Ukusimama: Ukudala Ikusasa Elithuthukile e-Brazil

IBrazil ithuthuka njengomholi ezimakethe zomhlaba futhi isebenzisa ukusimama ezindaweni zayo. Waziwa njengomnotho wesithupha ngobukhulu emhlabeni. Phakathi konyaka ka-2005 no-2010, ukukhula kwenani labantu kanye nokufudukela emadolobheni kubangele ukwanda okungamaphesenti angama-21 kokuphuma kwamandla okuhlobene. Emhlabathini waseBrazil, kukhona nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo eziboshiwe. Ingozi yokulahlekelwa ukuhlukahluka okunjalo ibangelwa imisebenzi yabantu. Iziphathimandla e-Brazil ziphenya izindlela ezingasiza ngazo ukuqeda izinselelo ekuthuthukisweni kwengqalasizinda, nokubhekelela abantu bayo. Phakathi kwazo kukhona imikhakha ebalulekile njengamadolobha kanye nezokuthutha, ezezimali, kanye nesimo esimeme. Ukuqaliswa kwezixazululo ezinjalo kuzovumela iBrazil ukuthi iguquke ukuze iqhubeke nezidingo zayo.

I-Up-cycling: Ukulungisa kabusha izindawo zama-Olympic

Njalo eminyakeni emine izwe lithatha isabelomali esikhulu ukujabulisa umhlaba. Ama-Olympics asehlobo awelele emahlombe eBrazil. Abasubathi baqhudelana ngezicoco, bekhipha impumelelo efana no-Usain Bolt, uMichael Phelps, noSimone Biles. Njengoba imicimbi yama-Olympic neParalympic iphela ehlobo lika-2016, yaveza izindawo ezingenamuntu. Ngemuva kwalokho kwavela inkinga: izinkundla zemidlalo zakhiwa ngenhloso amasonto amabili kuphela. Imvamisa, izikhala zenzelwe ukuhlala izixuku ezinkulu, kuyilapho amakhaya okuhlala esuswa, okushiya izakhamizi zinakekela indawo yokuhlala.

I-Brazil ibhekane nesinqumo sokuthatha imali enkulu yokugcina izakhiwo noma ukuklama kabusha indawo ukuze ifeze enye injongo, nakuba abaningi bengase baphikise ngokuthi lokhu akuwona umqondo omusha. Izindawo zokusingatha ama-Olympics eBeijing naseLondon zisebenzisa indlela efanayo. Nakuba izingosi eziningi zashiywa ethunzini njengendawo echithekile, kuye kwaba nezindaba eziphumelelayo.

Beijing bakhe kabusha indawo yabo yasemanzini kusukela kuma-Olympics ka-2008 kuya esikhungweni sokubhukuda, esingesinye sezinkulu emhlabeni. Yaziwa ngokuthi yiBeijing Water Cube, enenani lamaRandi ayizigidi eziyikhulu. Ngemuva kwama-Olympics Wasebusika ka-100, i-Olympic speed skating rink yangena Vancouver igcinwe ngokuzibophezela konyaka kwezigidi ezingu-110 zamaRandi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-spectrum, kunezikhumbuzo ezingenalutho njenge-Softball Stadium eyayisetshenziswa Athens Ama-Olympics ngo-2004.

Umehluko engqalasizinda yendawo yama-Olympic e-Rio ubalulekile ekunqumeni impumelelo yokwenza kabusha injongo. Yakhelwe ukuba ibe yesikhashana. Itemu lale nqubo laziwa ngokuthi “izakhiwo ezizulazulayo,” okusho ukuthi amathuba okudilizwa nokuthuthwa ezinkundleni zemidlalo yama-Olympic. Ibonakala ngokuhlanganisa izingcezu ezincane ezinenqwaba yengqalasizinda. Lokhu kuyinzuzo enkulu njengoba le ngqalasizinda idala indawo yokuhlola esikhathini esizayo. Iphinde ibambe izinto ezisebenzisa cishe u-50% we-carbon footprint uma kuqhathaniswa nezakhiwo ezijwayelekile. Le ndlela isukela emcabangweni wokusebenzisa izinto ezindala kunokuzilahla futhi iyindlela ephumelelayo yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni.

Indawo ebisingatha ibhola lezandla izodilizwa ukuze kwakhiwe izikole zamabanga aphansi endaweni yaseJacarepaguá. Ilinganiselwa ku-500 abafundi. I ukuhlakazwa kwe-Olympics Aquatic Stadium izokwakha amachibi omphakathi amancane. Isikhungo Sokusakaza Samazwe Ngamazwe sizosebenza njengesisekelo sendawo yokulala, ikakhulukazi esikoleni samabanga aphezulu esibhekelela abasubathi abanesiphiwo. Inhlanganisela ye-Olympic Park e-Barra de Tijuca, isikhungo esingamahektha angu-300, kanye nezindawo zama-Olympics eziyisishiyagalolunye zizothuthukiswa njengamapaki omphakathi futhi zithengiswe ngokuzimela ukuze zikhuliswe ngasese, okungenzeka zibe nomthelela ezikhungweni zemfundo nezemidlalo. Izihlalo ezisendaweni yethenisi, ezingaba ngu-18,250, zizosuswa ezindaweni ezahlukene.

