Amaphoyisa e-AI achitha i-cyber underworld: Ikusasa lamaphoyisa P3

Iminyaka ephakathi kuka-2016 kuya ku-2028 ikhula ibe ibonanza yezigebengu ze-inthanethi, ukujaha igolide okuthathe iminyaka eyishumi.

Kungani? Ngoba iningi lengqalasizinda yedijithali yomphakathi neyimfihlo yanamuhla ihlushwa ubungozi obukhulu bezokuphepha; ngoba abekho ochwepheshe bezokuphepha benethiwekhi abaqeqeshiwe abatholakalayo ukuze bavale lobu bungozi; futhi ngenxa yokuthi ohulumeni abaningi abanayo ngisho nesikhungo esiphakathi esizinikele ekulweni nobugebengu bamakhompuyutha.

Sekukonke, imivuzo yobugebengu bamakhompuyutha mikhulu futhi ubungozi buphansi. Emhlabeni jikelele, lokhu kubalelwa emabhizinisini nakubantu ngabanye abalahlekelwayo $ 400 billion unyaka nonyaka ebugebengwini be-inthanethi.

Futhi njengoba umhlaba wonke uxhumeka ku-inthanethi, sibikezela ukuthi ama-hacker syndicate azokhula ngosayizi, inombolo, kanye nekhono lobuchwepheshe, nokudala i-cyber mafia entsha yenkathi yethu yesimanje. Ngenhlanhla, abafana abalungile abakwazi ukuzivikela ngokuphelele kulolu songo. Amaphoyisa azayo kanye nezinhlangano zombuso maduzane zizothola amathuluzi amasha azoguqula isimo ngokumelene nezigebengu eziku-inthanethi.

Iwebhu emnyama: Lapho izigebengu eziphezulu zesikhathi esizayo zizobusa khona

Ngo-Okthoba 2013, i-FBI yavala i-Silkroad, imakethe emnyama ye-inthanethi eyake yachuma lapho abantu babengathenga khona izidakamizwa, imithi, neminye imikhiqizo engekho emthethweni/evinjelwe ngendlela efanayo ababengathenga ngayo isipikha seshawa se-Bluetooth esishibhile e-Amazon. Ngaleso sikhathi, lokhu kusebenza okuyimpumelelo kwe-FBI kwathuthukiswa njengegalelo elibi emphakathini okhulayo we-cyber black market … kwaze kwaba yilapho kwethulwa i-Silkroad 2.0 ukuze ithathelwe indawo ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho.

I-Silkroad 2.0 nayo ivaliwe November 2014, kodwa phakathi nezinyanga zaphinde zathathelwa indawo inqwaba yezimakethe ezimnyama ezincintisana nazo, nezinhlu zezidakamizwa ezingaphezu kuka-50,000 zihlangene. Njengokunquma ikhanda le-hydra, i-FBI yathola impi yayo ngokumelene nalawa manethiwekhi obugebengu aku-inthanethi iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunalokho obekulindelwe ekuqaleni.

Isizathu esisodwa esikhulu sokuqina kwalawa manethiwekhi sizungeza lapho atholakala khona. 

Uyabona, iSilkroad kanye nabo bonke abalandela ngemva kwayo bacasha engxenyeni ye-inthanethi ebizwa ngokuthi i-dark web noma i-darknet. 'Uyini lo mkhakha we-cyber?' uyabuza.

Kalula nje: Okuhlangenwe nakho kwansuku zonke komsebenzisi ku-inthanethi kuhilela ukuxhumana kwabo nokuqukethwe kwewebhusayithi abangafinyelela kukho ngokuthayipha i-URL evamile esipheqululini—okuqukethwe okufinyeleleka embuzweni wenjini yosesho ye-Google. Nokho, lokhu okuqukethwe kumelela iphesenti elincane kuphela lokuqukethwe okufinyeleleka ku-inthanethi, inani eliphakeme lentaba yeqhwa. Okufihliwe (okungukuthi, ingxenye yewebhu 'emnyama') yizo zonke izingobo zolwazi ezinikeza amandla i-inthanethi, okuqukethwe okugcinwe ngokwedijithali emhlabeni, kanye namanethiwekhi ayimfihlo avikelwe ngephasiwedi.

