I-Quantumrun

ISIKWELETU SESITHOMBE: I-Quantumrun

I-Cloud computing iba yi-decentralized: Ikusasa Lamakhompiyutha P5

UDavid Tal, Umshicileli, i-Futurist
@DavidTalWrites
I-LinkedIn

ULwesibili, 09/15/2020 - 15:36

Kuyitemu elingaqondakali elingene ekuqapheleni kwethu umphakathi: ifu. Kulezi zinsuku, abantu abaningi abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-40 bayazi ukuthi yinto izwe lanamuhla elingakwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kwayo, ukuthi bona Uqobo awukwazi ukuphila ngaphandle, kodwa abantu abaningi futhi abaqondi kahle ukuthi ifu liyini ngempela, ingasaphathwa eyokuza kwenguquko ukuze iliguqule ekhanda.

Kulesi sahluko sochungechunge lwethu lwekusasa lamaKhompiyutha, sizobuyekeza ukuthi ifu liyini, kungani libalulekile, izitayela eziphusha ukukhula kwalo, bese kuba yinkambiso enkulu ezolishintsha unomphela. Ukusikisela okunobungane: Ikusasa lefu lisemuva.

Liyini 'ifu' ngempela?

Ngaphambi kokuthi sihlole amathrendi amakhulu asethelwe ukuchaza kabusha i-cloud computing, kuyafaneleka ukunikeza isifinyezo esisheshayo sokuthi ifu liyini ngempela kubafundi abanganakekeli kakhulu ubuchwepheshe.

Ukuqala, ifu liqukethe iseva noma inethiwekhi yamaseva wona ngokwawo angamakhompyutha noma uhlelo lwekhompyutha olulawula ukufinyelela esisetshenziswa esimaphakathi (ngiyazi, anginalutho). Isibonelo, kukhona amaseva angasese aphethe i-intranethi (inethiwekhi yangaphakathi yamakhompyutha) ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo esikhulu noma inhlangano.

Bese kuba namaseva ezentengiselwano i-Intanethi yesimanje esebenza kuwo. Ikhompyutha yakho siqu ixhuma kuseva ye-inthanethi yomnikezeli wezokuxhumana wendawo ebese ikuxhuma ku-inthanethi ngobubanzi, lapho ungabese uxhumana nanoma iyiphi iwebhusayithi etholakala esidlangalaleni noma isevisi ye-inthanethi. Kepha ngemuva kwezigcawu, empeleni uxhumana nje namaseva ezinkampani ezahlukahlukene ezisebenzisa lawa mawebhusayithi. Futhi, isibonelo, uma uvakashela i-Google.com, ikhompuyutha yakho ithumela isicelo ngeseva yangakini ye-telecom kuseva ye-Google eseduze icela imvume yokufinyelela izinsiza zayo; uma kuvunyiwe, ikhompuyutha yakho yethulwa nekhasi eliyisiqalo le-Google.

Ngamanye amazwi, iseva yinoma yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza olulalela izicelo ngenethiwekhi bese lenza isenzo siphendula isicelo esishiwo.

Ngakho-ke uma abantu bebhekisela efwini, empeleni babhekisela eqenjini lamaseva lapho ulwazi lwedijithali namasevisi aku-inthanethi angagcinwa futhi afinyelelwe endaweni emaphakathi, esikhundleni sangaphakathi kumakhompyutha ngamanye.

Kungani ifu libe yisizinda somkhakha wesimanje we-Information Technology

Ngaphambi kwefu, izinkampani bezizoba namaseva angasese ukuze ziqhube amanethiwekhi azo angaphakathi nolwazi olugciniwe. Ngokuvamile, lokhu ngokuvamile kwakusho ukuthenga i-hardware entsha yesiphakeli, ukulinda ukuthi ifike, ukufaka i-OS, ukusetha i-hardware ku-rack, bese uyihlanganisa nesikhungo sakho sedatha. Le nqubo idinga izendlalelo eziningi zokugunyazwa, umnyango omkhulu futhi obizayo we-IT, izindleko eziqhubekayo zokuthuthukisa nokunakekela, kanye nezikhathi ezimisiwe ezigejiwe.

Kwathi ekuqaleni kweminyaka yawo-2000, i-Amazon yanquma ukuthengisa insiza entsha ezovumela izinkampani ukuthi zisebenzise imininingwane yazo yolwazi kanye nezinsizakalo eziku-inthanethi kumaseva e-Amazon. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinkampani zingaqhubeka nokufinyelela idatha nezinsizakalo zazo ngewebhu, kodwa lokho okwaba yi-Amazon Web Services kuzothatha zonke izindleko ze-hardware nesofthiwe yokuthuthukisa kanye nokuyilungisa. Uma inkampani idinga ukugcinwa kwedatha eyengeziwe noma umkhawulokudonsa weseva noma ukuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe ukuze iphathe imisebenzi yayo yekhompuyutha, ingamane i-ode izinsiza ezingeziwe ngokuchofoza okumbalwa esikhundleni sokungena ngenqubo yezinyanga ezinde echazwe ngenhla.

