Ukuqeqeshwa kwezindaba ezingamanga zomphakathi: Ukulwela iqiniso lomphakathi

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Ukuqeqeshwa kwezindaba ezingamanga zomphakathi: Ukulwela iqiniso lomphakathi

Ukuqeqeshwa kwezindaba ezingamanga zomphakathi: Ukulwela iqiniso lomphakathi

Umbhalo wesihlokwana
Njengoba imikhankaso ye-disinformation iqhubeka nokucekela phansi amaqiniso ayisisekelo, izinhlangano nezinkampani zifundisa umphakathi ngezindlela zokuqashelwa kwenkulumo-ze kanye nokuphendula.
    • About the Author:
    • Igama lomlobi
      I-Quantumrun Foresight
    • September 22, 2022

    Isifinyezo sokuqonda

    I-disinformation iya ngokuya isetshenziswa izigebengu ze-inthanethi nezinhlangano zakwamanye amazwe, izinhlangano eziyinselele nezikhungo zemfundo ukufundisa ukufunda nokubhala kwabezindaba, ikakhulukazi entsheni. Ucwaningo lubonisa inkambiso ephathelene lapho abantu abasha abaningi bezabalaza ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezindaba zangempela nezingelona iqiniso, okukhuthaza imizamo efana nemidlalo namawebhusayithi ukuyifundisa. Le mizamo, kusukela ezinhlelweni zokuqeqesha umphakathi kuya ekuthuthukiseni ukufunda nokubhala kwedijithali kukharikhulamu yesikole, ihlose ukunika abantu amandla okubona iqiniso, kodwa futhi ibhekane nezinselelo ezifana nokuhlasela kwe-inthanethi kanye namaqhinga okuguqula ulwazi.

    Umongo wokuqeqeshwa kwezindaba ezingamanga zomphakathi

    Imikhankaso ye-disinformation iya ivame kakhulu njengoba izigebengu ze-inthanethi kanye nohulumeni bangaphandle bethola impumelelo ekusebenziseni leli qhinga. Kodwa-ke, njengoba abaqambi bozungu kanye nabasakazi bezindaba ezingamanga behlukumeza umphakathi, izinhlangano zikahulumeni nezinhlangano zemfundo emhlabeni wonke ziyaphithizela ukufundisa imiphakathi mayelana nokufunda kwabezindaba, ikakhulukazi isizukulwane esisha. Ucwaningo lwango-2016 olwenziwa yi-Stanford History Education Group (SHEG) lwathola ukuthi abafundi basesikoleni esiphakathi nesesikoleni esiphakeme bahluleke kakhulu ukukhomba imithombo ethembekile evela kwabangathembekile. 

    Ngo-2019, i-SHEG yenza ucwaningo lokulandelela mayelana nekhono labantu abasha lokuqinisekisa isimangalo ezinkundleni zokuxhumana noma ku-inthanethi. Baqashe abafundi bezikole zamabanga aphezulu abangu-3,000 ukuze benze ucwaningo futhi baqinisekisa amaphrofayili ahlukahlukene ukuze abonise inani labantu base-US. Imiphumela yayimangalisa. Ngaphezu kwesigamu sabaphenduli bakholelwa ukuthi ividiyo yekhwalithi ephansi ku-Facebook ebonisa ukugcwaliswa kwamavoti iwubufakazi obunamandla bokukhwabanisa kwabavoti kuma-primaries ango-2016 e-US, nakuba le vidiyo yayivela eRussia. Ukwengeza, ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-96 abakwazanga ukukhomba ukuthi iqembu eliphika ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu lalixhumene nemboni kaphethiloli. 

    Ngenxa yalokhu okutholakele, amanyuvesi kanye nezinhlangano ezingenzi inzuzo ziyasebenzisana ukuze zisungule izinhlelo zokuqeqesha izindaba ezingezona ezingokomphakathi, okuhlanganisa namakhono okufunda nokubhala kwedijithali. Khonamanjalo, i-European Union (EU) yethule izifundo ezimfushane ze-SMaRT-EU mayelana ne-disinformation, iphrojekthi yezizukulwane eziningi ehlinzeka ngamathuluzi okuqeqesha, imibono, kanye nezinsiza kubantu abasha nabadala.

