I-inthanethi ye-5G: Uxhumo olunesivinini esiphezulu, olunomthelela ophezulu

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• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• July 21, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

I-inthanethi ye-5G imele ukweqa okukhulu kubuchwepheshe beselula, enikeza isivinini esingakaze sibonwe ngaphambili kanye nokubambezeleka okuncishisiwe, okungaguqula izimboni ezihlukahlukene nempilo yansuku zonke. Inamandla okuvumela ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe ngenkathi futhi yenza intando yeningi ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi enesivinini esikhulu ezindaweni ezinganakekelwa kahle. Nokho, iphinde ibhekane nezinselele, okuhlanganisa ukukhathazeka komphakathi mayelana nomthelela wemvelo kanye nesidingo sezinqubomgomo ezintsha zikahulumeni zokulinganisela ukukhula kobuchwepheshe nobumfihlo bedatha.

Ingqikithi ye-inthanethi ye-5G

I-inthanethi yesizukulwane sesihlanu, evame ukwaziwa nge-5G, imaka ukweqa okubalulekile kokwandulelayo. Lobu buchwepheshe beselula obuthuthukisiwe buthembisa isivinini esingafika ku-1 gigabyte ngomzuzwana, okuhluke kakhulu kumamegabhithi angu-8-10 ngesivinini sesekhondi le-4G, okulenza libe ngokushesha izikhathi ezingu-50 kunesilinganiso sesivinini se-Broadband sase-US. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe be-5G bunikeza ukubambezeleka okuncishisiwe, ukubambezeleka ngaphambi kokudluliswa kwedatha kuqala kulandela umyalelo, cishe ngama-millisecond angu-20-30 uma kuqhathaniswa ne-4G. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kwejubane nokusabela kubeka i-5G njengento engaba yisisusa sezinto ezintsha ezintsha namamodeli ebhizinisi, ikakhulukazi kwezokuxhumana nezokuzijabulisa.

Imithelela yezezimali ye-5G mikhulu, njengoba kubikezelwe ngu-Ericsson, inkampani yemishini yezokuxhumana ezinze eSweden. Ukuhlaziya kwabo kubikezela ukuthi i-5G ingase ikhiqize imali engenayo yabathengi emhlabeni wonke eqongelelekayo engu-USD $31 trillion embonini yolwazi nobuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana ngo-2030. Kubahlinzeki besevisi yezokuxhumana, ukufika kwe-5G kungaholela emathubeni amakhulu emali engenayo, okungenzeka ukuthi ifinyelele ku-USD $131 billion kusuka kusevisi yedijithali. imali engenayo ngeminikelo ehlukahlukene yohlelo lwe-5G. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkampani yezokubonisana iMcKinsey iphrojekthi yokwenyuka okwengeziwe kwe-USD $1.5 kuya ku-$2 trillion emkhiqizweni wasekhaya wase-US, okubangelwa ukufinyelela okunwetshiwe olwazini, ukuxhumana, nezinsizakalo zedijithali eziqhutshwa i-5G.

Umthelela obanzi womphakathi we-5G udlulela ngale kwezinzuzo nje zezomnotho. Ngokuxhunywa kwayo ngesivinini esiphezulu kanye nokubambezeleka okuncishisiwe, i-5G ingase futhi ivule indlela yobuchwepheshe obuthuthukile njengezinto ezingokoqobo ezingathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona kanye nezimoto ezizimele, ezithembele kakhulu ekudlulisweni kwedatha ngokushesha. Ukwengeza, i-5G ingadlala indima ebalulekile ekuvaleni ukuhlukana kwedijithali, inikeze ukufinyelela kwe-inthanethi ngesivinini esikhulu ezindaweni ebezinganakiwe ngaphambilini, ukufinyelela kwentando yeningi olwazini nasezinsizeni zedijithali. 