Empeleni, sisuke enkathini yokuphathwa kweseva ehlukaniselwe indawo lapho yonke inkampani inomnikazi futhi isebenzisa inethiwekhi yazo yeseva, saya ohlakanipho oluphakathi nendawo lapho izinkulungwane kuya ezigidini zezinkampani zonga izindleko ezibalulekile ngokukhipha ukugcinwa kwedatha yazo nengqalasizinda yekhompuyutha enanini elincane kakhulu. yezinkundla ezikhethekile zesevisi 'yefu'. Kusukela ngo-2018, izimbangi eziphezulu emkhakheni wezinsizakalo zamafu zihlanganisa i-Amazon Web Services, iMicrosoft Azure, ne-Google Cloud.

Yini eqhuba ukukhula kwefu

Kusukela ngo-2018, ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-75 edatha yomhlaba igcinwe emafini, 90 amaphesenti wezinhlangano manje ezisebenzisa zonke izinkonzo zazo efwini futhi—lokhu kuhlanganisa wonke umuntu ovela kwiziqhwaga eziku-inthanethi ezifana Netflix ezinhlanganweni zikahulumeni, njenge CIA. Kodwa lolu shintsho alubangelwa nje ukonga izindleko, isevisi ephakeme, kanye nokuba lula, kunohlu lwezinye izici eziqhuba ukukhula kwefu—zine izici ezinjalo ezihlanganisa:

Isofthiwe njenge-Service (SaaS). Ngaphandle kokukhishwa kwezindleko zokugcina idatha enkulu, izinsiza eziningi zebhizinisi zinikezwa kuwebhu kuphela. Isibonelo, izinkampani zisebenzisa izinsiza eziku-inthanethi ezifana ne-Salesforce.com ukuze zilawule zonke izidingo zazo zokuthengisa nezokuphatha ubudlelwano bekhasimende, ngaleyo ndlela zigcine yonke idatha yazo ebaluleke kakhulu yokuthengiswa kwamakhasimende ngaphakathi kwezikhungo zedatha ze-Salesforce (amaseva amafu).

Izinsizakalo ezifanayo zidalwe ukuphatha ukuxhumana kwangaphakathi kwenkampani, ukulethwa kwe-imeyili, izinsiza zabantu, ukuhanjiswa, nokunye okwengeziwe—ukuvumela izinkampani ukuthi zikhiphe noma yimuphi umsebenzi webhizinisi okungewona amakhono azo ayinhloko kubahlinzeki bezindleko eziphansi abafinyeleleka ngefu kuphela. Empeleni, lo mkhuba ucindezela amabhizinisi ukuthi asuke enkambweni eyodwa aye kumodeli yokusebenza ehlukaniselwe abantu ngokuvamile esebenza kahle kakhulu futhi engabizi kakhulu.

Idatha enkulu. Njengoba nje amakhompuyutha ehlala ekhula enamandla kakhulu, kanjalo nenani ledatha elikhiqizwa umphakathi wethu womhlaba unyaka nonyaka. Singena enkathini yedatha enkulu lapho yonke into ikalwa, yonke into igcinwa, futhi akukho lutho oluke lususwe.

Le ntaba yedatha iveza kokubili inkinga nethuba. Inkinga izindleko ezingokoqobo zokugcina amanani amakhulu edatha, ukusheshisa ukucindezela okukhulunywe ngenhla ukuhambisa idatha emafini. Khonamanjalo, ithuba lisekusebenziseni ama-supercomputer anamandla nesofthiwe ethuthukisiwe ukuze uthole amaphethini anenzuzo ngaphakathi kwentaba yedatha eshiwo—iphuzu okuxoxwe ngalo ngezansi.

Inthanethi Things. Phakathi kwabanikeli abakhulu bale tsunami yedatha enkulu i-inthanethi Yezinto (IoT). Kuqale kuchazwe kweyethu Inthanethi Things isahluko sethu Ikusasa le-inthanethi series, i-IoT iyinethiwekhi eklanyelwe ukuxhuma izinto ezibonakalayo kuwebhu, "ukunikeza ukuphila" ezintweni ezingaphili ngokuzivumela ukuthi zabelane ngedatha yazo yokusetshenziswa kuwebhu ukuze zinike amandla uhla lwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha.

