Xenobots: Biology kuphatikiza luntha lochita kupanga zitha kutanthauza njira yamoyo watsopano

• Author:
• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• April 25, 2022

Chidule cha chidziwitso

Xenobots, moyo wochita kupanga wopangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zachilengedwe, ali okonzeka kusintha magawo osiyanasiyana, kuchokera kumankhwala kupita ku kuyeretsa chilengedwe. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timeneti, topangidwa mwa kuphatikiza kwa khungu ndi maselo a minofu ya mtima, imatha kugwira ntchito monga kusuntha, kusambira, ndi kudzichiritsa, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala obwezeretsa ndikumvetsetsa machitidwe ovuta achilengedwe. Zotsatira za nthawi yayitali za xenobots zimaphatikizapo njira zolondola zachipatala, kuchotsa zowononga bwino, mwayi watsopano wa ntchito, komanso nkhawa zachinsinsi.

Nkhani ya Xenobot

Amatchedwa chule waku Africa kapena Xenopus laevis, ma xenobots ndi moyo wopangidwa ndi makompyuta kuti agwire ntchito zinazake. Ma Xenobots amapangidwa ndikupangidwa pophatikiza minyewa yachilengedwe. Momwe mungatanthauzire ma xenobots - monga maloboti, zamoyo, kapena china chake - nthawi zambiri imakhalabe mkangano pakati pa ophunzira ndi omwe akuchita nawo malonda.

Kuyesera koyambirira kunaphatikizapo kupanga ma xenobots ndi m'lifupi mwake osakwana millimeter (0.039 mainchesi) ndipo amapangidwa ndi mitundu iwiri ya maselo: maselo a khungu ndi minofu ya mtima. Maselo a khungu ndi amtima amapangidwa kuchokera ku maselo a tsinde omwe amasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku mazira oyambirira, a blastula-stage chule. Maselo a khungu ankagwira ntchito ngati chithandizo, pamene maselo a mtima ankagwira ntchito mofanana ndi ma motors ang'onoang'ono, kukulitsa ndi kugwirizanitsa mu voliyumu kuyendetsa xenobot patsogolo. Mapangidwe a thupi la xenobot ndi kugawa kwa khungu ndi maselo a mtima adapangidwa modziyimira pawokha poyerekezera kudzera mu algorithm yosinthika. 

Kwa nthawi yayitali, ma xenobots amapangidwa kuti azisuntha, kusambira, kukankha ma pellets, kunyamula katundu, ndikugwira ntchito m'magulumagulu kuti atolere zinthu zomwe zimamwazikana kuzungulira mbale yawo kukhala milu yaudongo. Amatha kukhala ndi moyo kwa milungu ingapo popanda chakudya komanso kudzichiritsa pambuyo povulala. Ma Xenobots amatha kumera timadontho ta cilia m'malo mwa minofu yamtima ndikuwagwiritsa ntchito ngati timapalasi tating'ono tosambira. Komabe, kayendetsedwe ka xenobot koyendetsedwa ndi cilia sikumayendetsedwa bwino kuposa xenobot locomotion ndi minofu yamtima. Kuphatikiza apo, molekyulu ya ribonucleic acid ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa mu ma xenobots kuti ipereke kukumbukira kwa maselo: ikawonetsedwa ndi mtundu wina wa kuwala, imawala mtundu wina ikawonedwa pansi pa microscope ya fluorescence.

Zosokoneza

Mwanjira zina, ma xenobots amapangidwa ngati maloboti okhazikika, koma kugwiritsa ntchito ma cell ndi minofu mu xenobots kumawapatsa mawonekedwe apadera ndikupanga machitidwe odziwikiratu m'malo modalira zida zopangira. Ngakhale kuti ma xenobots am'mbuyomu adatsogoleredwa ndi kugunda kwa minofu ya mtima, mibadwo yatsopano ya xenobots imasambira mwachangu ndipo imayendetsedwa ndi mawonekedwe ngati tsitsi pamtunda wawo. Kuphatikiza apo, amakhala pakati pa masiku atatu ndi asanu ndi awiri motalika kuposa omwe adawatsogolera, omwe amakhala pafupifupi masiku asanu ndi awiri. Ma xenobots am'badwo wotsatira alinso ndi kuthekera kozindikira ndikulumikizana ndi malo ozungulira.