Futhi yileyo ngxenye yesithathu lapho izigebengu (kanye nohlu lwezishoshovu ezinezisusa ezinhle nezintatheli) zizulazula. Basebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi Tor (inethiwekhi yokungaziwa evikela ubunikazi babasebenzisi bayo) ukuze uxhumane ngokuphephile futhi wenze ibhizinisi ku-inthanethi. 

Kule minyaka eyishumi ezayo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-darknet kuzokhula kakhulu ekuphenduleni ukwesaba okukhulayo komphakathi mayelana nokugadwa kukahulumeni wasekhaya ku-inthanethi, ikakhulukazi kulabo abaphila ngaphansi kwemibuso yobushiqela. I Ukuvuza kwe-Snowden, kanye nokuvuza okufanayo okuzayo, kuzokhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi e-darknet anamandla nasebenziseka kalula azovumela ngisho nomsebenzisi ovamile we-inthanethi ukuthi afinyelele i-darknet futhi axhumane ngokungaziwa. (Funda kabanzi ochungechungeni lwethu oluzayo Lwekusasa Lobumfihlo.) Kodwa njengoba ungalindela, lawa mathuluzi esikhathi esizayo nawo azothola indlela yawo kukhithi yamathuluzi yezigebengu.

I-Cybercrime njengesevisi

Nakuba ukuthengisa izidakamizwa ku-inthanethi kuyisici esidume kakhulu sobugebengu obuku-inthanethi, ukuthengiswa kwezidakamizwa, empeleni, kumelela amaphesenti anciphayo obugebengu obuku-inthanethi. Izigebengu ze-inthanethi ezinobuhlakani zisebenzelana nezenzo zobugebengu eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.

Singena emininingwaneni mayelana nalezi zinhlobo ezahlukene zobugebengu bamakhompuyutha ochungechungeni lwethu Lwekusasa Lobugebengu, kodwa ukufingqa lapha, amaqembu aphezulu obugebengu bamakhompuyutha enza izigidi ngokuzibandakanya kwawo kulokhu:

• Ukwebiwa kwezigidi zamarekhodi ekhadi lesikweletu kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinkampani ze-e-commerce—lawa marekhodi abe esethengiswa ngobuningi kubakhwabanisi;
• Ukugebenga ikhompuyutha yomuntu siqu yenani eliphezulu noma abantu abanethonya ukuze bavikele izinto ezingezona ezomuntu ezingahlengwa kumnikazi;
• Ukuthengiswa kwezincwadi zeziqondiso kanye nesofthiwe ekhethekile abaqalayo abangayisebenzisa ukuze bafunde ukuthi bangaba kanjani abaduni abaphumelelayo;
• Ukuthengiswa kokuba sengozini 'kosuku oluyiziro'—lezi iziphazamisi zesofthiwe ezingakatholwa umthuthukisi wesofthiwe, okwenza kube indawo yokufinyelela kalula yezigebengu nezifunda eziyizitha ukuthi zingene ku-akhawunti yomsebenzisi noma inethiwekhi.

Ngokwakhela iphuzu lokugcina, lawa ma-hacker syndicates awahlali esebenza ngokuzimela. Abaduni abaningi baphinde banikeze amakhono abo akhethekile kanye nesoftware njengesevisi. Amabhizinisi athile, ngisho nezifunda zezwe ezikhethiwe, asebenzisa lezi zinsizakalo zobugebengu ngokumelene nabaqhudelana nabo kuyilapho egcina isikweletu sawo sincane. Isibonelo, osonkontileka bezinkampani nabakahulumeni bangasebenzisa lezi zigebengu ukuze:

• Hlasela iwebhusayithi yesiqhudelana naye ukuze uyeke ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi; 
• Hack database yesimbangi ukuze webe noma wenze ulwazi lobunikazi bomphakathi;
• Hacka izilawuli zesakhiwo sombangi nezimbangi ukuze ukhubaze noma ucekele phansi amathuluzi/izimpahla ezibalulekile. 

