I-CRISPR yachaza: isikelo esinamandla kakhulu emhlabeni

Umhlaba wezakhi zofuzo ubulokhu uyisithembiso sezingxenye ezilinganayo kanye nempikiswano kusukela ekungeneni kwawo ku-zeitgeist yomphakathi ekhulwini lama-20. Ubunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo, ikakhulukazi, buye bacwiliswa ukuyenga nokungakhululeki kangangokuthi abanye babheka umlingo omnyama. Abantu abavelele abanengqondo ehluzeke ngenye indlela bavame ukumemezela ukuguqulwa kwamabomu kwe-DNA, ikakhulukazi i-DNA yomuntu, njenge-ersatz. 

Abantu baye basebenzisa ubunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo iminyaka eyinkulungwane

Ukulahlwa okunjalo okusobala kubonisa izwe elingakaze libe khona izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Isibonelo esisobala kakhulu ukudla, ikakhulukazi izinhlobonhlobo ze-GMO. Lawo ma-apula amakhulu, anempilo, anephunga elimnandi Elimnandi Elibomvu andiza esuka emashalofini egrosa ayinto ephambene uma kuqhathaniswa namadlozi awo angaphambi kwabantu.

Ngokuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezithile zama-apula, abantu bakwazi ukusabalalisa izakhi zofuzo ezaholela ekuthandeni ama-phenotypes (ukubonakaliswa ngokomzimba). Okubaluleke nakakhulu, ukukhetha izinhlobo zokudla okuyisisekelo ezimelana nesomiso njengokusanhlamvu nelayisi kuye kwasindisa impucuko eminingi enkulu ekuweni okubangelwa indlala. 

Izilwane ezifuywayo zinikeza ukugqama okugqama nakakhulu. Izimpisi ziyizilwane ezinonya, ezidla izindawo. Bafinyelela kumakhilogremu angu-180 okwesaba okumsulwa abantu abambalwa abangase bakwazi kangcono kakhulu ukulwa nabo. Ama-Teacup Pomeranians, ngokuphambene, anesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayisishiyagalombili emanzi te, futhi noma yimuphi umuntu ohlulwe ukulwa komunye akakufanelekeli ukudlulisela ufuzo lwakhe.

Ukuthi omunye wabazingeli abanekhono emhlabeni wehliswa waba i-fluffball ephefumulayo kuwubufakazi balo lonke uthando lwesintu ngokushintsha i-DNA ngamabomu. Izici ezivamile umphakathi ozikhethayo phakathi kwezilwane zihlanganisa ukuthobeka, ukulalela, amandla kanye, yiqiniso, ukunambitha. 

Kodwa umqondo wokuguqulwa kwe-DNA yomuntu oshiya imihlathi igape nama-knickers emaqenjini. Imibono ephakeme yenhlangano yaseMelika yokuqala yama-eugenics yanikeza indawo ephephile yokukhulumela ukuphakama kohlanga, okwashintsha futhi kwafinyelela umvuthwandaba owesabekayo eMbusweni Wesithathu. 

Noma kunjalo, ukutshalwa okunenjongo kwezakhi zofuzo ezifiselekayo kuyinto evamile emphakathini okhululekile. Isibonelo esisobala kakhulu esokukhipha isisu, okusemthethweni emiphakathini eminingi yaseNtshonalanga. Akwenzeki ukuphikisa ngokuthi abantu abanakho ukukhetha kuzakhi zofuzo ezithile emhlabeni lapho cishe amaphesenti angamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye emibungu ene-Down Syndrome ekhishwa izisu.

E-United States, izinkantolo ziye zabheka ukukhipha isisu okusekelwe kuzakhi zofuzo kuyilungelo elingokomthethosisekelo: Odokotela abacasha babonisa ukuphazamiseka kofuzo emibungwini, besaba ukuthi umama uzokhipha isisu, baye bavunyelwa.

Ukushintsha ngamabomu i-DNA yomuntu akuyona into efanayo nokwenza lula izakhi zofuzo ezithile phakathi nezizukulwane eziningi. Ngisho nezinqubo ezake zaba ngama-radical zokudala ama-GMO (izinto eziphilayo eziguqulwe ngofuzo) zikuvumela nje ukuthi ufake izakhi zofuzo ezikhona kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane esikhundleni sokuklama amanoveli. Nokho, kusobala ukuthi abantu bakhetha izakhi zofuzo ezithile futhi bazothatha izinyathelo ezinqala zokwenza lezi zakhi zofuzo zande kakhulu. Owokuqala unikeza nje indlela esheshayo, enembe kakhudlwana yokufeza izinhloso zalokhu kwakamuva. 