    Umthelela ophazamisayo

    Ngo-2019, abacwaningi baseNyuvesi yaseCambridge kanye neqembu labezindaba laseDutch uDrog bethula umdlalo wesiphequluli sewebhusayithi, i-Bad News, "ukujova" abantu ezindabeni ezingamanga futhi bafunde imiphumela yomdlalo. I-Bad News inikeza abadlali izihloko zezindaba ezingelona iqiniso futhi ibacela ukuthi balinganise ukwethembeka kwabo okucatshangwayo esikalini esisuka kwesisodwa ukuya kwesihlanu. Imiphumela yagcizelela ukuthi ngaphambi kokudlala i-Bad News, ababambiqhaza babenethuba elingamaphesenti angu-21 lokuthonywa izihloko zezindaba zomgunyathi. Abacwaningi bazwakalise ukuthi bafuna ukwakha indlela elula nehehayo yokusungula ulwazi lwemidiya kuzithameli ezincane bese bebona ukuthi imiphumela ihlala isikhathi esingakanani. Ngakho-ke, inguqulo ye-Bad News yadalelwa izingane ezineminyaka engu-8-10 futhi itholakala ngezilimi ezingu-10. 

    Ngokufanayo, i-Google ikhiphe iwebhusayithi eklanyelwe ukusiza izingane “ukuba zisebenze kahle nge-inthanethi.” Isayithi lichaza “Ikhodi Ye-inthanethi Yokumangalisayo,” ehlanganisa amathiphu okuthola uma ucezu lolwazi lungamanga, ukuqinisekisa umthombo, nokwabelana ngokuqukethwe. Ngaphandle kokuhlonza okuqukethwe okungalungile, isayithi lifundisa izingane indlela yokuvikela ubumfihlo bazo nokuxhumana ngokuphephile nabanye ku-inthanethi.

    Le sayithi futhi inemidlalo kanye nekharikhulamu yothisha abafuna ukufaka ukuqeqeshwa kwezindaba ezingamanga ezinhlelweni zabo zemfundo. Ukuze kwakhiwe lesi sisetshenziswa futhi sisenze sisebenzise izinto eziningi, i-Google ihlanganyele nezingenzi-nzuzo njenge-Internet Keep Safe Coalition kanye ne-Family Online Safety Institute.

    Imithelela yokuqeqeshwa kwezindaba ezingamanga zomphakathi

    Imithelela ebanzi yokuqeqeshwa kwezindaba ezingamanga zomphakathi ingase ihlanganise: 

    • Ama-ejensi alwa nokubulala ama-disinformation asebenzisana namanyuvesi kanye namaqembu amela umphakathi ukuze asungule ukuqeqeshwa okusemthethweni ngokumelene nezindaba ezingamanga.
    • Amanyuvesi nezikole kudingeka ukuthi zifake ukuqeqeshwa kwamakhono okufunda ngedijithali ezinhlelweni zazo zezifundo.
    • Ukusungulwa kwamawebhusayithi amaningi okuqeqesha asesidlangalaleni adizayinelwe ukusiza abantu abasha ukuthi bakhombe izindaba ezingamanga ngemidlalo neminye imisebenzi yokuxhumana.
    • Ukwanda kwezehlakalo zokugebenga noma ukuvala amasayithi okufunda ngedijithali.
    • Abahlinzeki be-disinformation-as-a-service kanye ne-propaganda bots balungisa amasu nolimi lwabo ukuze baqondise izingane nabantu abadala, okwenza lawa maqembu abe sengcupheni yezindaba ezingamanga.
    • Ohulumeni bahlanganisa ukuqwashisa ngezindaba ezingamanga emikhankasweni yokufundisa umphakathi, bethuthukisa ikhono lezakhamuzi lokubona iqiniso kwabezindaba futhi bakhuthaze ukuthatha izinqumo ezinolwazi.
    • Ukuthembela okuthuthukisiwe kubuhlakani bokwenziwa yinkundla yezokuxhumana ukuze kutholwe futhi kuhlabe umkhosi izindaba ezingezona iqiniso, kuncishiswe ulwazi olungalungile kodwa kukhuphule ukukhathazeka mayelana nokucwaninga nenkululeko yokukhuluma.
    • Amabhizinisi asebenzisa ukuqeqeshwa kwezindaba ezingamanga ukuze aqinise ukwethembeka komkhiqizo, okuholela ekwenyukeni kokwethembeka kwabathengi nokwethenjwa ezinkampanini ezibeka phambili ukuxhumana okuyiqiniso.

    Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

    • Uma umphakathi wakho noma idolobha lakho linohlelo lokuqeqesha izindaba ezingezona inkohliso, lwenziwa kanjani?
    • Uzihlomisa kanjani noma uziqeqeshe kanjani ukuhlonza izindaba ezingamanga?

    Izinkomba zokuqonda

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