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IGeneration X izowushintsha kanjani umhlaba: Ikusasa Lomphakathi Wabantu P1

UDavid Tal, Umshicileli, i-Futurist
@DavidTalWrites
I-LinkedIn

ULwesibili, 09/15/2020 - 04:56

Ngaphambi kweminyaka eyikhulu kanye nezinkulungwane zeminyaka zaba izithandwa zama-2000s, iGeneration X (Gen X) kwaba ngundabamlonyeni. Futhi ngenkathi becashe ethunzini, ama-2020 kuzoba ishumi leminyaka lapho umhlaba uzozibonela ngawakho amandla awo wangempela.

Emashumini amabili eminyaka ezayo, u-Gen Xers uzoqala ukuthatha izintambo zobuholi kuwo wonke amazinga kahulumeni, kanye nakuwo wonke umhlaba wezezimali. Ngeminyaka yawo-2030, ithonya labo esiteji somhlaba lizofinyelela umvuthwandaba futhi ifa abazolishiya lizoshintsha umhlaba unomphela.

Kodwa ngaphambi kokuthi sihlole ukuthi abakwaGen Xers bazowasebenzisa kanjani amandla abo esikhathi esizayo, ake siqale sicacise ukuthi bangobani abazoqala ngabo.

Isizukulwane X: Isizukulwane esikhohliwe

Wazalwa phakathi kuka-1965 no-1979, u-Gen X ubonakala njengesizukulwane sezimvu ezimnyama ezingenangqondo. Kodwa uma ucabangela idemo nomlando wabo, ungawasola?

Cabanga ngalokhu: I-Gen Xers ibala cishe izigidi ezingu-50 noma amaphesenti angu-15.4 wabantu base-US (izigidigidi ezingu-1.025 emhlabeni wonke) kusukela ngo-2016. Bayisizukulwane esincane kakhulu emlandweni wanamuhla wase-US. Lokhu kusho futhi ukuthi uma kukhulunywa ngezombangazwe, amavoti abo angcwatshwa ngaphansi kwesizukulwane se-boomer (amaphesenti angama-23.6 wabantu base-US) ngakolunye uhlangothi kanye nesizukulwane esikhulu seminyaka eyinkulungwane (amaphesenti angama-24.5) ngakolunye. Empeleni, bayisizukulwane esilindele ukweqa izinkulungwane zeminyaka.

Okubi nakakhulu, uGen Xers uzoba isizukulwane sokuqala saseMelika ukwenza okubi kakhulu ngokwezezimali kunabazali baso. Ukuphila phakathi nokuwohloka komnotho okubili kanye nenkathi yokukhuphuka kwamazinga edivosi kuye kwalimaza kakhulu iholo labo lokuphila impilo yonke, ingasaphathwa eyonga imali yabo yomhlalaphansi.

Kodwa ngisho nangawo wonke lawa ma-chips anqwabelene kuwo, ungaba yisiwula ukubheja ngawo. Iminyaka eyishumi ezayo izobona u-Gen Xers ethatha umzuzu wabo omfushane we-demographic advantage ngendlela engase inikeze unaphakade ibhalansi yokukhiqiza yamandla.

Izehlakalo ezakha ukucabanga kuka-Gen X

Ukuze siqonde kangcono ukuthi i-Gen X izowuthinta kanjani umhlaba wethu, sidinga kuqala ukwazisa izehlakalo ezakhayo ezilolonge umbono wabo womhlaba.

Lapho beseyizingane (ngaphansi kwe-10), babona amalungu omndeni wabo wase-US elimele ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo phakathi neMpi YaseVietnam, ingxabano eyadonsa kwaze kwaba ngu-1975. Baphinde babona ukuthi izenzakalo zomhlaba ezikude zingathinta kanjani ukuphila kwabo kwansuku zonke njengoba kwenzeka ngesikhathi 1973 inkinga kawoyela futhi inkinga yamandla ka-1979.

Ngenkathi u-Gen Xers engena ebusheni bakhe, baphila ngesikhathi sokukhula kwe-conservatism lapho u-Ronald Reagan ekhethwa esikhundleni ngo-1980, ejoyinwa nguMargaret Thatcher e-UK. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi esifanayo, inkinga yezidakamizwa e-US yakhula kakhulu, okwabangela isikhulu Impi Ngezidakamizwa lokho kwaqhubeka phakathi nawo-1980.