Indlela yokuguqula ngobuchule izakhi zofuzo sekuyisikhathi eside ibalekela isintu ngenxa yobunkimbinkimbi obukhulu bokusabela kwamakhemikhali e-biochemical azungeze i-DNA kanye nohlu oluncane lwamathuluzi asebenza esikalini esincanyana kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi, indlela yokusika i-DNA ezindaweni eziqondile ukuze kushintshwe izingxenye ezincane ibinzima.

Ukuphumelela kuka-2015 kwashintsha konke lokhu; lokhu kuphumelela manje kuvumela abantu ukuthi bachithe lokhu kungafaneleki okuhlala isikhathi eside. Umhlaba wamathuba ulindile kanye nethuba lokuhleleka kabusha kwemizimba yethu ngezinga elikhulu, indawo esizungezile ngisho nomnotho wethu kusezingeni eliphezulu. 

I-CRISPR: Isikelo esinamandla kakhulu emlandweni

(Qaphela: uma ukwazi ukusho wonke ama-organelles amakhulu eseli kanye nezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezintathu ze-RNA phezulu kwekhanda lakho, cishe uzothola incazelo elandelayo yenziwe lula kakhulu. Uma unokuqonda okuyisisekelo kokuthi iyini i-DNA ne-RNA, lokhu kuzoba incazelo ye-Goldilocks. Uma ungazi ukuthi iyini i-RNA, cabanga njengomfowabo omdala ka-DNA owagcina esengumfana we-DNA.) 

Lokhu kuphumelela kuhamba ngegama lika- I-CRISPR/CAS9, ngokuvamile ifushaniswa ukuze ibe CRISPR nje. Le ndlela entsha, ebizwa ngokuthi "Ngifisa sengathi ithosi lami libe crisper," imfushane ku-Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats. Ingabe lokhu kubonakala njengokuvala umlomo? Ikona. Yimunce. Kwakunjalo "ngemicabango yeGeneral and Special Relativity" kanye "ne-Deoxyribonucleic acid." Okutholwe yi-trailblazing kuvame ukuba namagama amade; ukugqoka ibhulukwe lomfana/intombazane enkulu kuyalulekwa uma usebenzelana nobuchwepheshe bekusasa.

Nakuba i-DNA eshintshiwe ingeyokwenziwa, zombili izingxenye ze-CRISPR zenzeka ngokwemvelo. Emgogodleni wayo, isebenzisa amasosha omzimba asekela wonke amangqamuzana aphilayo. Cabanga ngalokhu: amasosha omzimba ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi esomuntu, kodwa isikhathi esingamaphesenti angama-99, igciwane elilodwa alikwazi ukuthelela umuntu oyedwa izikhathi ezimbili ezihlukene.

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imicu ye-DNA yegciwane igcinwa futhi "ikhunjulwe" ngaphakathi kwamaseli ngemva kokuhlangana kokuqala. Ekhulwini lamashumi amabili, ososayensi bathola ukuthi izinhlobo ezithile zebhaktheriya zisemishi lezi zingcezwana ze-DNA phakathi kwemicu emifushane, ephindayo yamapheya ayisisekelo nawo ane-palindromic: ama-CRISPR. Izingxenye zegciwane manje sezigxiliswe unomphela ku-genome yebhaktheriya. Futhi ubucabanga ukuthi unekhono lokubamba amagqubu. 

Cabanga nge-bacteriophage (igciwane eliqondise amagciwane ngokuphambene nezinto eziphilayo ezinamangqamuzana amaningi, njengabantu) lihlasela i-Barry Bacteria kodwa lingambulali. Ngemva kwesonto, uPhil the Phage ubuya ku-Round 2. Nakuba u-Barry ebona uPhil emgqekeza, akakwazi ukuthumela amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi ukuthi ayoshaya uPhil ngoba akanawo. Amasosha omzimba asebenzisa indlela ehlukile.

