Upende omhlophe kakhulu: Indlela eqhubekayo yokupholisa amakhaya

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• November 3, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Omunye wemiphumela emibi kakhulu yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke, okuholela ekushiseni kwamagagasi kanye nokwanda kwesidingo sama-air conditioner akhipha ikhabhoni. Kodwa-ke, iqembu labacwaningi lithole upende omhlophe opholile ongasebenza kangcono ekupholiseni zonke izakhiwo. Imithelela yesikhathi eside yalokhu kutholwa ingase ihlanganise ucwaningo olwandisiwe lokupholisa izinto ezintsha kanye nohulumeni ogunyaza izakhiwo ezintsha ukuthi zamukele izici ezivumelana nemvelo.

Umongo wopende omhlophe kakhulu

Ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kwenzeka lapho isikhutha nezinye izinto ezingcolisa umoya zinqwabelana emkhathini futhi zimunca ukukhanya kwelanga nemisebe yelanga engena emhlabeni. Ngokuvamile, imisebe ingabalekela emkhathini, kodwa lezi zinto ezingcolisayo zingase zihlale amakhulu eminyaka, zibambe ukushisa futhi zenze iplanethi ifudumale. Kusukela ngeNguquko Yezimboni, izinga lokushisa elimaphakathi lomhlaba liye lenyuka cishe ngo-1 degree Celsius (noma 2 degrees Fahrenheit).

Kusukela ekuqaleni kokugcinwa kwerekhodi okunembile ngo-1880 kuze kube ngu-1980, izinga lokushisa elimaphakathi lomhlaba lenyuka ngo-0.07 degrees Celsius (0.13 degrees Fahrenheit) ngeshumi leminyaka ngalinye. Nokho, kusukela ngo-1981, leli zinga liye laphindeka ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabili. Ngokwesilinganiso, izinga lokushisa lomhlaba wonke lenyuka ngo-0.18 degrees Celsius (0.32 degrees Fahrenheit) njalo eshumini leminyaka. 

Ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi, izinkampani zihlola izindlela ezingokoqobo zokubhekana nokushisa komhlaba, ngokwesibonelo, zisebenzisa upende ezakhiweni. Opende abamhlophe ababonisa ukushisa ngokuvamile bakhiwa i-titanium dioxide, ebonisa ubude beza obuthile bokukhanya kodwa engayivimbi imisebe yelanga ye-ultraviolet (UV); lesi sikhala senza izindawo ezingaphezulu zishise. 

Kusukela ngo-2015, abacwaningi basePurdue University bebesebenza ngezinto ezingabonisa imisebe yelanga ye-UV kunokuzama nje ukuthuthukisa izinhlobo ezikhona zikapende ezimunca imisebe kuphela. Ithimba lazama izinto ezihlukene eziyi-100, ekugcineni lanquma nge-barium sulfate. Le ngxenye iyinto eyaziwayo ebonisa i-UV esetshenziswa kuzimonyo, iphepha lesithombe elikhanyayo, upende kawoyela, ukuhlolwa kwe-x-ray, nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza. 

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Ngo-2020, onjiniyela bemishini baseNyuvesi yasePurdue bamemezele ukuthi baphumelele ekwakheni upende omhlophe kunawo wonke okhona. Iqembu likhiqize upende omhlophe qwa okhombisa ukufika kumaphesenti angama-98.1 okukhanya kwelanga futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukhipha ukushisa kwe-infrared kude nendawo. Ithimba lithemba ukuthi ukunameka izakhiwo ngalo pende kungase ngolunye usuku kukwazi ukuzipholisa ngokwanele ukuze kuncishiswe isidingo se-air conditioning.

Ngokukaprofesa wobunjiniyela bemishini u-Xiulin Ruan, upende omhlophe kakhulu ungafinyelela amandla okupholisa ama-kilowatts angu-10 uma upendwe endaweni ephahleni cishe engamafidi-skwele angu-1,000. Lezi zinombolo zingaphezu kwalokho okungahlinzekwa ngamayunithi okupholisa umoya. 

Izici ezimbili ezibalulekile zikapende omhlophe kakhulu ukugcwala kwawo okuphezulu kwe-barium sulfate kanye nenqubo yawo yokukhiqiza. Ubumhlophe bopende buphinde buveze ukuthi bubanda kakhulu, ngokusho kwemishini yokufunda yokushisa okunemba okuphezulu kwe-thermocouples. Abacwaningi bahlole ngaphandle ebusuku bathola ukuthi upende ungagcina izindawo ezingaphezulu -7 degrees Celsius (19 degrees Fahrenheit) zipholile kunendawo abahlala kuyo. Uma kuqhathaniswa, opende abaningi abamhlophe bezentengiselwano abatholakalayo bayafudumala esikhundleni sokuba bapholile. Opende abamhlophe bezentengiselwano baklanyelwe ukwenqaba ukushisa, babonisa kuphela amaphesenti angu-80 kuya kwangu-90 okukhanya kwelanga, futhi abakwazi ukwenza izindawo ezipholile zibe ngcono kunendawo ezizungezile.

Imithelela yopende omhlophe kakhulu

Imithelela ebanzi yopende omhlophe kakhulu ingase ihlanganise: 

• Imboni yezokuthutha neyokuthutha isebenzisa upende omhlophe qwa ukupholisa izimoto, okuhlanganisa izimoto, amabhasi, izitimela, imikhumbi, nezindiza.
• Ohulumeni abagunyaza izakhiwo ezintsha basebenzisa upende omhlophe kakhulu ukuze basize ekupholiseni amadolobha nasezindaweni zasemadolobheni.
• Ukuthengiswa kopende omhlophe kakhulu, okuholela ezinkampanini ezihlukene ezakha ezinye izinguqulo zomkhiqizo, ezingakhuphula ukukhetha kwabathengi nezintengo eziphansi.
• Upende omhlophe kakhulu nabakhiqizi bephaneli yelanga babambisana ukuze banikeze amaphasela amadili kubanikazi bezindlu njengoba amaphaneli elanga esebenza kahle kakhulu emazingeni okushisa aphansi.
• Ukuncipha kokukhiqizwa kwamayunithi okupholisa umoya emazweni anesimo sezulu esipholile. Kodwa-ke, ama-air conditioner asengase abe nesidingo esikhulu sezindawo eziseduze nenkabazwe.
• Abathuthukisi bezakhiwo zokuhlala nezokuhwebelana bahlanganisa upende omhlophe qwa emidwebeni yezakhiwo, okuthuthukisa ukonga kwamandla kanye nokunciphisa ukuthembela kumasistimu okupholisa okwenziwa.
• Abakhiqizi bakapende babhekene namashifu ku-supply chain dynamics, njengoba kukhula isidingo sezithako zikapende omhlophe qwa, okunomthelela ezimakethe zomhlaba.
• Abahleli basemadolobheni abahlanganisa upende omhlophe kakhulu kumaphrojekthi wengqalasizinda yomphakathi ukuze kuncishiswe imiphumela yesiqhingi sokushisa, okuholela esimweni sezulu sasemadolobheni esithuthukisiwe.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Upende omhlophe kakhulu ungasetshenziswa kanjani ngaphandle kwezakhiwo zokwakha nezokuthutha? 
• Upende omhlophe kakhulu ungakhuthaza kanjani abacwaningi ukuba bakhe izinto ezilwa nokushisa komhlaba?