Ekugcineni, eminyakeni yawo-20, u-Gen Xers wabhekana nezenzakalo ezimbili okungenzeka zishiye umthelela obaluleke kakhulu kunayo yonke. Okokuqala kwaba Ukuwa Kodonga LwaseBerlin kanye nokuhlakazeka kweSoviet Union nokuphela kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi. Khumbula, iMpi Yomshoshaphansi yaqala ngaphambi kokuthi uGen Xers azalwe futhi kwakucatshangwa ukuthi lokhu kuqina phakathi kwemibuso yomhlaba emibili kwakuzohlala unomphela ... kwaze kwaba yilapho kwenzeka. Okwesibili, ekupheleni kweminyaka yabo-20, babona ukwethulwa okujwayelekile kwe-Intanethi.

Sekukonke, iminyaka yokukhula kukaGen Xers yayigcwele izenzakalo ezazibekela inselele izimiso zokuziphatha, zabenza bazizwa bengenamandla futhi bengalondekile, futhi bafakazela kubo ukuthi umhlaba ungashintsha ngokushesha nangaphandle kwesixwayiso. Hlanganisa konke lokho kanye neqiniso lokuthi ukuwa kwezezimali ngo-2008-9 kwenzeka phakathi neminyaka yabo yokuhola eyinhloko, futhi ngicabanga ukuthi ungaqonda ukuthi kungani lesi sizukulwane singazizwa sinobungane futhi sigxeka.

Uhlelo lwenkolelo ye-Gen X

Ngokwengxenye ngenxa yeminyaka yabo yokukhula, abakwa-Gen Xers badonsela emibonweni, kumagugu, nezinqubomgomo ezikhuthaza ukubekezelelana, ukuvikeleka nokuzinza.

I-Gen Xers evela emazweni aseNtshonalanga ikakhulukazi, ivame ukubekezelelana kakhulu futhi iqhubekele phambili emphakathini kunabanduleli babo (njengoba kunjalo ngesizukulwane esisha ngasinye kuleli khulu leminyaka). Manje eminyakeni yaso yama-40 nama-50, lesi sizukulwane naso sesiqala ukudonsela enkolweni nakwezinye izinhlangano zomphakathi ezigxile emndenini. Baphinde babe ngabashisekeli bemvelo. Futhi ngenxa yenkinga yezimali ye-Dot Com kanye no-2008-9 eyalimaza amathuba abo okuthatha umhlalaphansi ngaphambi kwesikhathi, sebebambelele ngokuqinile ekuziphatheni kwabo mayelana nezimali zomuntu siqu kanye nezinqubomgomo zezezimali.

Isizukulwane esicebe kakhulu esisonqenqemeni lobumpofu

Ngokusho kwePew umbiko wocwaningo, uGen Xers bathola imali engenayo ephezulu kakhulu kunabazali babo abaBoomer ngokwesilinganiso kodwa bajabulela ingxenye yesithathu yomcebo. Lokhu ngokwengxenye kungenxa yamazinga aphezulu ezikweletu u-Gen Xers abahlangabezane nazo ngenxa yokuqhuma kwezindleko zemfundo nezindlu. Phakathi kuka-1977 kuya ku-1997, isikweletu semalimboleko yabafundi esiphakathi senyuka sisuka ku-$2,000 saya ku-$15,000. Ngaleso sikhathi, amaphesenti angama-60 ama-Gen Xers aphatha amabhalansi ekhadi lesikweletu kusukela ngenyanga nenyanga.

Esinye isici esikhulu esibeka umkhawulo ingcebo ye-Gen X kwakuyinhlekelele yezimali ka-2008-9; kusule cishe ingxenye yemali abayitshalile kanye nempahla yabo yomhlalaphansi. Eqinisweni, a Ucwaningo lwe-2014 bathola amaphesenti angama-65 kuphela ama-Gen Xers ananoma yini elondoloziwe ngesikhathi sokuthatha umhlalaphansi (phansi ngamaphesenti ayisikhombisa ukusuka ku-2012), futhi ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-40 alabo banemali engaphansi kuka-$50,000 kuphela elondoloziwe.