Kulapho i-Cas9, enye ingxenye yohlelo lwe-CRISPR, iqala khona ukudlala. I-Cas9, emele iphrotheni 9 ehlotshaniswa ne-CRISPR, ihlola i-DNA yangaphandle ehlangana nayo futhi ihlole ukuthi ingabe ikhona ehambisana ne-DNA yegciwane eyigcinile phakathi kwama-CRISPR. Uma kunjalo, i-Cas9 iqala i-endonuclease, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-enzyme yokuvinjelwa, ukusika ingalo kaPhil, noma unyawo, noma mhlawumbe ngisho nekhanda lakhe. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyini ingxenye, ukulahlekelwa ingxenye enkulu kangaka yekhodi yabo yofuzo cishe njalo kwenza igciwane lingakwazi ukufeza izinhloso zalo zokuhlasela.

Amasosha omzimba abantu anqoba izimpi ngokumelene namagciwane ngokuthumela amaqhawe angabonakali kakhulu okuziphendukela kwemvelo ayokulwa, ahlome ngezincazelo ezinembe ngendlela emangalisayo zokubukeka nesitha saso. Indlela yebhaktheriya ifana kakhulu nokunqanda imiyalelo yomkhuzi wamasosha akhe ahamba ngezinyawo. "Hlasela amasango ngovivi," iba "Hlasela i-[BLANK] e-[KUTHUNYELWE]," futhi ukungena kwehlulekile. 

Ekugcineni, ososayensi bathola ukuthi cishe yonke into ephilayo inezici zazo zombili i-CRISPR ne-Cas9. Lokhu kungase kubonakale kushaqisa, kodwa empeleni kuyinto encane, njengoba zonke izinto eziphilayo zivela kumagciwane. Kulezi zinto eziphilayo, ama-CRISPR afana nomtapo wezincwadi wesikhathi sakudala idolobha elingakaze lizihluphe ngokuwudiliza, futhi i-Cas9 ingenye yama-enzyme avimbela abaluleke kakhulu.

Noma kunjalo, bakhona, bayasebenza, futhi okuhle kunakho konke, baphenduke abangabandlululi kakhulu: ososayensi babengabaphakela izingxenye ze-DNA ezingahlangene namagciwane, futhi i-CRISPR izowaqopha ngokwethembeka futhi uCas9 wayezokwenza izimbobo ngokwethembeka. . Ngokuphazima kweso, sase siphethe isikelo sikaNkulunkulu, futhi sasebenza cishe kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-DNA esasiluzama: ukudla, isilwane, izifo kanye womuntu. 

Nakuba le ndlela yaziwa ngokuthi "CRISPR," iyinhlanganisela yakho kokubili CRISPRs kanye Cas9 enamandla angenangqondo. Njengoba sekushiwo, kunenqwaba yama-enzyme avimbelayo atholakala ngaphambili, noma isikelo se-DNA. Kodwa-ke, i-CRISPR iyindlela yokuqala abantu abakwazile ukulawula lapho isikelo sisika khona ngezinga eliphezulu lokunemba. 

Empeleni, ama-CRISPR amasegimenti amafushane e-DNA asebenza njengamabhukhimakhi, noma njengezimpawu ezimbili ezithi “Qala ukusika lapha” kanye “Yeka ukusika lapha.” I-Cas9 iphrotheni engakwazi ukufunda ama-CRISPR futhi ikhulule i-enzyme ukuze isikwe kuzo zombili izikhala ezimakwe amabhukumaka.

Yini i-CRISPR engayenza?

Sthandwa, yini ayikwazi CRISPR yenzani? Kunezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko zezicelo zobuchwepheshe: izakhi zofuzo ezimbi ezitholakala kumdlavuza zingathathelwa indawo ngokulandelana kwe-DNA elungisiwe ukuze kuqedwe ukuguqulwa okuyingozi, futhi kungasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa izici ezithile ze-phenotype.

I-CRISPR iyajabulisa ngoba ayikabi ingane encane ngeminyaka futhi nokho isivele yagxuma ilabhorethri yaya emtholampilo. Ababhali bocwaningo lwango-2015 oluvela ku Nature bakwazi ukhiphe ama-48% wezakhi zofuzo ze-HIV kusuka kumaseli aphethwe yi-HIV kusetshenziswa i-CRISPR. Kodwa-ke, uma kukhulunywa ngomdlavuza, i-CRISPR isivele igxuma isuka esitsheni se-petri iye kubantu: ngoJuni, i-NIH igunyaze ucwaningo lokuqala lwama-T-cell akhiwe nge-CRISPR.