Ukwenza lokhu, izinkampani zizoqala ukubeka izinzwa ezincane-kuya-ku-microscopic kuwo wonke umkhiqizo okhiqizwayo, emishinini eyenza le mikhiqizo ekhiqiziwe, futhi (kwezinye izimo) ngisho nasezintweni zokusetshenziswa ezitholakala emishinini eyenza le mikhiqizo yenziwe. imikhiqizo.

Zonke lezi zinto ezixhunyiwe zizodala ukusakazwa okuqhubekayo nokukhula kwedatha okuzodala isidingo esiqhubekayo sokugcinwa kwedatha abahlinzeki besevisi yamafu kuphela abangakunikeza ngokungabizi kakhulu nangesilinganiso.

Ikhompyutha enkulu. Okokugcina, njengoba kubonisiwe ngenhla, konke lokhu kuqoqwa kwedatha akusizi ngaphandle uma sinamandla okwenza ikhompuyutha ukuze kuguqulwe kube imininingwane ebalulekile. Nalapha futhi ifu liyangena.

Izinkampani eziningi azinaso isabelomali sokuthenga amakhompiyutha amakhulu ukuze asetshenziswe endlini, ingasaphathwa eyesabelomali nolwazi lokuwathuthukisa minyaka yonke, bese zithenga amakhompyutha amakhulu engeziwe njengoba izidingo zabo zokuqoqwa kwedatha zikhula. Kulapho izinkampani zezinsizakalo zamafu ezifana ne-Amazon, i-Google, ne-Microsoft zisebenzisa umnotho wazo ukuze izinkampani ezincane zikwazi ukufinyelela kukho kokubili ukugcinwa kwedatha okungenamkhawulo kanye (eduze) nezinsizakalo ezingenamkhawulo zokuhlanganisa idatha ngendlela edingekayo.

Ngenxa yalokho, izinhlangano ezihlukahlukene zingenza izinto ezimangalisayo. I-Google isebenzisa inqwaba yedatha yenjini yokusesha ukuze ingagcini nje ngokukunikeza izimpendulo ezingcono kakhulu zemibuzo yakho yansuku zonke, kodwa ukukunikeza izikhangiso ezihambisana nezintshisekelo zakho. I-Uber isebenzisa inqwaba yethrafikhi kanye nedatha yabashayeli ukuze yenze inzuzo kubagibeli abangabatholi kahle. Khetha iminyango yamaphoyisa emhlabeni wonke bahlola isofthiwe entsha ukulandelela ithrafikhi ehlukahlukene, amavidiyo, nezinkundla zokuxhumana ukuze bangagcini nje ngokuthola izigebengu, kodwa babikezele ukuthi ubugebengu bungenzeka nini futhi kuphi, weMinority Umbiko-isitayela.

Kulungile, manje njengoba sesisuse izinto eziyisisekelo endleleni, ake sikhulume ngekusasa lefu.

Ifu ngeke libe naseva

Emakethe yamafu yanamuhla, izinkampani zingangeza noma zisuse umthamo wokugcina amafu/umthamo wekhompiyutha njengoba kudingeka, kahle, uhlobo. Ngokuvamile, ikakhulukazi ezinhlanganweni ezinkulu, ukubuyekeza izidingo zakho zesitoreji samafu/zekhompyutha kulula, kodwa akusona isikhathi sangempela; umphumela uba ukuthi ngisho noma ubudinga inkumbulo eyengeziwe engu-100 GB ihora, ungase ugcine usuqasha lowo mthamo owengeziwe isigamu sosuku. Akukona ukwabiwa kwezinsiza kusebenza kahle kakhulu.

Ngokushintshela efwini elingenasiphakeli, imishini yeseva iba 'isebenza ngokugcwele' ukuze izinkampani zikwazi ukuqasha umthamo weseva ngamandla (ngokunembe kakhulu). Ngakho-ke usebenzisa isibonelo sangaphambilini, uma udinga enye inkumbulo engu-100 GB ngehora, ubuzothola lowo mthamo futhi ukhokhiswe lelo hora kuphela. Akusekho ukwabiwa kwensiza emoshiwe.

Kodwa kukhona ukuthambekela okukhulu nakakhulu emkhathizwe.

Ifu liyahlukaniswa

Khumbula phambilini lapho sikhuluma nge-IoT, ubuchwepheshe obulungele izinto eziningi ezingaphili 'ezihlakaniphile'? Lobu buchwepheshe bujoyinwa ukwanda kwamarobhothi athuthukile, izimoto ezizimele (ama-AV, okuxoxwe ngawo kwethi Ikusasa Lezokuthutha series) kanye Ukungathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona (AR), konke okuzocindezela imingcele yefu. Kungani?

