhaya, ukukhuphuka kwezinhlelo zokusondeza noma zokuhlenga kabusha, kanye nokuzinza okungaba khona kanye nokukhula kwamabhulogi omnotho wesifunda.

Umongo wokwenziwa kabusha kwembulunga yonke

Ukwanda kwezingxabano zomhlaba wonke kuholele ohlotsheni olusha lokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke, okukhuthaza ukuhlukahluka kokukhiqiza, ukukhiqiza, kanye nokutholakala kuzo zonke izifunda ezizinzile ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusimama kwe-supply chain. Isibonelo, ngaphambi kokuhlasela kweRussia e-Ukraine, lawa mazwe ayephethe imakethe yomhlaba wonke yezinsimbi ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa iplatinamu, i-aluminium, ne-palladium, esetshenziswa kakhulu ekuguquleni i-catalytic kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-semiconductor. Kodwa-ke, selokhu kwagqashuka impi, lezi zinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nemikhiqizo yazo eqediwe ziye zabhekana nokuguquguquka okukhulu kwamanani. 

Imiphumela yalokhu kuphazamiseka ibonakala emikhakheni eyahlukene, ikakhulukazi embonini yezokukhiqiza. Ngokuhambisana nokuwohloka komnotho emhlabeni wonke, njengoba kubikezelwe i-International Monetary Fund, lezi zenzakalo ziye zaphakamisa ukukhathazeka mayelana nokwehla okungenzeka kwesidingo sabathengi ngaphandle kwalapho amasu okubuyisela umhlaba kabusha esetshenziswa ngokushesha. Isivumelwano sakamuva sokuhweba mahhala phakathi kwe-US, Australia, Japan, ne-Republic of Korea sibonisa lokhu kucindezela. 

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwanda kobuzwe emhlabeni jikelele kungase kwenze amazwe ahlole abalingani abasha bezohwebo, kanye nethuba lokuhlehlisa kabusha ukukhiqizwa, nakuba lokhu kwakamuva kuhlala kungakhulunywanga phakathi kwabaholi. Kodwa-ke, ukubuyisela kabusha kuza nezinselele zokuphatha amanani entengo, ukuthengwa kwamanye amazwe, kanye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, amazwe athile abhekana nakho ngezilawuli ezintsha zenkundla yentela, njengokushintshela kwe-UK ku-Customs Declaration Service kanye nokwamukela kwe-Netherlands uhlelo lwesimemezelo sesikhathi sangempela. Ukushintshela kulezi zinhlelo kuyinselelo enkulu yokulawula ezinkampanini, kodwa ithemba liwukuthi lezi zinguquko zizosekela ukuhwebelana kabusha kwembulunga yonke futhi zihlele inqubo yentela.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Ukuhwebelana kabusha kwembulunga yonke kuphoqa ukuthi kucatshangwe kabusha ngamasu okusebenza. Izinkampani eziningi manje sezitshala imali ekuhlukaniseni izisekelo zazo zokukhiqiza ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene. Isibonelo esihle isikhondlakhondla sezobuchwepheshe i-Apple, phambilini ebithembele kakhulu eChina ngokuhlanganiswa kwayo kwe-iPhone. Ngenxa yokungezwani kwezohwebo phakathi kwe-US neChina, i-Apple kancane kancane yandise isizinda sayo sokukhiqiza kwamanye amazwe anjenge-India neVietnam, ifuna ukuzinza nokuqina. Amabhizinisi amancane angase abheke ekuhlukaniseni amaketanga abo okuhlinzeka noma asebenzise izinsiza zasendaweni ukuze afinyelele izinhloso ezifanayo. Lokhu kuhlukahluka ngeke nje kunciphise izingozi zokuphazamiseka kodwa kungavula nezimakethe ezintsha, kukhuthaze ubudlelwano basendaweni, futhi kugqugquzele izixazululo ezintsha.

Khonamanjalo, ukuhwebelana kabusha kwembulunga yonke kungaletha izinguquko eziphawulekayo ezindaweni zokuqashwa. Njengoba izinkampani zithuthela izisekelo zazo zokukhiqiza, kuzoba nokukhuphuka kwesidingo samakhono ahlukahlukene kulezi zifunda ezintsha. Lo mkhuba ungasho amathuba emisebenzi enamakhono aphezulu ezindaweni phambilini ebezigxile ezimbonini ezinamakhono aphansi. 

Ohulumeni kudingeka bagxile ezinhlelweni zemfundo nokuqeqesha ezilungiselela izakhamuzi zabo lezi zinguquko. Ukwethembela okwandayo ku-automation kanye nezixazululo ze-AI zokugcina amaketanga okunikezela aqinile futhi kusho ukuthi abasebenzi kudingeka baqeqeshe kabusha noma bathuthukise amakhono. Ohulumeni bangase futhi baqale ukwenza imifelandawonye emisha ukuze bagcine ukufinyelela ezintweni zokusetshenziswa ezibalulekile ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kwezomnotho kanye nendawo yezepolitiki. Isibonelo, i-US Congress iphakamise uMthetho Wesivumelwano Sentela sase-Taiwan ngoMeyi 2023, ukhuthaze abenzi be-microchip base-Taiwan ukuthi basungule izisekelo e-US.

Imithelela yokwenziwa kabusha kwembulunga yonke 

Imithelela ebanzi yokwenziwa kabusha kwembulunga yonke ingase ihlanganise: 

• Ohulumeni abatshala imali emikhakheni eqinile yezokukhiqiza yasekhaya ukuze bakhulise ukuzimela kanye nokumelana nokuphazamiseka kochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla emhlabeni jikelele.
• Ukugcizelelwa komhlaba wonke kokuhlukahluka okukhuthaza izimboni emazweni asathuthuka ukuthi zithuthukise ingqalasizinda yazo.
• Izindikimba zezomnotho zezifunda ziyaqina njengoba amazwe eqala ukubambisana kakhulu kwezohwebo nokukhiqiza, okugqugquzela ukuzinza nokukhula kwesifunda.
• Ohulumeni babeka phambili imfundo yabasebenzi, okuholela ekutheni kube nokuncintisana emhlabeni wonke, abantu abafunde ngedijithali abalungiselelwe kangcono imisebenzi yesikhathi esizayo.
• Ukwanda kokuncintisana phakathi kwezizwe ngokuheha amabhizinisi omhlaba okuholela ezingxabanweni noma ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu zesifunda.
• Ingozi 'yokuphelelwa ubuchopho' emazweni angakwazi ukuheha noma ukugcina izimboni zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, okungase kuholele ezinseleleni zesikhathi eside zezibalo zabantu.
• Izinyathelo ezengeziwe zokubuyisela kabusha kanye nokusondeza, ukusabalalisa amathuba kanye nokukhula emiphakathini ekude noma enganakekelwa kahle.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Uma ungumnikazi webhizinisi, uqinisekisa kanjani ukuthi amaketanga akho okuhlinzeka ayasebenza?
• Izinkampani zingalungiselela kanjani futhi ukuphazamiseka komhlaba?