Le modeli yebhizinisi ye-'Crime-as-a-Service' izokhula ngendlela emangalisayo kule minyaka engamashumi amabili ezayo. I ukukhula kwe-inthanethi emazweni asathuthuka, ukukhuphuka kwe-inthanethi Yezinto, ukuphakama okunamandla kwezinkokhelo zeselula ezinikwe amandla ama-smartphone, lezi zitayela nokunye kuzodala inhlobonhlobo yamathuba obugebengu bamakhompuyutha anemali eningi kakhulu ukuthi amanethiwekhi amasha nezigelekeqe angazinaki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba ulwazi lwamakhompiyutha lukhula emazweni asathuthuka, futhi njengoba amathuluzi e-software e-inthanethi ethuthuke kakhulu etholakala ku-darknet, imigoqo yokungena ebugebengwini bamakhompuyutha izokwehla ngezinga eliqhubekayo.

Amaphoyisa obugebengu be-Cybercrime ahamba phambili

Kubo bobabili ohulumeni nezinkampani, njengoba izimpahla zabo eziningi zilawulwa endaweni eyodwa futhi njengoba izinsiza zabo eziningi zinikezwa ku-inthanethi, izinga lomonakalo ongase udalwe ukuhlasela okusekelwe kuwebhu lizoba yisikweletu eseqile kakhulu. Ukusabela, ngo-2025, ohulumeni (ngengcindezi yokunxenxa kanye nokubambisana nezinkampani ezizimele) bazotshala izimali ezinkulu ekwandiseni abasebenzi kanye nezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezidingekayo ukuze bavikeleke ezinsongweni ze-inthanethi. 

Amahhovisi amasha obugebengu bamakhompuyutha asezingeni ledolobha azosebenza ngokuqondile namabhizinisi amancane kuya kwaphakathi ukuze awasize avikele ekuhlaselweni ku-inthanethi futhi anikeze izibonelelo zokuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda yawo yokuphepha ku-inthanethi. Lawa mahhovisi azophinde axhumanise nozakwabo bakazwelonke ukuze avikele izinsiza zomphakathi kanye nezinye izingqalasizinda, kanye nedatha yabathengi ephethwe yizinkampani ezinkulu. Ohulumeni bazophinde basebenzise le mali enyukile ukuze bangene, baphazamise futhi balethe ubulungiswa abaqaphi abangabodwana kanye namaqembu obugebengu be-inthanethi emhlabeni jikelele. 

Kuleli qophelo, abanye benu bangase bazibuze ukuthi kungani unyaka ka-2025 kuwunyaka esibikezela ngawo ohulumeni ukuthi bazothatha isinyathelo sabo ndawonye mayelana nalolu daba olungenamali engapheli. Nokho, ngo-2025, ubuchwepheshe obusha buzovuthwa osethelwe ukushintsha yonke into. 

I-Quantum Computing: Ukuba sengozini kosuku oluyiziro emhlabeni jikelele

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yeminyaka, ochwepheshe bamakhompyutha baxwayise nge-apocalypse yedijithali eyaziwa ngokuthi yi-Y2K. Ososayensi bezamakhompyutha besaba ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi unyaka onezinhlamvu ezine ngaleso sikhathi wawumelelwe amadijithi awo amabili okugcina, ukuthi zonke izinhlobo zezinkinga zobuchwepheshe zaziyokwenzeka lapho iwashi lika-1999 lishaya phakathi kwamabili okokugcina. Ngenhlanhla, umzamo oqinile wezinkampani zikahulumeni nezizimele uhole lolo songo ngenani elifanelekile lokuhlela kabusha okuyisicefe.

