Infrastructure cybersecurity: How safe are the essential sectors from hackers?

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  Quantumrun Foresight
• November 5, 2021

The financial burden of paying ransom demands highlights the need for proactive cybersecurity measures, particularly for criticial industries. Collaboration, information sharing, and the adoption of advanced technologies are crucial for effective cyber defense and staying ahead of cybercriminals. The long-term implications include increased spending on cybersecurity, the replacement of legacy infrastructure, stricter regulations, a growing demand for cybersecurity professionals.

Infrastructure cybersecurity context

The first half of 2021 witnessed a series of highly publicized ransomware attacks that sent shockwaves across industries and raised concerns about cybersecurity. Among these notable incidents was the attack on Colonial Pipeline, a major US-based oil pipeline operator, in February. This targeted assault forced the company to temporarily shut down one of its primary pipelines, resulting in fuel shortages and widespread panic. Similarly, in June 2021, Brazil-based meat producer JBS fell victim to a ransomware attack, which prompted the suspension of their beef production operations in the US. 

According to cybersecurity researcher Dragos, hacking groups have started focusing their attention on specific sectors that play a vital role in infrastructure and production. Critical industries, such as wind turbines, energy operations, and manufacturing and transport systems, have become prime targets for these malicious actors. The attackers employ sophisticated digital malware engines capable of scanning for exposed entry points within a company's IT systems. They exploit various methods, including phishing attacks and taking advantage of remote operation setups, to breach the security defenses of targeted organizations. By infiltrating these critical systems, the hackers gain leverage to disrupt operations, extort ransoms, or even sabotage infrastructure.

The impact of these ransomware attacks extends beyond the immediate operational disruptions. For instance, the Colonial Pipeline attack revealed the vulnerability of critical energy infrastructure, exposing the potential for widespread fuel shortages and impacting transportation networks. Furthermore, the JBS attack highlighted the vulnerability of global supply chains, raising concerns about food security and the potential for price fluctuations in the meat industry.

Disruptive impact

Colonial Pipeline and JBS admitted to paying millions of dollars to ransomware hackers to regain access to their data and resume operations. This development demonstrates the immense financial burden that such attacks impose on businesses, highlighting the need for proactive cybersecurity measures to mitigate potential losses. While larger organizations may have the resources to invest in robust cybersecurity systems, smaller companies and specific countries often find themselves more vulnerable due to their limited capabilities in combating cyber threats. 

Hackers, aware of these vulnerabilities, specifically target entities with weaker cybersecurity defenses. This tactic requires the urgent adoption of stringent cybersecurity measures at all levels, from individual users to governments and intergovernmental organizations. By enhancing cybersecurity regulations and standards, governments can play a pivotal role in safeguarding critical infrastructure. The release of the National Security Memorandum on Improving Cybersecurity for Critical Infrastructure Control Systems by US President Joe Biden in July 2021 serves as an example of government initiatives aiming to establish effective cybersecurity frameworks and standards.

Looking ahead, the global community needs collaboration and information sharing in cybersecurity. The evolving nature of cyber threats demands a collective effort to combat these challenges effectively. Stakeholders need to share insights, best practices, and threat intelligence to stay ahead of cybercriminals. Additionally, as governments and intergovernmental organizations release cybersecurity requirements and regulations, companies need to view these as opportunities to strengthen their cybersecurity posture and develop resilient defense systems. Embracing advanced technologies, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning, can empower organizations to detect and respond to emerging threats in real-time.

Implications of infrastructure cybersecurity

Wider implications of infrastructure cybsersecurity may include:

• Critical sectors spending the majority of their IT budgets on boosting cybersecurity, resulting in increased IT personnel and equipment.
• Critical sectors replacing legacy digital infrastructure entirely, and in some cases, replacing dated hardware and buildings. 
• Network system tech providers implementing more security checks and processes.
• Hackers practicing on newer systems to better understand how to bypass modernized security measures.
• Significant financial losses for businesses, leading to reduced investments, job cuts, and a decline in economic growth.
• The erosion of public trust in digital systems and technologies, leading to a greater emphasis on privacy and data protection.
• Governments enacting stricter regulations and international cooperation agreements to combat cyber threats, potentially reshaping geopolitical dynamics.
• Increased emphasis on cybersecurity education and training programs.
• Innovation in cybersecurity technologies, such as advanced threat detection systems, encryption methods, and secure communication protocols, fostering the development of more resilient digital infrastructures.
• The reliance on digital systems and interconnected infrastructure making companies vulnerable to cyber threats, highlighting the need for sustainable and resilient infrastructure designs that minimize the environmental impact of potential disruptions.

Questions to consider

• How do you make sure that your own online systems are secure?
• What types of threats could infrastructure hacking attacks pose in your home country?