I-Seasteading: Ukuntantela umhlaba ongcono noma ukuntanta kude nezintela?

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• November 9, 2021

I-Seasteading, inhlangano eya ekwakheni imiphakathi ezimele, ezimele olwandle oluvulekile, izuza intshisekelo njengomngcele wokuqamba izinto ezintsha kanye nesixazululo esingaba khona sokuminyana kwabantu basemadolobheni kanye nokulawulwa kobhubhane. Nokho, abagxeki baqokomisa izinkinga ezingase zibe khona, njengokugwema ukukhokha intela, ukusongela ubukhosi bezwe, kanye nokuphazamiseka kwemvelo okungase kube khona. Njengoba lo mqondo uthuthuka, uveza imithelela eyahlukene kusukela ekukhuthazeni intuthuko kubuchwepheshe obuzinzile kuya ekubangeleni izinguquko emthethweni wasolwandle.

Okuqukethwe kolwandle

Ukunyakaza kokuhamba olwandle, okucatshangelwe ngo-2008 ngu-Patri Friedman, umgqugquzeli waseMelika we-anarcho-capitalism, kusekelwe ekwakhiweni kwemiphakathi entantayo, ezimele, nezizimele emanzini avulekile. Le miphakathi, okucatshangwa ukuthi izohlukaniswa nezindawo ezimisiwe noma ukwengamela okusemthethweni, ivuse intshisekelo yabaphathi abavelele bezobuchwepheshe e-Silicon Valley. Abaningi kuleli qembu baphikisa ngokuthi imithetho kahulumeni ngokuvamile ivimbela ukusungula izinto nokucabanga phambili. Babheka ukuhlala olwandle njengendlela ehlukile yokusungula izinto ezintsha ezingenamkhawulo, i-ecosystem lapho imakethe yamahhala ingasebenza ngaphandle kwezithiyo zangaphandle.

Noma kunjalo, abagxeki bokuhamba olwandle bacabanga ukuthi le mithetho efanayo yabagibeli basolwandle abanethemba lokuyibalekela ihlanganisa izibopho zezimali ezibalulekile njengezintela. Baphikisa ngokuthi abagibeli basolwandle bangase basebenze njengosomaqhinga bokuphuma enteleni, basebenzisa izimiso ze-libertarian njengesibuko sokubhema ukuze bagweme kokubili izibopho zezimali nezomphakathi. Isibonelo, ngo-2019, umbhangqwana wazama ukusungula indawo yasolwandle ngasogwini lwaseThailand ukugwema intela. Kodwa-ke, babhekane nemiphumela ebucayi yezomthetho evela kuhulumeni waseThailand, ekhombisa ubunzima obuhambisana nokuba semthethweni kwalo mkhuba.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwanda kokuhamba olwandle kuye kwashukumisela ohulumeni abathile ukuba babheke le miphakathi yasolwandle ezimele njengezingozi ezingase zibe sengozini yobukhosi bayo. Ohulumeni kazwelonke, njengaleyo yaseFrench Polynesia, lapho kwaqalwa khona iphrojekthi yokuhlola ulwandle futhi yashiywa ngo-2018, bazwakalise ukungabaza mayelana nomthelela wezwe wezepolitiki wokuhamba olwandle. Imibuzo yokuphatha, umthelela wendawo, kanye nokukhathazeka ngokuvikeleka kwethula izinselelo umbutho wamasosha olwandle okudingeka ubhekane nazo ukuze ubonwe njengenye indlela esemthethweni.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Njengoba umsebenzi osemajukujukwini usuphenduke insika emabhizinisini amaningi, umqondo wokuhamba olwandle usuphinde waba nentshisekelo, ikakhulukazi phakathi “kwama-aquapreneurs,” osomabhizinisi bezobuchwepheshe abazinikele ekuhloleni izilwandle eziphakeme. Njengoba abantu bethola izinga elisha lokunethezeka ekusebenzeni noma yikuphi, ukukhanga kwemiphakathi yasolwandle ezimele kukhulile. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi nakuba ukuqaliswa kokusebenza kolwandle kwakunezincazelo ezihlukile zezombusazwe, abaningi babasekeli bakho manje sebeshintshela ekugxileni kwabo ekusetshenzisweni okusebenzayo nokungase kube yinzuzo yalo mbono wasolwandle.