Namuhla ososayensi bamakhompyutha manje besaba ukuthi i-apocalypse yedijithali efanayo izokwenzeka maphakathi no-2020s ngenxa yokusungulwa okukodwa: ikhompyutha ye-quantum. Siyakhava i-compum computing kithi Ikusasa Lamakhompyutha uchungechunge, kodwa ngenxa yesikhathi, sincoma ukubuka le vidiyo emfushane engezansi yeqembu laseKurzgesagt elichaza kahle le nqubo emisha eyinkimbinkimbi:

Ukufingqa, ikhompuyutha ye-quantum maduzane izoba idivayisi enamandla kakhulu yokuhlanganisa eyake yadalwa. Izobala ngemizuzwana izinkinga ama-supercomputer aphezulu angadinga iminyaka ukuze azixazulule. Lezi yizindaba ezinhle zezinkambu ezibalwayo ezifana ne-physics, logistics, nemithi, kodwa futhi kungaba isihogo embonini yezokuphepha yedijithali. Kungani? Ngoba ikhompuyutha ye-quantum ingaqhekeza cishe zonke izinhlobo zokubethela ezisetshenziswayo njengamanje. Futhi ngaphandle kokubethela okuthembekile, zonke izinhlobo zezinkokhelo zedijithali nokuxhumana ngeke zisasebenza.

Njengoba ungacabanga, izigebengu nezifunda eziyizitha zingenza umonakalo omkhulu uma lobu buchwepheshe buwela ezandleni zabo. Yingakho amakhompyutha e-quantum emelela ikhadi lasendle lesikhathi esizayo okunzima ukulibikezela. Kungakho futhi ohulumeni bezokhawulela ukufinyelela kumakhompyutha e-quantum kuze kube yilapho ososayensi basungula ukubethela okusekelwe ku-quantum okungavikela kulawa makhompyutha azayo.

Ikhompuyutha ye-cyber enikwe amandla nge-AI

Kuzo zonke izinzuzo izigebengu zesimanje ezijabulelayo ngokumelene nezinhlelo ze-IT eziphelelwe yisikhathi zikahulumeni nezinkampani, kunobuchwepheshe obusafufusa obuzobuyisela ibhalansi kubafana abalungile: ubuhlakani bokufakelwa (AI). 

Ngenxa yentuthuko yakamuva ku-AI kanye nobuchwepheshe bokufunda okujulile, ososayensi sebeyakwazi manje ukwakha i-AI yokuphepha yedijithali esebenza njengohlobo lwesistimu yokuzivikela ku-cyber. Isebenza ngokumodela yonke inethiwekhi, idivayisi, nomsebenzisi ongaphakathi kwenhlangano, isebenzisana nabalawuli bezokuphepha be-IT abangabantu ukuze baqonde uhlobo olushiwo lwemvelo evamile/ukuphakama kokusebenza kwemodeli, bese iqhubeka nokuqapha uhlelo 24/7. Uma kwenzeka ithola isigameko esingahambisani nemodeli echazwe ngaphambilini yokuthi inethiwekhi ye-IT yenhlangano kufanele isebenze kanjani, izothatha izinyathelo zokuhlukanisa udaba (elifana namangqamuzana egazi amhlophe omzimba wakho) kuze kube yilapho umqondisi wezokuphepha we-IT wenhlangano esekwazi ukubuyekeza okubalulekile.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-MIT kuthole ukuthi ukusebenzisana kwakhe kwabantu ne-AI kwakwazi ukukhomba ukuhlaselwa okumangazayo okungamaphesenti angama-86. Le miphumela isuka emandleni azo zombili izinhlangothi: ukuhlakanipha kwevolumu, i-AI ingakwazi ukuhlaziya imigqa yekhodi eminingi kakhulu kunomuntu; kuyilapho i-AI ingase ihumushe ngokungeyikho konke okungavamile njengokugebenga, kuyilapho empeleni bekungaba iphutha elingenangozi lomsebenzisi langaphakathi.