Xenobots ndi olowa m'malo awo atha kupereka chidziwitso cha kusinthika kwa zolengedwa zokhala ndi maselo ambiri kuchokera ku zamoyo zakale za cell imodzi komanso zoyambira pakukonza zidziwitso, kupanga zisankho, ndi kuzindikira zamoyo zamoyo. Kubwereza kwamtsogolo kwa ma xenobots kumatha kupangidwa kuchokera ku maselo a odwala kuti akonze minyewa yowonongeka kapena kulunjika makamaka makhansa. Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwawo kwachilengedwe, ma implants a xenobot angakhale ndi mwayi kuposa pulasitiki kapena njira zaukadaulo zaukadaulo zachitsulo, zomwe zitha kukhala ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu pamankhwala obwezeretsanso. 

Kupititsa patsogolo kwa "maloboti" achilengedwe kungathandize anthu kumvetsetsa bwino machitidwe amoyo ndi ma robotiki. Popeza kuti zamoyo n’zocholoŵana, kuwongolera mitundu ya moyo kungatithandize kuvumbula zinsinsi zina za moyo, komanso kupititsa patsogolo kagwiritsidwe ntchito kathu ka machitidwe a AI. Kupatula pakugwiritsa ntchito pompopompo, ma xenobots atha kuthandiza ofufuza pakufuna kwawo kumvetsetsa biology yama cell, ndikutsegulira njira yamtsogolo yaumoyo wamunthu komanso kupita patsogolo kwa moyo.

Zotsatira za xenobots

Zotsatira zazikulu za xenobots zingaphatikizepo:

• Kuphatikizika kwa ma xenobots muzachipatala, zomwe zimatsogolera ku maopaleshoni olondola komanso ocheperako, kukonza nthawi yochira kwa odwala.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito ma xenobots pakuyeretsa chilengedwe, zomwe zimatsogolera kuchotsedwa bwino kwa zowononga ndi poizoni, kupititsa patsogolo thanzi lazachilengedwe.
• Kupanga zida zophunzitsira zochokera ku xenobot, zomwe zimathandizira kupititsa patsogolo maphunziro a biology ndi robotic, kulimbikitsa chidwi m'magawo a STEM pakati pa ophunzira.
• Kupanga mwayi watsopano wa ntchito mu kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha xenobot.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika kwa ma xenobots pakuwunika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale nkhawa zachinsinsi komanso kufunikira kwa malamulo atsopano kuti ateteze ufulu wamunthu.
• Kuopsa kwa ma xenobots kuyanjana mosayembekezereka ndi zamoyo zachilengedwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zotsatira zosayembekezereka zachilengedwe komanso zomwe zimafunikira kuyang'anira ndi kuwongolera mosamala.
• Mtengo wokwera wa chitukuko cha xenobot ndi kukhazikitsa, zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto azachuma kwa mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono komanso kusalingana komwe kungatheke pakupeza ukadaulo uwu.
• Malingaliro amakhalidwe ozungulira kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma xenobots, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mikangano yayikulu komanso zovuta zamalamulo zomwe zitha kusintha ndondomeko yamtsogolo.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Kodi mukuganiza kuti ma xenobots angayambitse matenda omwe sanachiritsidwe kuchiritsidwa kapena kulola omwe akuvutika nawo kukhala ndi moyo wautali komanso wobala zipatso?
• Ndizinthu zina ziti zomwe kafukufuku wa xenobot angagwiritsidwe ntchito?