Utoto woyera kwambiri: Njira yokhazikika yoziziritsira nyumba

• Author:
• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• November 3, 2022

Chidule cha chidziwitso

Chimodzi mwa zovuta kwambiri za kusintha kwa nyengo ndi kutentha kwa dziko, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafunde atenthedwe komanso kufunikira kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya wa carbon. Komabe, gulu la ofufuza lapeza utoto woyera woziziritsa womwe ungakhale wothandiza kwambiri pakuziziritsa nyumba zonse. Zotsatira za nthawi yayitali za zomwe zapezedwazi zingaphatikizepo kafukufuku wowonjezereka wa kuzizira kwatsopano ndi maboma kulamula nyumba zatsopano kuti zigwiritse ntchito zinthu zomwe zimagwirizana ndi chilengedwe.

Mtundu wa penti yoyera kwambiri

Kutentha kwa dziko kumachitika pamene carbon dioxide ndi zinthu zina zowononga mpweya zimawunjikana mumlengalenga ndi kuyamwa kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa komwe kumalowa padziko lapansi. Nthawi zambiri, ma radiation amatha kuthawira mumlengalenga, koma zoipitsa izi zimatha kukhala kwazaka zambiri, kutsekereza kutentha ndikupangitsa kuti dziko litenthe. Chiyambireni Chisinthiko cha Industrial Revolution, kutentha kwapadziko lonse kwakwera pafupifupi 1 digiri Celsius (kapena 2 digiri Fahrenheit).

Kuyambira pachiyambi cha kusunga zolembedwa molondola mu 1880 mpaka 1980, kutentha kwapadziko lonse kunakwera ndi 0.07 digiri Celsius (0.13 madigiri Fahrenheit) pazaka khumi. Komabe, kuyambira 1981, mlingo umenewu wawonjezereka kuŵirikiza kaŵiri. Pa avereji, kutentha kwapadziko lonse kunakwera ndi 0.18 digiri Celsius (0.32 madigiri Fahrenheit) zaka khumi zilizonse. 

Kupatula kuchepetsa kugwiritsira ntchito mafuta oyaka, makampani akufufuza njira zothandiza kwambiri zothanirana ndi kutentha kwa dziko, mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito utoto panyumba. Utoto woyera womwe umatha kupirira kutentha nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi titanium dioxide, yomwe imasonyeza kutalika kwa mafunde koma saletsa kuwala kwa dzuwa; kusiyana kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti malo azikhala otentha. 

Kuyambira mchaka cha 2015, ofufuza aku University of Purdue akhala akugwira ntchito ndi zida zomwe zimatha kuwonetsa kuwala kwa dzuwa m'malo mongoyesa kukonza mitundu yomwe ilipo yomwe imangoyamwa cheza. Gululo linayesa za 100 zipangizo zosiyanasiyana, potsirizira pake anaganiza za barium sulfate. Chigawochi ndi chinthu chodziwika bwino chowunikira UV chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zodzoladzola, pepala la zithunzi zowunikira, utoto wamafuta, mayeso a x-ray, ndi ntchito zina. 

Zosokoneza

Mu 2020, akatswiri opanga makina a Purdue University adalengeza kuti achita bwino kupanga utoto woyera kwambiri womwe ulipo. Gululo linapanga utoto wonyezimira kwambiri womwe umawunikira mpaka 98.1 peresenti ya kuwala kwadzuwa ndipo nthawi yomweyo umawunikira kutentha kwa infrared kutali ndi pamwamba. Gululi likuyembekeza kuti kupaka nyumba ndi pentiyi tsiku lina kungathe kuziziziritsa kuti zichepetse kufunika kwa mpweya wozizira.

Malinga ndi pulofesa wa uinjiniya wamakina Xiulin Ruan, penti yoyera kwambiri imatha kuzirala ma kilowatts 10 ngati itapakidwa padenga laling'ono pafupifupi 1,000 mapazi. Manambalawa ndi ochulukirapo kuposa momwe mayunitsi owongolera mpweya angapereke. 

Zinthu ziwiri zazikulu za utoto woyera kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa barium sulfate komanso kupanga kwake. Kuyera kwa utoto kumatanthauzanso kuti ndiyozizira kwambiri, malinga ndi zida zowerengera kutentha kwambiri kwa thermocouples. Ofufuzawo adayesa kunja usiku ndipo adapeza kuti utotowo ukhoza kusunga malo -7 digiri Celsius (19 degrees Fahrenheit) pozizira kuposa malo omwe amakhala. Poyerekeza, utoto woyera wambiri wamalonda womwe ulipo umakhala wofunda m'malo mozizira. Utoto woyera wamalonda wapangidwa kuti ukane kutentha, umangowonetsa 80 mpaka 90 peresenti ya kuwala kwa dzuwa, ndipo sungathe kupangitsa kuti malo azikhala ozizira kuposa malo ozungulira.

Zotsatira za utoto woyera kwambiri

Zowonjezereka za utoto woyera kwambiri zingaphatikizepo: 

• Makampani opanga mayendedwe ndi zopangira amagwiritsa ntchito utoto woyera kwambiri kuziziritsa zombo zamagalimoto, kuphatikiza magalimoto, mabasi, masitima apamtunda, zombo, ndi ndege.
• Maboma omwe akulamula nyumba zatsopano amagwiritsa ntchito utoto woyera kwambiri pothandizira kuziziritsa mizinda ndi m'matawuni.
• Kutsatsa kwa utoto wonyezimira kwambiri, zomwe zimatsogolera kumakampani osiyanasiyana kupanga mitundu ina yazinthu, zomwe zitha kukulitsa kusankha kwa ogula komanso kutsika kwamitengo.
• Opanga utoto woyera kwambiri komanso opanga ma solar amathandizira kuti apereke ndalama kwa eni nyumba popeza ma solar amayenda bwino pakutentha kotsika.
• Kuchepetsa kupanga mayunitsi oziziritsira mpweya m'mayiko omwe ali ndi nyengo yozizira. Komabe, ma air conditioners angakhalebe ofunidwa kwambiri ndi malo pafupi ndi equator.
• Omanga nyumba ndi malonda akuphatikiza utoto woyera kwambiri pamapangidwe anyumba, kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zamagetsi ndikuchepetsa kudalira makina ozizirira.
• Opanga utoto akuyang'anizana ndi masinthidwe azinthu zogulitsira, monga kufunikira kwa zosakaniza zoyera zoyera kwambiri, zomwe zimakhudza misika yapadziko lonse lapansi.
• Okonza mapulani akumatauni akuphatikiza utoto woyera kwambiri m'mapulojekiti azomangamanga za anthu kuti achepetse kutentha kwa zisumbu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyengo yamatawuni ikhale yabwino.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Kodi penti yoyera kwambiri ingagwiritsidwe ntchito bwanji kupitilira zomanga ndi zoyendera? 
• Kodi penti yoyera kwambiri ingalimbikitse bwanji ochita kafukufuku kupanga zida zothana ndi kutentha kwa dziko?