UCollins Chen, ohola i-Oceanix City, inkampani ezibophezele ekwakhiweni kwamadolobha antantayo, ubheka ukuhlala olwandle njengesixazululo esisebenzayo senselele yomhlaba wonke yokuminyana kwabantu emadolobheni. Ubeka icala lokuthi ukudoba olwandle kungase kube yinzuzo endaweni ezungezile ngokunciphisa isidingo sokugawulwa kwamahlathi nokubuyiselwa komhlaba, imikhuba evamile ehlobene nokwanda kwezindawo zasemadolobheni. Ngokwakha imiphakathi ezimele olwandle, ingqalasizinda ebalulekile njengezibhedlela nezikole ingathuthukiswa ngaphandle kokucindezela izinsiza zomhlaba. 

Ngokufanayo, i-Ocean Builders, inkampani ezinze ePanama, icabanga ukuthi imiphakathi yasolwandle ingase inikeze amasu athuthukisiwe okulawula ubhubhane lwesikhathi esizayo. Le miphakathi ingasebenzisa izindlela zokuzihlukanisa ngokuphumelelayo ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuvalwa kwemingcele noma ukuvalwa kwedolobha lonke, kugcinwe kokubili impilo yomphakathi kanye nemisebenzi yezomnotho. Umqedazwe we-COVID-19 ufakazele isidingo samasu avumelana nezimo futhi aguquguqukayo, futhi isiphakamiso se-Ocean Builders singase sinikeze isisombululo, nakuba singajwayelekile, kulezi zinselele.

Imithelela yokuhamba olwandle

Imithelela ebanzi yokuhamba olwandle ingase ihlanganise:

• Ohulumeni babheka emadolobheni antantayo njengezixazululo ezingaba khona zokukhuphuka kwezinsongo zolwandle.
• Abantu abacebile bakusasa kanye namaqembu anentshisekelo ekhethekile asebenzela ukwakha amazwe azimele, afana namazwe aseziqhingini.
• Amaphrojekthi wezakhiwo ahlanganisa imiklamo eyandayo ye-modular nesekelwe emanzini.
• Abahlinzeki bamandla esimeme babheka ukusebenzisa amandla elanga nawomoya asuka olwandle ukuze basekele le miphakathi.
• Ohulumeni baphinde bahlaziye futhi bacwengisise imithetho neziqondiso ezikhona zasolwandle, okugqugquzela izingxoxo ezibalulekile zomhlaba wonke futhi okungase kuholele kuzinhlaka zemithetho yamazwe ngamazwe ehambisanayo nefaka wonke umuntu.
• Imiphakathi entantayo iba izizinda zezomnotho ezintsha, iheha amathalente ahlukahlukene futhi ikhulise ukukhula komnotho, okuholela ezimakethe zezabasebenzi ezisanda kuzalwa kanye nezindawo zemisebenzi.
• Ukungalingani kwezenhlalo nezomnotho njengokuhamba olwandle kuba kakhulu kubantu abacebile nezinkampani.
• Ukukhathazeka ngemvelo kusukela ekusungulweni kwemiphakathi emikhulu entantayo, njengoba ukwakhiwa nokugcinwa kwayo kungaphazamisa imvelo yasolwandle.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ungavuma yini ukuhlala emiphakathini yasolwandle? Kungani noma kungani kungenjalo?
• Ucabanga ukuthi imiphi imiphumela engase ibe khona yokuhamba olwandle ezintweni eziphila olwandle?