Isimo sezomnotho saseBrazil sintekenteke, futhi kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ithuba lezwe lokutshalwa kwezimali. Inkampani enesibopho sokuthuthukisa izakhiwo ezinjalo yi-AECOM. Ukubaluleka kokugcina isimo senhlalo kanye nokuthatha umthwalo wemfanelo wezezimali kwakuyizizathu ezinkulu zemisebenzi yabo, eyaklanyelwe ukuhlukaniswa futhi yakhiwe futhi, njengeziqephu zendida. Ngokuvumelana ne UDavid Fanon, Umsizi Wosolwazi oqashwe ngokuhlanganyela eSikoleni Sezokwakha kanye Nomnyango Wezobunjiniyela Bomphakathi Nezemvelo eNyuvesi yaseNyakatho-mpumalanga, ukwakhiwa kwemizulane kunezingxenye ezifanayo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa amakholomu ensimbi avamile, amaphaneli ensimbi, nama-slabs kakhonkolo angahlakazwa futhi ahanjiswe kwenye indawo. Lokhu, futhi, kugwema ukulinganiselwa kokuthi izingxenye ezinjalo zingasetshenziswa kanjani futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, zigcina umsebenzi wezinto ezibonakalayo.  

Izinselelo ezakhiweni zemizulane

Izingxenye ezisetshenziswa ekwakheni izakhiwo ezizulazulayo kufanele zihlukaniswe njengokubili okulula ukuzihlukanisa kanye 'nokuhlanzeka'. Okusho ukuthi, bakhiqiza imikhondo emincane ye-carbon emvelweni. Isistimu ehlanganyelwe, njengoba kuboniswe emishayo namakholomu, ivezwa njengoba kudingeka. Kodwa-ke, izinselelo ezibalulekile zivela ngokwahlulela ikhono lomklamo lokusebenza njengesistimu. Izingxenye zesakhiwo sokuzulazula kumele futhi zisebenze njengesisekelo sokwakha iphrojekthi elandelayo. Izingxenye ezinkulu cishe zizoba nemikhawulo yokuhlukahluka nokunye ukusetshenziswa. Izindawo zama-Olympics e-Rio kukholakala ukuthi zixazulule zombili lezi zinkinga ngokuveza esikhathini esizayo ukusetshenziswa kwezingxenye ngaphambi kokuba kusungulwe izakhiwo.  

Nakuba ukuqaliswa kokwakhiwa kokuzulazula kwezindawo zama-Olympic kusho ifa elihlala isikhathi eside lezakhiwo, ukungabaza kuvela eBrazil ngokusebenzisa amasu okubuyisela kabusha izindawo zama-Olympic.

I-Moar Carioca - Ukushintsha umbono wamadolobha

Kusikiselwa ukuthi cishe ingxenye yabantu bomhlaba ihlala emadolobheni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abantu abaningi bathuthela kuzilungiselelo zasemadolobheni, indlela yokuphila exhumene kakhulu, kanye nethuba lokuthuthukisa indlela yabo yokuphila. Nokho, akubona bonke abantu abahambahambayo noma abanezinsiza zokwenza leso sinqumo. Lokhu kubonakala ezindaweni ezimpofu zaseBrazil, ezaziwa nangokuthi ama-favelas. Zichazwa njengezindlu eziyimijondolo. Odabeni lwaseRio, konke kwaqala ngo-1897, kushukunyiswa amasosha abuya e- I-Canudos impi. Lokhu bekusekelwe esidingweni sendawo yokuhlala yabantu bokufika ngenxa yokungabikho kwezindlu ezibiza kancane.

Phakathi neminyaka yawo-1960 ithemba lezindlu ezithengiswayo lenza inzuzo laphendulela amehlo abo ekuthuthukisweni kwama-favelas. Uhlelo lukahulumeni olubizwa CHISAM waqala ukuxosha abantu emizini yabo. Kusukela ngasekupheleni kwawo-1900 kuze kube manje, ngawo-21^st ekhulwini, izishoshovu kanye namaqembu asekelayo bebelokhu bekhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwendawo. Akukhona nje ukwehlukaniswa komphakathi, kodwa ukuphucwa abantu emasikweni abo. Umzamo wokuqala wokuxazulula le nkinga wawune- Iphrojekthi yeFavela-Barrio, eyaqala ngo-1994 futhi ngeshwa yaqedwa ngo-2008. Esikhundleni sokususa abahlali, le miphakathi yathuthukiswa. Iphrojekthi ye-Morar Carioca yathatha izintambo ngethemba lokuthuthukisa wonke ama-favelas ngo-2020.

Njengomlandeli, i-Moar Carioca izoqhubeka nokuthuthukisa ama-favelas futhi isebenze ngamaphutha atholwa iphrojekthi ye-Favela-Barrio. Okunye okuzogxila kukho ekuhlinzekeni amandla nemithombo yamanzi eyanele. Izinsiza zokuthuthwa kwendle zizokwakhiwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukususwa kwemfucuza ngendlela efanele. Kuzofakwa izibani zasemgwaqweni, futhi kwakhiwe izinkonzo zezenhlalakahle nezindawo zokungcebeleka. Futhi, izikhungo ezikhuthaza imfundo kanye nezinsizakalo zezempilo zizohlinzeka ngokusekela imiphakathi. Ezokuthutha nazo kulindeleke ukuthi zifike kulezi zindawo.