Uhlolo lugxile ekuvimbeleni ukubuya komdlavuza. Njengoba noma ubani onabangane noma umndeni oke wabhekana nomdlavuza (okuyinto, ngokudabukisayo, abantu abaningi) azi, ukubizwa ngokuthi awunawo umdlavuza akufani nokwelashwa. Eminyakeni emihlanu kuya kweyishumi ezayo, akukho okunye ngaphandle kokulinda futhi ubone ukuthi amaphakethe amancane omdlavuza aphunyukile yini ekwelashweni futhi alindele ithuba lokukhula futhi. Amaseli e-CRISPR T ane-DNA enomdlavuza efakwe ku-genome yawo, ewanikeza okulingana nezibuko ze-hyper-vision okufanele bafune ngazo umbusi wazo zonke izifo.

I-HIV kanye nomdlavuza kungama-Goliath amabili asabekayo emithi ye-pathological. Nokho, ukuqhathanisa i-CRISPR noDavid isingathekiso esinganele. UDavid okungenani wayengumuntu omdala, kanti i-CRISPR ayiyena umntwana osacathula, futhi lo mntwana usevele edubula egoli ngokumelene nalezi zitha eziphikelelayo zesintu.

Yebo, abantu abaningi abazichithi izimpilo zabo njalo bezulazula phakathi kwe-HIV nomdlavuza. Izifo ezivame kakhulu ezinobunzima obuncane kakhulu, njengemikhuhlane nemikhuhlane, zizongena kalula ngaphansi kwama-T-cell kuma-crispy steroids.

Ukusika i-DNA embi kuhle, kodwa kusekulungisweni kwe-DNA enephutha lapho amandla e-CRISPR aqamba amanga ngempela. Uma i-DNA isikwe endaweni efanele, futhi ingxenye eguquliwe isusiwe, kuba lula kakhulu ukusebenzisa ama-polymerase e-DNA ukuhlanganisa i-DNA efanele ndawonye.

Izinkinga zofuzo ezivame kakhulu e-United States kukhona i-hemochromatosis (insimbi eningi egazini), i-cystic fibrosis, i-Huntington’s Disease, ne-Down Syndrome. Ukulungiswa kwezingxenye ezibanga izifo ze-DNA kungavimbela inani elikhulu lokuhlupheka kwabantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinzuzo zezomnotho zingaba zinhle kakhulu: abalondolozi bezimali bangajabulela ukulondoloza amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-83 i-NIH eyichitha minyaka yonke ku-cystic fibrosis kuphela; abakhululekile bebezothola ithuba lokuphinde batshale lezi zimali kwezenhlalakahle.

Kulabo abathola i Down Izibalo zokuhushulwa kwezisu ze-Syndrome okuphazamisayo, ukuguqulwa kwe-CRISPR kungaba ukuyekethisa okufanele, okusindisa ukuphila kombungu kuyilapho kugcinwa ilungelo likamama lokungazaleli ingane ekhubazeke kakhulu.

Umhlaba we-biotechnology usuvele uvuselelwa yi-CRISPR. Imboni yokudla ye-GMO iyodwa isivele ibiza izigidigidi zamaRandi ngonyaka ngezindlela ezimbi kakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa ne-CRISPR. Izinkampani ze-GMO ezifana neMonsanto zenze ngcono inqwaba yokudla ngokufaka izakhi zofuzo ezikhuthaza ukuqina, usayizi, kanye nokunambitha okuvela kokunye ukudla.

Manje, ukuzingela kofuzo kuphelile, futhi izinkampani ze-biotech zingakwazi ukuklama isakhi sofuzo esifanelekile esingafakwa. Kungenzeka ukuthi emashumini ambalwa eminyaka azayo, i-Red Delicious kuyodingeka inikeze ubukhulu bayo emkhiqizweni ohambisana ne-Red Orgasm noma i-Red Spiritual Experience.

Ibhizinisi nepolitiki

I-CRISPR nayo inemithelela ephazamisayo neyentando yeningi. Ukuhlela i-Gene ngawo-2010 bekufana namakhompyutha ngawo-1970. Zikhona, kodwa ziyaxaka futhi zimba eqolo. Noma kunjalo, umkhiqizo uyigugu kangangokuthi izinkampani ezinkulu ngokwanele ukuba zikwazi ukuzikhokhela zithola inzuzo enkulu yemakethe.

