Amakhompuyutha e-quantum azilungisayo: Awanaphutha futhi ayawabekezelela amaphutha

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• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• February 14, 2023

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

I-Quantum Computing imele ukushintsha kwepharadigm ekucubunguleni ikhompyutha. Lezi zinhlelo zinamandla okuxazulula izibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi endabeni yemizuzu engathatha iminyaka yamakhompyutha asendulo, ngezinye izikhathi amakhulu eminyaka, ukufeza. Kodwa-ke, isinyathelo sokuqala sokuvumela amandla aphelele wobuchwepheshe be-quantum ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bangakwazi ukuzilungisa ngokwabo imiphumela yabo.

Umongo wokuzilungisa we-quantum computing

Ngo-2019, i-chip ye-Google Sycamore, equkethe ama-qubits angu-54, yakwazi ukwenza izibalo ngemizuzwana engu-200 okwakuvame ukuthatha ikhompuyutha yakudala iminyaka engu-10,000 ukuqeda. Le mpumelelo ibe yimbangela yobukhulu be-Google be-quantum, ithola ukuqashelwa emhlabeni wonke njengempumelelo enkulu ku-quantum computing. Kamuva, lokhu kuye kwaveza olunye ucwaningo nentuthuko ngaphakathi kwenkundla.

Ngo-2021, iSycamore yathatha elinye igxathu eliya phambili ngokubonisa ukuthi ingalungisa amaphutha ekhompyutha. Nokho, inqubo ngokwayo yethula amaphutha amasha kamuva. Inkinga evamile ku-quantum computing ukuthi izilinganiso zokunemba zezibalo zabo asantuleka uma kuqhathaniswa namasistimu akudala. 

Amakhompyutha asebenzisa amabhithi (amadijithi kanambambili, okuyiyunithi encane kakhulu yedatha yekhompyutha) anezimo ezimbili okungenzeka (0 kanye no-1) ukuze agcine idatha afika efakwe ukulungisa iphutha njengesici esivamile. Uma kancane kuba ngu-0 esikhundleni sika-1 noma okuphambene, lolu hlobo lwephutha lungabanjwa futhi lulungiswe.

Inselele ku-quantum computing iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu njengoba i-quantum bit ngayinye, noma i-qubit, ikhona ngesikhathi esisodwa esimweni sika-0 no-1. Uma uzama ukukala inani lazo, idatha izolahleka. Isixazululo sesikhathi eside esingaba khona kube ukuhlanganisa ama-qubits amaningi angokwenyama abe "i-qubit enengqondo" eyodwa (ama-qubits alawulwa yi-quantum algorithms). Ngisho noma ama-qubits anengqondo ekhona ngaphambilini, awazange asetshenziswe ukulungisa amaphutha.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Izikhungo eziningi zocwaningo kanye namalebhu e-AI bezifundela ukwenza ama-qubits anengqondo akwazi ukuzilungisa wona. Isibonelo, i-US-based Duke University kanye ne-Joint Quantum Institute badale i-qubit enengqondo esebenza njengeyunithi eyodwa ngo-2021. Ngokuyisekela kukhodi yokulungisa iphutha le-quantum, amaphutha angatholwa kalula futhi alungiswe. Ukwengeza, ithimba lenze ukuthi i-qubit-fault-tolerant iqukathe noma yimiphi imiphumela emibi evela emaphutheni ashiwo. Lo mphumela bekuwukuqala ngqa ukuthi i-qubit enengqondo iboniswe ithembeke kakhulu kunanoma yisiphi esinye isinyathelo esidingekayo ekudalweni kwayo.

Lisebenzisa uhlelo lwe-ion-trap lweNyuvesi yaseMaryland, ithimba likwazile ukupholisa ama-athomu angama-32 ngamalaser ngaphambi kokuwamisa phezu kwama-electrode ku-chip. Ngokukhohlisa i-athomu ngayinye ngamalaser, bakwazi ukuyisebenzisa njenge-qubit. Abacwaningi babonise ukuthi imiklamo emisha ingase ibe mahhala usuku olulodwa lwekhompuyutha ye-quantum kusukela esimweni sayo samanje samaphutha. Ama-qubits anengqondo abekezelela amaphutha angasebenza eduze kwamaphutha kuma-qubits anamuhla futhi angaba umgogodla wamakhompyutha we-quantum othembekile wezinhlelo zokusebenza zomhlaba wangempela.

Ngaphandle kwamakhompuyutha e-quantum azilungisayo noma azilungise ngokwawo, ngeke kwenzeke ukwenza izinhlelo zobuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI) ezinembile, ezisobala, nezinokuziphatha. Lawa ma-algorithms adinga inani elikhulu ledatha namandla okwenza ikhompuyutha ukuze afeze amandla azo, okuhlanganisa nokwenza izimoto ezizimele ziphephe kanye namawele edijithali angasekela amadivayisi e-inthanethi Yezinto (IoT).

Imithelela yokuzilungisa i-quantum computing

Imithelela ebanzi yokutshalwa kwezimali ekuzilungiseni kwe-quantum computing ingase ihlanganise: 

• Ukuthuthukisa amasistimu we-quantum angacubungula amanani aphezulu wedatha ngenkathi ebamba amaphutha ngesikhathi sangempela.
• Abacwaningi bakha izinhlelo ezizimele ze-quantum ezingagcini nje ngokuzilungisa kodwa zizihlole.
• Ukwenyuswa kwezimali ocwaningweni lwe-quantum nasekuthuthukisweni kwe-microchip ukudala amakhompyutha angacubungula izigidigidi zolwazi kodwa adinga amandla amancane.
• Amakhompyutha e-Quantum angasekela ngokuthembekile izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi, okuhlanganisa amanethiwekhi omgwaqo kanye nezimboni ezizenzakalelayo ngokugcwele.
• Ukusetshenziswa okugcwele kwezimboni kwe-quantum computing kuyo yonke imikhakha. Lesi simo sizokwenzeka kuphela uma izinkampani zizizwa ziqiniseka ngokwanele ekunembeni kwemiphumela yekhompuyutha ye-quantum ukuze iqondise ukuthathwa kwezinqumo noma ukusebenzisa amasistimu amanani aphezulu.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Yiziphi ezinye izinzuzo ezingaba khona zamakhompuyutha e-quantum azinzile?
• Ubuchwepheshe obunjalo bungawuthinta kanjani umsebenzi wakho esikhathini esizayo?