Izinhlangano ezinkulu zizoba ngabanikazi be-AI yazo yokuphepha, kanti ezincane zizobhalisela insiza yezokuphepha ye-AI, njengoba ubungenza ukubhalisa kwesoftware elwa namagciwane namuhla. Isibonelo, i-IBM's Watson, ngaphambilini a Umpetha we-Jeopardy, ikhona manje uyaqeqeshwa ukusebenza ku-cybersecurity. Uma isitholakala emphakathini, i-Watson cybersecurity AI izohlaziya inethiwekhi yenhlangano kanye nenqolobane yayo yedatha engahlelekile ukuze ithole ngokuzenzakalelayo ubungozi izigebengu ezingazisebenzisa. 

Enye inzuzo yalawa ma-AI okuvikela ukuthi uma sebethole ubungozi bokuphepha ngaphakathi kwezinhlangano ababelwe kuzo, bangaphakamisa amapeshi esofthiwe noma ukulungiswa kwekhodi ukuze kuvalwe lokho kuba sengozini. Uma kunikezwe isikhathi esanele, lawa ma-AI okuphepha azokwenza ukuhlaselwa ngabaduni babantu kungenzeki.

Futhi ukubuyisela iminyango yamaphoyisa yobugebengu be-inthanethi engxoxweni, uma ngabe i-AI yezokuphepha ibona ukuhlaselwa kwenhlangano engaphansi kwayo, izokwazisa ngokuzenzakalelayo lawa maphoyisa endawo futhi isebenzisane namaphoyisa awo e-AI ukulandelela indawo yomgebengu we-inthanethi noma ihogele okunye ukuhlonza okuwusizo. imikhondo. Leli zinga lokuxhumanisa okuzenzakalelayo kwezokuphepha lizovimbela abaduni abaningi ekuhlaseleni okuhloswe ngenani eliphezulu (isb. amabhange, izingosi ze-e-commerce), futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuzophumela ekugebengwini okunamandla okuncane kakhulu okubikwe kwabezindaba ... ngaphandle kwalapho amakhompyutha e-quantum engaqoqi yonke into. . 

Ukuzizwisa okuphephile ku-inthanethi

Esahlukweni esandulele salolu chungechunge, sixoxe ngokuthi isimo sethu sokugada esikhathini esizayo sizokwenza kanjani ukuphila emphakathini kuphephe.

Ngasekupheleni kwawo-2020, i-AI yokuphepha yesikhathi esizayo izokwenza ukuphila ku-inthanethi ngokulinganayo kuphephe ngokuvimba ukuhlaselwa okuyinkimbinkimbi okubhekiswe kuhulumeni nezinhlangano zezezimali, kanye nokuvikela abasebenzisi be-inthanethi abasafufusa kumagciwane ayisisekelo kanye nemikhonyovu eku-inthanethi. Yebo, lokhu akusho ukuthi abaduni bazophela eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo, kusho ukuthi izindleko nesikhathi esihambisana nokugetshengwa kwezigebengu kuzokhuphuka, okuphoqa abaduni ukuba babalwe kabanzi mayelana nokuthi baqonde bani.

Kuze kube manje ochungechungeni lwethu Lwekusasa Lamaphoyisa, sixoxile ngokuthi ubuchwepheshe buzosiza kanjani ukwenza ukuzizwisa kwethu kwansuku zonke kuphephe nakakhulu futhi ku-inthanethi. Kodwa kuthiwani uma bekukhona indlela yokuqhubekela phambili? Kuthiwani uma singavimbela ubugebengu ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke? Sizoxoxa ngalokhu nokunye esahlukweni esilandelayo nesokugcina.

Ikusasa lochungechunge lwamaphoyisa

Amasosha noma akhiphe izikhali? Ukuguqula amaphoyisa ekhulwini lama-21: Ikusasa lamaphoyisa P1

Amaphoyisa azenzakalelayo ngaphakathi kwesimo sokugada: Ikusasa lamaphoyisa P2

Ukubikezela ubugebengu ngaphambi kokuthi kwenzeke: Ikusasa lamaphoyisa P4