I-Xenobots: I-Biology kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa kungasho iresiphi yempilo entsha

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• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• April 25, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Ama-Xenobots, amafomu okwenziwa empilo aklanywe kusuka ezicutshini zebhayoloji, akulungele ukuguqula imikhakha eyahlukene, ukusuka kwezokwelapha kuye ekuhlanzeni imvelo. Lezi zakhiwo ezincane, ezidalwe ngenhlanganisela yamangqamuzana esikhumba nemisipha yenhliziyo, zingenza imisebenzi efana nokunyakaza, ukubhukuda, nokuziphilisa, ngokusetshenziswa okungenzeka emithini yokuvuselela nokuqonda amasistimu ebhayoloji ayinkimbinkimbi. Imithelela yesikhathi eside yama-xenobots ihlanganisa izinqubo zezokwelapha ezinembe kakhudlwana, ukususwa kokungcola okusebenzayo, amathuba emisebenzi emisha, nokukhathazeka kobumfihlo.

Umongo we-Xenobot

Eqanjwe ngexoxo lase-Afrika elinezinzipho noma i-Xenopus laevis, ama-xenobots ayizinhlobo zokuphila zokwenziwa eziklanywe amakhompyutha ukwenza izindima ezithile. AmaXenobots akhiwa futhi akhiwa ngokuhlanganisa izicubu zebhayoloji. Angawachaza kanjani ama-xenobots—njengamarobhothi, izinto eziphilayo, noma enye into ngokuphelele—imvamisa iseyimpikiswano phakathi kwezifundiswa nababambe iqhaza embonini.

Ukuhlola kwasekuqaleni kuhilele ukudala ama-xenobots anobubanzi obungaphansi kwemilimitha (amayintshi angu-0.039) futhi enziwe ngezinhlobo ezimbili zamaseli: amaseli esikhumba namaseli emisipha yenhliziyo. Isikhumba kanye namaseli emisipha yenhliziyo akhiqizwa kusuka kumaseli aqoqwe kusukela ekuqaleni, imibungu yesele ye-blastula-stage. Amaseli esikhumba asebenza njengesakhiwo sokusekela, kuyilapho amangqamuzana enhliziyo esebenza ngokufana namamotho amancane, akhula futhi ancipha ngevolumu ukushayela i-xenobot phambili. Isakhiwo somzimba we-xenobot kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwamaseli esikhumba nawenhliziyo kwadalwa ngokuzenzakalelayo esifanisweni nge-algorithm yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. 

Isikhathi eside, ama-xenobot aklanyelwe ukunyakaza, ukubhukuda, ukusunduza ama-pellets, ukuthutha imithwalo ekhokhelwayo, futhi asebenze ngobuningi ukuqoqa izinto ezihlakazekile ebusweni besitsha sabo zibe yinqwaba ehlelekile. Bangakwazi ukuphila amasonto ngaphandle kokondliwa nokuziphilisa ngemva kokulimala. Ama-Xenobot angahluma iziqephu ze-cilia esikhundleni semisipha yenhliziyo futhi awasebenzise njengezigwedlo ezincane zokubhukuda. Nokho, ukunyakaza kwe-xenobot okunikwa amandla yi-cilia okwamanje akulawulwa kancane kune-xenobot locomotion ngemisipha yenhliziyo. Ukwengeza, i-ribonucleic acid molecule ingase yengezwe kuma-xenobots ukuze idlulisele inkumbulo yamangqamuzana: lapho evezwe ohlotsheni oluthile lokukhanya, azokhazimula umbala othile lapho ebhekwa ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu se-fluorescence.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Ngezindlela ezithile, ama-xenobots akhiwe njengamarobhothi avamile, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwamaseli nezicubu kuma-xenobots kuwanikeza umumo ohlukile futhi kudala ukuziphatha okubikezelwe kunokuthembela ezingxenyeni zokwenziwa. Ngenkathi ama-xenobots angaphambilini aqhutshelwa phambili ngokufinyela kwamaseli emisipha yenhliziyo, izizukulwane ezintsha zama-xenobots zibhukuda ngokushesha futhi ziqhutshwa izici ezinjengezinwele ebusweni bazo. Ukwengeza, baphila phakathi kwezinsuku ezintathu kuya kweziyisikhombisa isikhathi eside kunabanduleli babo, ababephila cishe izinsuku eziyisikhombisa. Ama-xenobot esizukulwane esilandelayo nawo anamandla athile okubona nokuxhumana nendawo ebazungezile.

