Inshuwaransi ya Artificial Intelligence Liability: Ndani ayenera kukhala ndi udindo AI ikalephera?

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  Quantumrun Foresight
• August 5, 2022

Chidule cha chidziwitso

Pamene mabizinesi akuphatikiza nzeru zopangapanga komanso kuphunzira pamakina (AI/ML), malamulo a inshuwaransi apadera akubwera kuti athe kuthana ndi zoopsa zapadera monga katangale wa data ndi kuba zitsanzo. Mfundo za AI/ML-zachindunji izi zimasiyana ndi inshuwaransi yanthawi zonse ya pa intaneti, zomwe zimayang'ana kupitilira kulephera kwadongosolo la digito, monga kuvulazidwa ndi AI. Kukula kogwiritsa ntchito kwa AI kukupangitsa kuti pakhale malamulo atsopano, maudindo apadera a ntchito, ndi miyezo yamakampani osiyanasiyana, zomwe zimalimbikitsa chilichonse kuyambira pakutetezedwa kwa ogula kupita ku zoyambira pa kafukufuku wa AI.

Inshuwaransi ya inshuwaransi ya AI

Mabizinesi akuphatikiza kwambiri AI/ML muzochita zawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale inshuwaransi yapadera. Ndondomekozi zidapangidwa kuti zichepetse ziwopsezo zomwe zimachitika pamapulogalamu a AI ndi ML. Akadali m'magawo ang'onoang'ono, ndondomeko za inshuwaransi za AI/ML zakhala zofunikira pamene mabizinesi akukulitsa kugwiritsa ntchito matekinolojewa. Kufotokozera kwenikweni kwa ndondomekozi sikunafotokozedwe bwino, koma akuyembekezeredwa kuthana ndi mavuto monga katangale wa deta, kuba zinthu zaluntha zokhudzana ndi zitsanzo za AI, ndi kutayika kwa adani.

Pali kusiyana kosiyana pakati pa inshuwaransi ya cyber ndi inshuwaransi yeniyeni ya AI/ML. Inshuwaransi yachikhalidwe ya cyber nthawi zambiri imayang'anira kulephera kwadongosolo la digito, kuphatikiza zinthu monga kusokonekera kwa bizinesi, komanso mangawa okhudzana ndi chitetezo chazidziwitso ndi kuphwanya zinsinsi. Komabe, inshuwaransi yapadera ya AI/ML imayang'ana kwambiri zoopsa zomwe zimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa AI. Mwachitsanzo, inshuwaransi yapaintaneti ya cyber sitha kuwononga zowonongeka kuchokera ku zovuta zamakina a AI zomwe zimavulaza thupi kapena kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa mtundu.

Zochitika ngati ngozi yokhudzana ndi galimoto yodziyendetsa yokha ya Uber ku Arizona, yomwe idapangitsa kuti munthu woyenda pansi aphedwe, zikuwonetsa kufunikira kwa njira ya AI. Inshuwaransi yachikhalidwe ya cyber, yokhazikika mu inshuwaransi yazachuma, nthawi zambiri imapatula ngongole zotere. Momwemonso, injini ya antivayirasi yochokera ku Blackberry Security ya AI itazindikira molakwika kuti chiwombolo chowopsa chinali choyipa, kuwonongeka kwamtundu komwe kungachitike pazochitika zotere sikungapangidwe ndi inshuwaransi wamba ya cyber. 

Zosokoneza

Machitidwe anzeru opangira siangwiro. Mwachitsanzo, akhoza kudziwika molakwika nkhope kapena kuchititsa galimoto yodziyimira payokha kugunda galimoto ina. Izi zikachitika, tinganene kuti dongosolo la AI ndi "lokondera" kapena "lolakwitsa." Zolakwa zomwe zingachitike ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa momwe AI imagwirira ntchito. Zinthu zikavuta ndi dongosolo la AI, ndani ali ndi udindo? Kodi ndi anthu omwe adapanga dongosolo la AI kapena omwe adagwiritsa ntchito? Milandu yotereyi imayimira funso lovuta m'malamulo omwe akubwera. Nthawi zina zimadziwikiratu kuti ndani ali ndi udindo, ndipo nthawi zina sizili choncho. Mwachitsanzo, ndani ali ndi udindo ngati dongosolo la AI likugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chisankho chachuma ndikutaya ndalama? Nthawi ngati imeneyi ndi pomwe inshuwaransi ya AI/ML ingathandize kuzindikira kapena kumveketsa bwino zomwe ali nazo.

