Zovuta zamaphunziro azovuta: AI ikaphunzitsidwa zokondera

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  Quantumrun Foresight
• October 14, 2022

Chidule cha chidziwitso

Ndife zomwe timaphunzira ndikuziyika mkati; dictum iyi imagwiranso ntchito ku Artificial Intelligence (AI). Mitundu yophunzirira pamakina (ML) yodyetsedwa ndi data yosakwanira, yokondera, komanso yosagwirizana ndi mfundo zomwe zimatha kupanga zisankho ndi malingaliro ovuta. Ma aligorivimu amphamvuwa amatha kukhudzanso machitidwe ndi malingaliro a ogwiritsa ntchito ngati ofufuza sasamala.

Mavuto okhudzana ndi zovuta zamaphunziro

Kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma 2010, magulu ofufuza akhala akuwunikiridwa kuti agwiritse ntchito zidziwitso zophunzitsira zomwe zili ndi zosayenera kapena zosonkhanitsidwa molakwika. Mwachitsanzo, mu 2016, Microsoft's MS-Celeb-1M database inali ndi zithunzi 10 miliyoni za 100,000 otchuka osiyanasiyana. Komabe, ataunikanso, olemba nkhani adapeza kuti zithunzi zambiri zinali za anthu wamba omwe amakokedwa kuchokera pamasamba osiyanasiyana popanda chilolezo cha eni ake kapena kudziwa.

Ngakhale izi zidazindikira, deta idapitilirabe kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makampani akuluakulu monga Facebook ndi SenseTime, kampani yaku China yozindikira nkhope yomwe ili ndi maulalo a apolisi aboma. Mofananamo, deta yomwe ili ndi zithunzi za anthu omwe akuyenda pamsasa wa Duke University (DukeMTMC) nawonso sanapeze chilolezo. Potsirizira pake, ma dataset onsewo anachotsedwa. 

Kuti awonetse zotsatira zowononga zavuto la maphunziro, ofufuza a Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) adapanga AI yotchedwa Norman yomwe adawaphunzitsa kuti azijambula zithunzi kuchokera ku subreddit yomwe imasonyeza zachiwawa. Gululo lidayika Norman motsutsana ndi neural network yophunzitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito wamba. Ofufuzawa adapereka machitidwe onsewa ndi ma inkblots a Rorschach ndipo adafunsa ma AI kuti afotokoze zomwe adawona. Zotsatira zake zinali zodabwitsa: pomwe neural network yokhazikika idawona "chithunzi chakuda ndi choyera cha baseball golovu," Norman adawona "mwamuna yemwe adaphedwa ndi mfuti masana masana." Kuyesaku kunawonetsa kuti AI siingokondera zokha, koma njira zolowetsa deta ndi zolinga za omwe adazipanga zimatha kukhudza kwambiri machitidwe a AI.

Zosokoneza

Mu 2021, bungwe lofufuza la Allen Institute for AI lidapanga Funsani Delphi, pulogalamu ya ML yomwe imapanga mayankho a mayankho ku funso lililonse labwino. Ofufuza omwe adayambitsa ntchitoyi adanena kuti AI pang'onopang'ono ikukhala yamphamvu komanso yodziwika bwino, choncho asayansi ayenera kuphunzitsa machitidwe a ML. Mtundu wa Unicorn ML ndiye maziko a Delphi. Linapangidwa kuti lipereke malingaliro a "nzeru", monga kusankha mathero otheka kwambiri a chingwe cha mawu. 

Komanso, ofufuza adagwiritsa ntchito 'Commonsense Norm Bank.' Bankiyi ili ndi zitsanzo zokwana 1.7 miliyoni za kuwunika kwamakhalidwe a anthu ochokera kumadera ngati Reddit. Zotsatira zake, zotuluka za Delphi zinali thumba losakanikirana. Delphi adayankha mafunso ena momveka bwino (mwachitsanzo, kufanana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi), pamene, pamitu ina, Delphi inali yonyansa kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, kuphedwa kwa mafuko ndikovomerezeka malinga ngati kumapangitsa anthu kukhala osangalala).

Komabe, Delphi AI ikuphunzira kuchokera ku zochitika zake ndipo ikuwoneka kuti ikukonzanso mayankho ake potengera ndemanga. Akatswiri ena amavutitsidwa ndi kafukufuku wapoyera komanso kugwiritsa ntchito poyera, poganizira kuti chitsanzocho chikuchitika ndipo chimakhala ndi mayankho olakwika. Pamene Funsani Delphi adayamba, a Mar Hicks, pulofesa wa mbiri yakale ku Illinois Tech wodziwa za jenda, ntchito, ndi mbiri ya makompyuta, adanena kuti kunali kunyalanyaza ochita kafukufuku kuitanira anthu kuti agwiritse ntchito, poganizira kuti Delphi nthawi yomweyo adapereka mayankho osagwirizana kwambiri ndi ena. zonse zamkhutu. 

Mu 2023, Dziko Lonse adachita kafukufuku wokhudza kukondera kwa opanga zithunzi za AI. Pogwiritsa ntchito Midjourney, ofufuza adapeza kuti zithunzi zomwe zidapangidwa zimatsimikizira zomwe zidalipo kale. Kuphatikiza apo, OpenAI itagwiritsa ntchito zosefera ku data yophunzitsira ya mtundu wake wazithunzi za DALL-E 2, mosadziwa idakulitsa kukondera kokhudzana ndi jenda.

Zotsatira za zovuta za maphunziro

Zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi zovuta zamaphunziro azovuta zingaphatikizepo: 

• Kulimbikitsa kukondera pamapulojekiti ofufuza, ntchito, ndi chitukuko cha pulogalamu. Zomwe zili zovuta pakuphunzitsidwa zimakhudzidwa makamaka ngati zikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabungwe azamalamulo ndi mabanki (mwachitsanzo, kuloza magulu ang'onoang'ono).
• Kuchulukitsa ndalama ndi chitukuko pakukula ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa data yophunzitsira. 
• Maboma ochulukirapo akuwonjezera malamulo kuti achepetse momwe mabungwe amapangira, kugulitsa, ndikugwiritsa ntchito deta yophunzitsira pazochita zosiyanasiyana zamalonda.
• Mabizinesi ochulukira omwe amakhazikitsa madipatimenti a zamakhalidwe kuti awonetsetse kuti mapulojekiti oyendetsedwa ndi machitidwe a AI amatsata malangizo.
• Kuwunika kopitilira muyeso pakugwiritsa ntchito AI pazaumoyo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuwongolera bwino kwa data, kuwonetsetsa chinsinsi cha odwala komanso kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera kwa AI.
• Kuchulukitsa kwa mgwirizano wamagulu aboma ndi wabizinesi kuti alimbikitse kuphunzira kwa AI, kupatsa ogwira ntchito maluso amtsogolo motsogozedwa ndi AI.
• Kukwera pakufunika kwa zida zowonekera za AI, zomwe zimatsogolera makampani kuti aziyika patsogolo kufotokozera m'makina a AI kuti ogula amvetsetse komanso kudalira.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Kodi mabungwe angapewe bwanji kugwiritsa ntchito zovuta zamaphunziro?
• Ndi zotsatira zina zotani zomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha maphunziro osavomerezeka?