Ama-Xenobot kanye nabawalandelayo angase anikeze ukuqonda ngokuvela kwezidalwa zamangqamuzana amaningi kusukela ezilwaneni zakudala ezinengqamuzana elilodwa kanye nokuqala kokucubungula ulwazi, ukwenza izinqumo, kanye nokuqonda ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ukuphindaphinda kwesikhathi esizayo kwama-xenobots kungase kwakhiwe ngokuphelele kusuka kumaseli eziguli ukuze kulungiswe izicubu ezilimele noma kuqondiswe ngokukhethekile kumdlavuza. Ngenxa yokubola kwazo, izimila ze-xenobot zizoba nethuba kunezinketho zepulasitiki noma zobuchwepheshe bezokwelapha obusekelwe ensimbi, okungaba nomthelela omkhulu emthini ovuselelayo. 

Ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo "kwamarobhothi" emvelo kungenza abantu baqonde kangcono kokubili amasistimu aphilayo namarobhothi. Njengoba ukuphila kuyinkimbinkimbi, ukuguqula izinhlobo zokuphila kungase kusisize embule ezinye zezimfihlakalo zokuphila, futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenzisa kwethu amasistimu e-AI. Ngaphandle kwezicelo ezisebenzayo ezisheshayo, ama-xenobots angase asize abacwaningi emzamweni wabo wokuqonda isayensi yebhayoloji yamangqamuzana, okuvula indlela yempilo yabantu yesikhathi esizayo kanye nentuthuko yokuphila.

Imiphumela ye-xenobots

Imithelela ebanzi yama-xenobots ingafaka:

• Ukuhlanganiswa kwama-xenobots ezinkambisweni zezokwelapha, okuholela ekuhlinzeni okunembe kakhudlwana nokungangeneleli kancane, ukuthuthukisa izikhathi zokululama kwesiguli.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwama-xenobots ekuhlanzeni imvelo, okuholela ekususweni ngempumelelo kokungcola kanye nobuthi, okuthuthukisa impilo yonke yemvelo.
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi ezemfundo asekelwe ku-xenobot, okuholela ekuhlangenwe nakho okuthuthukisiwe kokufunda kubhayoloji namarobhothi, okukhuthaza intshisekelo emikhakheni ye-STEM phakathi kwabafundi.
• Ukwakhiwa kwamathuba emisebenzi emisha ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwe-xenobot.
• Ukusetshenziswa kabi okungaba khona kwama-xenobot ekugadweni, okuholela ekukhathazeni okuyimfihlo futhi kudinge imithetho emisha ukuze kuvikelwe amalungelo abantu ngabanye.
• Ingozi yokuthi ama-xenobots asebenzisane ngokungalindelekile nezinto eziphilayo zemvelo, okuholela emiphumeleni yemvelo engalindelekile futhi edinga ukuqapha nokulawula ngokucophelela.
• Izindleko eziphezulu zokuthuthukiswa nokuqaliswa kwe-xenobot, okuholela ezinseleleni zomnotho zamabhizinisi amancane kanye nokungalingani okungenzeka ekufinyeleleni lobu buchwepheshe.
• Ukucatshangelwa kwezimiso zokuziphatha okuzungeze ukudalwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwama-xenobots, okuholela ezingxoxweni ezishubile kanye nezinselele zomthetho ezingaba khona ezingalolonga inqubomgomo yesikhathi esizayo.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ngabe ucabanga ukuthi ama-xenobot angaholela ekutheni izifo ebezingelapheki ngaphambilini zilapheke noma zivumele labo abaphethwe yizo ukuthi baphile isikhathi eside nezimpilo ezithelayo?
• Yiziphi ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingase zisetshenziswe ucwaningo lwe-xenobot?