Pali zokambirana zambiri za momwe AI idzayimbidwe mlandu pazochita zake. Akatswiri ena amakampani akuti AI iyenera kupatsidwa ulemu kuti ikhale ndi zinthu ndikuyimbidwa kukhoti. Lingaliro lina ndi loti boma likhale ndi dongosolo lomwe akatswiri amavomereza ma algorithms (amlingo winawake) asanagwiritsidwe ntchito poyera. Magulu oyang'anira awa atha kuwonetsetsa kuti njira zatsopano zamalonda kapena zamagulu aboma zikukwaniritsa zofunikira. 

Maboma ena, monga US ndi Europe, atulutsa malamulo awo enieni a AI omwe amayang'anira momwe AI ingayankhire. Dziko la US lili ndi Fair Credit Reporting Act ndi Equal Credit Opportunity Act, zomwe tsopano zikuletsa chinyengo ndi chinyengo chokhudzana ndi kupanga zisankho koyendetsedwa ndi AI. Pakadali pano, European Union idatulutsa lingaliro la Artificial Intelligence Act mu 2021, dongosolo lazamalamulo loyang'ana kuyang'anira ntchito zomwe zili pachiwopsezo cha AI. Kuphatikiza apo, inshuwaransi yachitetezo cha AI imafunika kuti anthu azikhulupirirana ndipo angafunike ndi omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha machitidwe a AI.

Zotsatira za inshuwaransi ya AI 

Zotsatira za inshuwaransi yazambiri za AI zitha kuphatikiza:

• Makampani a inshuwaransi omwe amapereka inshuwaransi zambiri za inshuwaransi ya AI/ML, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuwongolera bwino kwa ziwopsezo zamatekinoloje omwe akubwera monga magalimoto odziyendetsa okha, AI pazachipatala, ndi makina azachuma.
• Maboma amakhazikitsa malamulo okhwima a AI, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale malamulo okhwima kwa opereka chithandizo cha AI akunja komanso chindapusa chokwera kwambiri kwamakampani akumayiko osiyanasiyana pakachitika zinthu zokhudzana ndi AI.
• Mabizinesi omwe amakhazikitsa magulu odzipereka kuti aziyang'anira AI, kulimbikitsa kuyankha ndi chitetezo pakutumizidwa kwa AI kudzera mukutengapo gawo kwa asayansi a data, akatswiri achitetezo, ndi oyang'anira zoopsa.
• Kupangidwa kwa mabungwe ogwirizana ndi mafakitale kuti akhazikitse miyezo ya AI, zomwe zimathandizira kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera kwa AI komanso kulimbikitsa ma metrics achilengedwe, chikhalidwe, ndi ulamulilo (ESG) pakuwongolera kwa Investor.
• Kuchulukitsa kukayikira kwa anthu kwa AI, motsogozedwa ndi zolephera zapamwamba za AI, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale njira yosamala pakutengera AI komanso kufunikira kowonekera bwino mu ntchito za AI.
• Kuwonjezeka kwa machitidwe apadera azamalamulo omwe amayang'ana pamilandu yokhudzana ndi AI, yopereka ukatswiri pakuwongolera zovuta zaukadaulo wa AI ndi momwe zimakhudzira chikhalidwe cha anthu.
• Kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo cha ogula kuti athane ndi zovuta zokhudzana ndi AI, kuwonetsetsa kuti kulipiridwa koyenera ndi ufulu kwa anthu omwe akhudzidwa ndi zolakwika kapena zolakwika za AI.
• Chisinthiko cha maudindo a ntchito ndi zofunikira zamaluso, ndi kufunikira kokulirapo kwa akatswiri ophunzitsidwa zamakhalidwe a AI, kuwunika zoopsa, komanso kutsata malamulo.
• Kusintha kwazomwe zimayambira pa kafukufuku wa AI, ndikugogomezera kukhazikitsidwa kwa machitidwe otetezeka komanso odalirika a AI poyankha kuwonjezereka kwazovuta komanso zofunikira za inshuwaransi.
• Kusintha kwamaphunziro a AI ndi mapulogalamu ophunzitsira, kuyang'ana kwambiri chitukuko cha AI ndi kasamalidwe ka chiopsezo kuti akonzekeretse akatswiri amtsogolo kuti azitha kusintha mawonekedwe a AI ndi zotsatira zake.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Kodi mukuganiza kuti ndani ayenera kuyimbidwa mlandu pakulephera kwadongosolo la AI?
• Kodi mukuganiza kuti makampani a inshuwaransi angasinthe bwanji kuti achulukitse ngongole za AI?