Yingakho izinkampani ezifana neMonsanto ziye zakwazi ukuzuza ama-monopolies aseduze emkhakheni we-GMO. I-CRISPR izokwenza ubunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo lokho amakhompiyutha omuntu akwenza kwisofthiwe kuma-1980s; okusho ukuthi, ithuthukisa kakhulu ubuchwepheshe, kuyilapho ibenza bushibhe kangangokuthi amabhizinisi amancane nabantu ngabanye bangazuza ngabo. Noma ngabe ungumfundi webhayoloji, i-biohacker eyimfundamakhwela noma usomabhizinisi osaqala, ungathenga ikhithi ye-CRISPR ku-inthanethi ngamadola angamakhulu ambalwa.

Ngakho-ke, i-CRISPR kufanele yenze ama-behemoth e-biotech afana neMonsanto ethuke kakhulu. Izigidi zabantu ezifuna ukubukela phansi noma ukwehlula inkampani zonke zinikezwe insangu.

Abanye abantu bayaphikisana neMonsanto ngoba baphikisana namaGMO. Amazwi anjalo awathenjwa kakhulu emphakathini wesayensi: Ama-GMO athathwa njengephephile impela, cishe wonke umuntu uyawadla, futhi ama-GMO amelana nesomiso/andisa isivuno ayesekela "iNguquko Yokuhlaza" e-Afrika nase-India ngeminyaka yawo-1970s asindise amakhulukhulu. wezigidi zabantu ababulawa indlala.

Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi abasekela i-GMO bayayiphikisa iMonsanto ngenxa yezenzo zayo zebhizinisi ezizimele kanye nemizamo yokuphoqa abalimi abampofu ukuthi basebenzise imbewu yayo. Ngaphambi kwe-CRISPR, bekukuncane abebengakwenza ngaphandle kokuthi bebenezigidi eziyikhulu zamadola belele ukuze bethule ukuqaliswa kobunjiniyela bofuzo. Izingxabano zabo ezicolisekile zivame ukuminza "ama-GMO azokwenza amazinyo akho aphume futhi anikeze izingane zakho i-autism", okuvumela i-Monsanto ukuthi inike igunya ukuphikisa kwayo ngokukupenda njengokungavumelani nesayensi.

Manje, ukufinyeleleka okulinganiselwe kwe-CRISPR kuzovumela ama-GMO kanye nomkhakha wobunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo ukuthi kubuyiselwe abantu abanomqondo wentando yeningi, yintsha, yisigaba esiphakathi, yilabo abakholelwa ukuthi ukuncintisana okuqinile phakathi kwamabhizinisi kukhiqiza inqubekelaphambili esheshayo kanye nomnotho onempilo. kunokwenza i-ossified monopolies.

Izimiso zokuziphatha nezinye izindaba

Izinkinga zesimilo sobunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo zinamandla amakhulu. Amathuba okuklama i-supervirus ene-ins kanye nokuphuma kwamasosha omzimba womuntu abhalwe ku-genome yawo ayikwazi ukuchithwa. Leli yithemba eliphazamisayo; ingahlehlisa ipharadigm evamile, futhi ifane igciwane eligonyelwa amasosha omzimba. “Izingane zomklami” zingase zibangele ukuvela kabusha kwama-eugenics nohlanga lwezikhali zabantu lapho impucuko ivaleleke emzabalazweni oqhubekayo wokwakha izakhamuzi ezihlakaniphe kakhulu, ezinonya.

Kodwa-ke, lezi yizinkinga ngamakhono esikhathi esizayo wobunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo, hhayi ngamaqiniso amanje we-CRISPR. Okwamanje, akukho ukukhathazeka okuyinhloko okubalulekile okungafezeka, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuqonda kwethu okulinganiselwe kwebhayoloji yethu. I-CRISPR isho ukuthi ukube besinepulani yokwakha i-supervirus eshiwo ngenhla, mhlawumbe besingakwazi. Nokho, ulwazi lwethu ngezivikeli mzimba lulinganiselwe kakhulu ukuba sisebenzise igciwane elingase likwazi ukuligwema.

Ukukhathazeka ngezingane zomklami ngokufanayo kugcwele ngokweqile. Okokuqala, ukuhlangana kobunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo nama-eugenics kuyingozi futhi akulungile. I-Eugenics isayensi yemfucumfucu. I-Eugenics incike ekuqageleni okungamanga kokuthi izici ezinjengobuhlakani namandla zitholakala ngokuyinhloko, ngokuphambene nokuvumelana kwesimanje okunencanyana kokuthi 1) lezi zici azichazwanga kahle kakhulu, futhi 2) ziphuma ekusebenzelaneni okuyinkimbinkimbi kwe i-genome (hhayi nje izakhi zofuzo ezimbalwa).

