Amandla avuselelekayo esikhathi esizayo: Amanzi olwandle

Akungabazeki ngakho, ukufudumala komhlaba kuyinkinga yangempela, futhi ekhulayo. Nakuba abanye bekhetha ukuziba izimpawu nolwazi abalunikeziwe, abanye babheke ekuthutheleleni emandleni avuselelekayo nahlanzekile. Abacwaningi abambalwa eNyuvesi yase-Osaka banakho okutholiwe indlela yokwenza amandla avuselelekayo esebenzisa enye yemithombo emikhulu emhlabeni, amanzi olwandle.

INKINGA:

Amandla elanga angumthombo omkhulu wamandla avuselelekayo. Nokho, singawasebenzisa kanjani amandla elanga lapho ilanga licashile? Enye impendulo iwukuguqula amandla elanga abe amandla amakhemikhali angasetshenziswa njengophethiloli. Ngokwenza lokhu kuguqulwa, ingagcinwa futhi inyakaze. I-Hydrogen (H2) iyikhandidethi elinamandla lokuguqulwa. Ingakhiqizwa ngokuhlukanisa ama-molecule amanzi (H2O) kusetshenziswa inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi "i-photocatalysis". I-Photocatalysis yilapho ukukhanya kwelanga kunikeza amandla kwenye into esebenza “njenge-catalyst”. I-catalyst isheshisa izinga okwenzeka ngalo ukusabela kwamakhemikhali. I-Photocatalysis yenzeka yonke indawo esizungezile, ukukhanya kwelanga kushaya i-chlorophyll yesitshalo (i-catalyst) emangqamuzaneni esitshalo, evumela ukuthi ikhiqize umoya-mpilo, kanye neglucose engumthombo wamandla!

Nokho, njengoba abacwaningi bathi ephepheni labo, "ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwamandla elanga aphansi kokukhiqizwa kwe-H2 kanye nenkinga yokugcina i-H2 enegesi kuye kwavimbela ukusetshenziswa okungokoqobo kwe-H2 njengophethiloli welanga."

ISIQINISO:

Faka i-hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Njenge-American Energy Independence amanothi, “I-hydrogen peroxide, lapho isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amandla, idala amanzi ahlanzekile nomoya-mpilo kuphela njengomkhiqizo, ngakho ibhekwa njengamandla ahlanzekile njenge-hydrogen. Nokho, ngokungafani ne-hydrogen, i-H2O2 [i-hydrogen peroxide] isesimweni esiwuketshezi ekamelweni lokushisa, ngakho ingagcinwa futhi ihanjiswe kalula.” Inkinga yayiwukuthi indlela yangaphambili yokwenza i-hydrogen peroxide isebenzisa i-photocatalysis emanzini ahlanzekile. Amanzi ahlanzekile ahlanzekile ngendlela athola ngayo. Ngenani lamanzi ahlanzekile asetshenziswe kule nqubo, kusho ukuthi akuyona indlela engenzeka ukudala amandla esimeme.

Nakhu lapho amanzi olwandle engena khona. Uma kubhekwa ukuthi amanzi olwandle enziwe ngani, abacwaningi bawasebenzise ku-photocatalysis. Umphumela waba inani le-hydrogen peroxide elaliphakeme ngokwanele ukusebenzisa i-fuel cell ye-hydrogen peroxide (i-fuel cell ifana nebhethri, kuphela idinga umfudlana oqhubekayo wamafutha ukuze isebenze.)

Le ndlela yokwenza i-hydrogen peroxide kuphethiloli iyiphrojekthi ekhulayo enendawo yokukhula. Kusenombuzo wokonga kwezindleko, nokuwusebenzisa esikalini esikhulu, esikhundleni nje se-fuel cell. Omunye wabacwaningi abahilelekile, u-Shunichi Fukuzumi, waphawulwa ku- esihlokweni ethi, "Esikhathini esizayo, sihlela ukusebenzela ekuthuthukiseni indlela yokukhiqiza okungabizi kakhulu, okukhulu kwe-H2O2 emanzini olwandle," uFukuzumi ubeka, "Lokhu kungase kuthathe indawo yokukhiqizwa kwamanje okubiza kakhulu kwe-H2O2 kusuka ku-H2 (ikakhulukazi ngegesi yemvelo) kanye ne-O2.”