Uma kubhekwa wonke la maphuzu, kuhlanganiswe neqiniso lokuthi uGen Xers kulindeleke ukuthi baphile isikhathi eside kakhulu kunesizukulwane se-Boomer, kubonakala sengathi iningi lizoqhubeka nokusebenza kahle eminyakeni yabo yegolide ngaphandle kwesidingo. (Lokhu kucatshangwa ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi eside kunesilindelekile ukuthi i-Basic Income ukuthi ivotelwe emphakathini.) Okubi nakakhulu, ama-Gen Xers amaningi nawo abhekene nelinye ishumi leminyaka (2015 kuya ku-2025) lomsebenzi omile kanye nokuqhubekela phambili kwamaholo, njengoba inkinga yezezimali ka-2008-9 iqala. ukugcina ama-Boomers emakethe yezabasebenzi isikhathi eside, sonke ngenkathi izinkulungwane zeminyaka ezifisayo zigxumela phambili kuka-Gen Xers ezikhundleni zokuphatha.

Uhlaka lwesiliva olufiphele uGen Xers angalulangazelela ukuthi, ngokungafani nama-Boomers athatha umhlalaphansi kungakapheli iminyaka eyishumi ngemuva kokuba inkinga yezezimali ikhubaze isikhwama sabo somhlalaphansi, laba oGen Xers baseneminyaka okungenani engama-20-40 yokunwetshwa kweholo labo ukuze bakhe kabusha. isikhwama sabo somhlalaphansi futhi banciphise izikweletu zabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma abakwa-Boomers ekugcineni sebebashiyile abasebenzi, u-Gen Xers uzoba yizinja eziphezulu ezijabulela izinga lokuphepha emsebenzini amashumi eminyaka izisebenzi zeminyaka eyinkulungwane kanye nekhulunyaka ezingemuva kwazo ezingaphupha ngazo.

Lapho u-Gen X ethatha izintambo kwezombusazwe

Kuze kube manje, uGen Xers uphakathi kwesizukulwane esizibandakanya kancane kwezepolitiki noma somphakathi. Isipiliyoni sempilo yabo ngezinhlelo zikahulumeni ezingaphethwe kahle kanye nezimakethe zezimali sekudale isizukulwane esingenandaba futhi esingenandaba nezikhungo ezilawula izimpilo zaso.

Ngokungafani nezizukulwane ezedlule, i-US Gen Xers ibona umehluko omncane futhi mancane amathuba okuba ihlonze amaqembu eRiphabhulikhi neDemocratic Alliance. Abanolwazi oluncane ngezindaba zomphakathi uma kuqhathaniswa nesilinganiso. Okubi kakhulu, abaveli ukuzovota. Isibonelo, okhethweni lwaphakathi nonyaka lwase-US lwango-1994, abakwa-Gen Xers abafanelekile abangaphansi koyedwa kwabahlanu abavotayo.

Lesi isizukulwane esingabuboni ubuholi ohlelweni lwamanje lwezepolitiki lokubhekana nekusasa eligcwele izinselele zangempela zezenhlalo, ezezimali nezemvelo—izinselele u-Gen Xers azizwa ethwele kanzima ukuzixazulula. Ngenxa yokungavikeleki kwabo kwezomnotho, abakwa-Gen Xers banokuthambekela okungokwemvelo kokubheka ngaphakathi futhi bagxile emndenini nasemphakathini, izici zempilo yabo abanomuzwa wokuthi bangakwazi ukuzilawula kangcono. Kodwa lokhu kugxila kwangaphakathi ngeke kuhlale unomphela.

Njengoba amathuba abazungezile eqala ukuncipha ngenxa yokuza okuzenzakalelayo komsebenzi kanye nokushabalala kwempilo yezinga eliphakathi, kanye nokwanda kokuthatha umhlalaphansi kwabakwaBoomers ehhovisi likahulumeni, uGen Xers uzozizwa enesibindi sokuthatha ukubusa kwamandla.

Maphakathi nawo-2020, ukuthathwa kwezombusazwe kwe-Gen X kuzoqala. Kancane kancane, bazobumba kabusha uhulumeni ukuze babonise kangcono izindinganiso zabo zokubekezelelana, ukuphepha, kanye nokuzinza (okukhulunywe ngakho ekuqaleni). Ngokwenza kanjalo, bazophusha i-ajenda entsha kakhulu futhi esebenzayo esekelwe ku-conservatism yezimali eqhubekayo.

Empeleni, lo mbono uzothuthukisa amafilosofi ezombusazwe amabili aphikisana ngokwesiko: Izokhuthaza ngenkuthalo izabelomali ezilinganiselayo kanye nengqondo ekhokhayo, kuyilapho izama nokushaya izinqubomgomo zoHulumeni Omkhulu zokusabalalisa kabusha ezihlose ukulinganisa igebe elihlala likhula phakathi abanakho nabangenakho.