Uma imoto engashayeli ishayela ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo futhi umuntu angene ngephutha emgwaqeni ophambi kwayo, imoto kufanele yenze isinqumo sokuchezuka noma ibambe amabhuleki ngama-milliseconds; ayinakukwazi ukuchitha imizuzwana yokuchitha ithumela isithombe somuntu efwini futhi ilinde ifu ukuthi libuyisele umyalo wokubopha. Amarobhothi akhiqizayo asebenza ngo-10X isivinini sabantu kulayini wokuhlanganisa akakwazi ukulinda imvume ukuthi ame uma umuntu egibele phambi kwawo. Futhi uma ugqoke izibuko ze-augmented reality, uzocasuka uma i-Pokeball yakho ingalayishi ngokushesha ngokwanele ukuthi ithwebule i-Pikachu ngaphambi kokuthi iphele.

Ingozi kulezi zimo yilokho umuntu ongenzi lutho abhekisela kukho njengokuthi 'i-lag,' kodwa ku-jargon-speak eyengeziwe kubizwa ngokuthi 'i-latency.' Ngenani elikhulu lobuchwepheshe besikhathi esizayo obubaluleke kakhulu obuzayo ku-inthanethi phakathi neshumi leminyaka elilodwa noma amabili ezayo, ngisho ne-millisecond yokubambezeleka kungenza lobu buchwepheshe bungaphephile futhi bungasetshenziswa.

Ngenxa yalokho, ikusasa lekhompuyutha (ngokuxakayo) lisesikhathini esedlule.

Ngawo-1960-70s, ikhompuyutha ye-mainframe yayibusa, amakhompiyutha amakhulu ayebeka endaweni eyodwa ikhompuyutha yokusetshenziswa kwebhizinisi. Kwathi ngeminyaka yawo-1980-2000s, kwavela amakhompyutha omuntu siqu, ehlukanisa futhi efaka intando yeningi amakhompyutha oquqaba. Kwathi phakathi kuka-2005-2020, i-inthanethi yaba yinsakavukela, yalandelwa ngemuva nje kwalokho isingeniso sikamakhalekhukhwini, okwenza abantu bakwazi ukufinyelela uhla olungenamkhawulo lweminikelo ye-inthanethi enganikezwa ngokwezomnotho kuphela ngokuhlanganisa izinsiza zedijithali emafini.

Futhi maduzane ngeminyaka yawo-2020, i-IoT, AVs, amarobhothi, i-AR, nobunye 'ubuchwepheshe bomphetho' obulandelayo buzojikisa i-pendulum emuva ekuhlukaniseni abantu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuze lobu buchwepheshe busebenze, bazodinga amandla okwenza ikhompuyutha namandla okugcina ukuze baqonde indawo ezizungezile futhi basabele ngesikhathi sangempela ngaphandle kokuncika njalo efwini.

Ukushintshela emuva esibonelweni se-AV: Lokhu kusho ikusasa lapho imigwaqo ewuthelawayeka ilayishwa ngamakhompyutha amakhulu ngendlela yama-AV, ngayinye iqoqa ngokuzimela inani elikhulu lendawo, umbono, izinga lokushisa, amandla adonsela phansi, kanye nedatha yokusheshisa ukushayela ngokuphepha, bese yabelana ngaleyo datha no ama-AV awazungezile ukuze ashayele ngokuphephile ngokuhlanganyela, bese ekugcineni, abelane ngaleyo datha emuva efwini ukuze aqondise wonke ama-AV edolobheni ukuze alawule kahle ithrafikhi. Kulesi simo, ukucubungula nokwenza izinqumo kwenzeka ezingeni eliphansi, kuyilapho ukufunda nokugcinwa kwedatha yesikhathi eside kwenzeka emafini.

Sekukonke, lezi zinhlelo zekhompuyutha ezisemaphethelweni zidinga ukuthi zikhulise isidingo esikhulayo samadivayisi anamandla ekhompiyutha nokugcinwa kwedijithali. Futhi njengoba kuhlale kwenzeka, njengoba amandla e-computing enyuka, izicelo zamandla ekhompiyutha athi ziyakhula, okuholela ekwenyukeni kokusetshenziswa kwawo nesidingo, okuholela ekwehlisweni kwentengo ngenxa yezinga lomnotho, futhi ekugcineni kuholele emhlabeni izosetshenziswa idatha. Ngamanye amazwi, ikusasa elomnyango wakwa-IT, ngakho-ke yiba nomusa kubo.

Lesi sidingo esikhulayo samandla ekhompiyutha futhi yisizathu sokuthi kungani siphetha lolu chungechunge ngengxoxo emayelana nama-supercomputers, bese kulandelwa uguquko oluzayo oluyikhompyutha ye-quantum. Qhubeka ufunde ukuze ufunde kabanzi.