Ukuthatheka kwama-eugenics amaningi ngokumenyezelwa kohlanga olumhlophe kubonisa ukuthi ukunyakaza akuyona into engaphezu komzamo wokunikeza i-pseudoscientific veneer yokufaneleka kwemibono emidala yobandlululo. Phela, "uhlanga" olumhlophe ngokwalo luyisakhiwo somphakathi, ngokuphambene neqiniso lezinto eziphilayo.

Okubaluleke nakakhulu, ama-eugenicists aphikisana ngokungaguquki ngokukhuthazwa kwezakhi zofuzo "ezihlanzekile" ngamandla. Ngama-1920s eMelika, lokhu kwakusho ukuvala inzalo kuwo wonke umuntu kusukela kwabagula ngengqondo kuya kwabaziphatha kabi ngokobulili, futhi ngawo-1940 eJalimane, kwakusho ukubulawa kwezigidi zabantu abangenacala. Naphezu kokuthi i-Third Reich ibulale iningi le-schizophrenics etholakele, iJalimane yanamuhla ayibonisi ukuphambuka ekuveleni kwe-schizophrenia komakhelwane bayo.

Sekushiwo lokho, ukudweba onjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo njengama-eugenicists kungcolisa igama elihle lososayensi abasebenza ukwenza ngcono konke abantu, kanye nokunikeza izazi ze-eugenics ithuba elihle lokuzibophezela ekusungulweni okujabulisa kakhulu kwesayensi njengamanje. Onjiniyela be-CRISPR abasekeli izinkolelo-mbono zobuhlanga, futhi bafuna ukukunikeza Okuningi inkululeko, Okuningi ukukhetha ongaphila ngakho impilo yakho.

Cha, i-CRISPR ngeke iholele ekutheni abazali bathuthukise ubungqingili ebantwaneni babo. "Ufuzo lwezitabane" yisingathekiso esifaneleka ngokumangalisayo sokuveza umbono wokuthi ubungqingili akuyona inketho. Nokho, njengokumelela kwangempela kweqiniso, inikeza okuncane. Ubulili bomuntu buwuchungechunge lwezindlela zokuziphatha eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezihlangene ezinezisekelo zofuzo nezemvelo. Iqiniso lokuthi abazali abanobulili obufanayo abazikhiphi izingane kamuva eziphenduke izitabane lifakazela ukuthi asikho “i-gay gene” elula ngokwanele ukuze i-CRISPR ikwazi ukushintshela ebungqingilini obuhlukile.

Ngokufanayo, ukucabanga ngemuva kokwesaba "ukuqhuma kobuhlakani be-embryo" nge-CRISPR kunephutha. Ubuhlakani bomuntu buyigugu lomqhele woMhlaba, futhi cishe nawo wonke isimiso sonozungezilanga. Iyinkimbinkimbi futhi iyakhuthaza kangangokuba iphesenti elikhulu labantu likholelwa ukuthi umsuka walo unamandla angaphezu kwawemvelo. I-DNA, ulimi lohlelo lwebhayoloji, iyayifaka ikhodi, kodwa ngendlela engaphezulu kakhulu kokuqonda kwethu. Izwe lapho saqonda khona ukuthi singashintsha kanjani ubuhlakani bethu nge-CRISPR kungaba umhlaba lapho esazi khona ukuthi kumelela ubuhlakani olimini lokuhlela.

Ukukhumbula ukuthi i-DNA iwulimi lokuhlela kusinika isingathekiso esiwusizo sokuqonda igebe phakathi kwamakhono e-CRISPR kanye nalawo adingekayo ukuze kusetshenziswe ukwesaba kwabantu mayelana nobunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo. Umzimba womuntu uwuhlelo lwekhompiyutha olubhalwe ngezigidigidi zemigqa ye-DNA base-pair code.

I-CRISPR isinika amandla okushintsha le khodi. Kodwa-ke, ukufunda ukuthayipha akukwenzi uchwepheshe wohlelo. Ukuthayipha ngokusobala kuyimfuneko ukuze ube uchwepheshe wezinhlelo, kodwa ngesikhathi umuntu esesondele nakakhulu ekwazini ukuhlela, usuke esedlule kudala ekutholeni ukufunda ukuthayipha.