Uma kubhekwa isethi yabo yamagugu ehlukile, ukudelela kwabo ipolitiki yamanje-njengokuvamile, nokungavikeleki kwabo kwezomnotho, ezombangazwe zeGen X cishe zizovuna izinhlelo zezombusazwe ezihlanganisa:

Ukuqeda noma yikuphi ukucwasa okusele kwesikhungo okusekelwe ebulilini, uhlanga, nokuthambekela kobulili;
Uhlelo lwezepolitiki olunamaqembu amaningi, esikhundleni se-duopoly ebonakala e-US nakwezinye izizwe;
Ukhetho oluxhaswe ngumphakathi;
Ikhompuyutha, esikhundleni sohlelo oluqondiswe ngumuntu, lokuklanywa kwezindawo zokhetho (okungukuthi ayisekho i-gerrymandering);
Ukuvala kanzima izintuba zentela kanye nezindawo zokukhosela intela ezizuzisa izinkampani kanye nephesenti elilodwa;
Uhlelo lwentela oluthuthukayo olusabalalisa ngokulinganayo izinzuzo zentela, esikhundleni sokuhlanganisa imali engenayo yentela esuka kwabancane iye kwabadala (okungukuthi, ukuqeda uhlelo lwe-Ponzi lwezenhlalakahle olufakwe ezikhungweni);
Ukukhokhiswa intela ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ukuze kube nenani elifanele ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yemvelo yezwe; ngalokho kuvumela uhlelo lonxiwankulu ukuthi luvune ngokwemvelo amabhizinisi nezinqubo ezihambisana nemvelo;
Ukunciphisa ngokugcwele abasebenzi bomkhakha womphakathi ngokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe be-Silicon Valley ukuze zenze izinguquko ezinkulu zezinqubo zikahulumeni;
Ukwenza iningi lemininingwane kahulumeni itholakale esidlangalaleni ngendlela efinyeleleka kalula ukuze umphakathi uyihlolisise futhi wakhele phezu kwayo, ikakhulukazi ezingeni likamasipala;

Lezi zinhlelo zezombangazwe ezingenhla kuxoxwa ngazo namuhla, kodwa azikho eziseduze nokuba umthetho ngenxa yezintshisekelo ezikhona ezihlukanisa ezombangazwe zanamuhla zibe yizinkambu ezihlukanisiwe kwesokunxele uma kuqhathaniswa namakamu angakwesokudla. Kodwa ngesikhathi esizayo u-Gen X ehola ohulumeni qinisa amandla kanye nokwakha ohulumeni abahlanganisa amandla azo zombili lezi zinkambu, kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho izinqubomgomo ezinjengalezi zizobambeka ngokwepolitiki.

Izinselelo zesikhathi esizayo lapho uGen X ezokhombisa khona ubuholi

Kodwa njengoba sinethemba njengoba zonke lezi zinqubomgomo zezombusazwe ezishintshayo zizwakala, kunohlu lwezinselelo zesikhathi esizayo ezizokwenza konke okungenhla kubonakale kungenamsebenzi—lezi zinselelo zintsha, futhi uGen Xers uzoba isizukulwane sokuqala ukubhekana nazo ngqo.

Eyokuqala yalezi zinselelo ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Ngo-2030s, izehlakalo zesimo sezulu ezinzima kanye namazinga okushisa esizini aqopha umlando kuzoba yinjwayelo. Lokhu kuzophoqa ohulumeni abaholwa yi-Gen X emhlabeni wonke ukuthi banciphise kabili esitshalweni samandla avuselelekayo, kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kokuvumelana nesimo sezulu kwingqalasizinda yabo. Funda okwengeziwe esihlokweni sethu Ikusasa Lokuguquguquka Kwesimo Sezulu chungechunge.

Okulandelayo, ukuzenzekelayo kohlu lwamakhola aluhlaza namhlophe kuzoqala ukusheshisa, okuholela ekudilizweni okukhulu ezimbonini eziningi. Maphakathi nawo-2030, amazinga aphezulu okuntuleka kwemisebenzi azophoqa ohulumeni bomhlaba ukuthi bacabangele Isivumelwano Esisha sesimanje, okungenzeka sibe ngendlela Ingeniso Eyisisekelo (BI). Funda okwengeziwe esihlokweni sethu Ikusasa Lomsebenzi chungechunge.