Umthelela ophazamisayo

I-inthanethi ye-5G ekhanyiswe ngeqoqo lezinkanyezi lesathelayithi le-low-earth (LEO) inezithembiso eziningi ezinkampanini. Amasathelayithi e-LEO andiza enqamula i-stratosphere endaweni ephakeme engamamitha angama-20,000. Le orbit isiza ukusakazwa kwe-5G endaweni enkulu, ngisho nezikude imibhoshongo engakwazi ukuyifinyelela. Okunye ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda kubandakanya ukuthunyelwa kwamanethiwekhi aminyene amabhokisi e-5G nemibhoshongo ezindaweni zasemadolobheni ezingamukela ukuxhumana okwengeziwe ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Njengomphumela wengqalasizinda ethuthukisiwe, i-5G ingasekela ukwamukelwa kwe-inthanethi Yezinto (IoT) ngokusekela inombolo enkulu yokuxhumana phakathi kwamadivayisi nemishini (isb, ezindlini, emakhempasi, noma ezimbonini). Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanethiwekhi eselula e-5G nawe-Wi-Fi 6 aklanyelwe ukusebenza ndawonye ngokwemvelo. Lokhu kubambisana kuvumela izinkampani ukuthi zilandelele izinto ngenqubo yokukhiqiza, zivumelanise izinhlelo zokukhiqiza, futhi zihlele kabusha imigqa yokukhiqiza ngokusekelwe ezimeni zemakethe kanye nezimfuno—ngaphandle kwedatha yezimboni ebucayi eke ishiye indawo. 

Ngaleso sikhathi, ubuchwepheshe be-virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) buyazuza kuzivinini eziphakeme nezizinzile ze-5G, okuvumela imidlalo yamafu engenazihibe kanye nokuzizwisa kwedijithali okugxilile. Izimoto ezizimele nazo zizohlomula ku-5G njengoba ukuxhumana okusheshayo kuzivumela ukuthi zilande izingxenye ezilambele idatha njengamamephu asebenzisanayo nezibuyekezo zokuphepha.

Imiphumela ye-inthanethi ye-5G

Imithelela ebanzi ye-inthanethi ye-5G ingabandakanya:

• I-Virtual reality (i-VR) kanye nobuchwepheshe be-augmented reality (AR) budlanga emikhakheni ehlukahlukene efana ne-forensics, ezokuvakasha, ezemfundo, ezempilo, kanye nemihlaba ebonakalayo, okuthuthukisa ukufunda okunesipiliyoni nokuzizwisa okujulile.
• Izimboni zamarobhothi ezisebenzisa isivinini sokuxhuma ngokushesha ukuze zithuthukise ukusebenzisana phakathi kwabantu namarobhothi, ikakhulukazi ekusebenziseni amarobhothi asebenzisanayo kuzilungiselelo zokukhiqiza.
• Ukukhathazeka okukhulayo komphakathi kanye nokungabaza ngomthelela wemvelo we-5G kanye nokusabalala kolwazi olunganembile oluhlobene nobuchwepheshe be-5G, okungenzeka luvimbele ukutholwa kwayo.
• Ukuvumelanisa okuthuthukisiwe phakathi kwamadivayisi ahlakaniphile nezinto zikagesi, okuholela kulwazi lwabasebenzisi olungenamthungo futhi olunembile kubuchwepheshe bekhaya elihlakaniphile nezinto zokufaneleka.
• Ukuvela kokuziphatha okusha komphakathi kanye namaphethini okusetshenziswa kwemidiya aqhutshwa amandla e-5G, ukulungisa kabusha ukuxhumana phakathi kwabantu nokuzijabulisa.
• Uhulumeni usungula izinqubomgomo ezintsha zokulawula ibhalansi phakathi kwentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kanye nobumfihlo bedatha, kwakha ukwethembana okukhulu phakathi kwabathengi.
• Amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo athola ukufinyelela okwandisiwe kubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe, alinganisa inkundla ngezinkampani ezinkulu kanye nokugqugquzela ukusungula izinto ezintsha.
• Izinkampani zezokuxhumana ezibhekene nezinselelo ekwandiseni ingqalasizinda ezindaweni zasemakhaya nezingabhekelelwa kahle, okugqamisa ukuhlukana kwedijithali kanye nesidingo sokufinyelela i-inthanethi ngokulinganayo.
• I-5G inika amandla izindawo zokusebenza ezikude ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ezikude, okuholela ekushintsheni kwezibalo zabantu basemadolobheni nasezindaweni zasemadolobheni njengoba abantu bekhetha ukuphila okuvumelana nezimo namalungiselelo okusebenza.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• I-5G ikuguqule kanjani ukwenza kwakho ku-inthanethi?
• Yiziphi ezinye izindlela i-5G engathuthukisa ngayo indlela esisebenza ngayo?