Ngokunjalo, njengoba izimfuno zemakethe yezabasebenzi zishintsha njalo ngenxa yokukhula okuzenzakalelayo komsebenzi, isidingo sokuphinda siqeqeshelwe izinhlobo ezintsha zomsebenzi kanye nezimboni ezintsha ngokuphelele sizokhula kancane kancane. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abantu bazosindwa ngamazinga akhula njalo esikweletu semalimboleko yabafundi ukuze nje bagcine amakhono abo esesikhathini ngezidingo zemakethe. Ngokusobala, isimo esinjalo asinakusimama, yingakho ohulumeni bakwa-Gen X bezokwenza imfundo ephakeme ibe mahhala ezakhamuzini zabo.

Khonamanjalo, njengoba abakwaBoomers bephuma emsebenzini ngobuningi babo (ikakhulukazi emazweni aseNtshonalanga), bazothatha umhlalaphansi bangene ohlelweni lwempesheni lokuvikela umphakathi oluzogcina lungenamali. Abanye ohulumeni bakwa-Gen X bazophrinta imali ukuze bahlangabezane nokushodayo, kuyilapho abanye bezolungisa ngokuphelele ukuvikeleka komphakathi (okungenzeka bakuguqule kube uhlelo lwe-BI olushiwo ngenhla).

Ngaphambili kwezobuchwepheshe, ohulumeni bakwa-Gen X bazobona ukukhishwa kweqiniso lokuqala ikhompyutha ye-quantum. Lena indlela entsha ezomela impumelelo yangempela emandleni ekhompuyutha, ezocubungula uchungechunge lwemibuzo egciniwe emikhulu kanye nezifaniso eziyinkimbinkimbi ngamaminithi obekungathatha iminyaka ukuqeda.

Okubi ukuthi la mandla okucubungula afanayo azophinde asetshenziswe yisitha noma izingxenye zobugebengu ukuze kugqekezwe noma yiliphi igama eliyimfihlo ku-inthanethi elikhona—ngamanye amazwi, amasistimu okuphepha aku-inthanethi avikela izikhungo zethu zezezimali, ezempi, kanye nezikahulumeni azophelelwa yisikhathi cishe ngobusuku obubodwa. Futhi kuze kube yilapho kuthuthukiswa ukubethela kwe-quantum okwanele ukuze kulwisane nala mandla ekhompuyutha e-quantum, izinsiza eziningi ezibucayi manje ezinikezwa ku-inthanethi zingaphoqeleka ukuthi zivale okwesikhashana izinsiza zazo ze-inthanethi.

Okokugcina, kohulumeni be-Gen X bamazwe akhiqiza uwoyela, bazophoqeleka ukuthi baguqukele emnothweni wangemuva kowoyela ngenxa yokwehla unomphela kwesidingo sikawoyela emhlabeni. Kungani? Ngoba ngeminyaka yawo-2030s, izinsiza zokwabelana ngezimoto ezakhiwe yinqwaba yezimoto ezizimele zizonciphisa inani eliphelele lezimoto emgwaqeni. Khonamanjalo, izimoto zikagesi zizoba ishibhile ukuzithenga nokuzinakekela kunezimoto ezivuthayo ezijwayelekile. Futhi iphesenti likagesi okhiqizwa uwoyela ovuthayo nezinye izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi lizothathelwa indawo ngokushesha imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo. Funda okwengeziwe esihlokweni sethu Ikusasa Lezokuthutha futhi Ikusasa Lamandla chungechunge.

Ukubuka kwezwe kweGen X

U-Future Gen Xers uzokwengamela umhlaba odonsa kanzima ngenxa yokungalingani kwengcebo eyedlulele, uguquko kwezobuchwepheshe, nokuntengantenga kwemvelo. Ngenhlanhla, uma kubhekwa umlando wabo omude ngokushintsha okungazelelwe kanye nenzondo yokungavikeleki kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo, lesi sizukulwane sizophinde sibe sesimweni esingcono kakhulu sokubhekana nalezi zinselele ngqo futhi senze umehluko omuhle nezinzayo ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.

Manje uma ucabanga ukuthi u-Gen Xers unokuningi kumapuleti abo, linda uze ufunde ngezinselelo izinkulungwane zeminyaka okumele zibhekane nazo uma sezingene ezikhundleni zokuphatha. Lokhu nokunye sizokuhlanganisa esahlukweni esilandelayo salolu chungechunge.