Ukugunyazwa ngokusemthethweni kwe-cannabis: Ukwenza kube semthethweni ukusetshenziswa kwe-cannabis emphakathini

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• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• February 4, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Okokuqala ngokungena esigabeni somhlaba ngesinqumo se-Uruguay, uhambo lokugunyazwa kwensangu seluthathwe ngamanye amazwe futhi lulokhu luthola ukwesekwa kancane kancane. Nakuba phambilini kugutyungelwe ukungamukeleki, ukuguquguquka kwamasiko okugqugquzelwa yizizukulwane ezincane ekubhekeni insangu njengomuthi wokuzilibazisa onobungozi obuncane obungaba nezakhiwo zokwelapha kube neqhaza elibalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukwamukelwa kwayo. Imithelela efinyelela kude evela kuleli gagasi loguquko ihlanganisa amathuba amasha ebhizinisi, amashifu emibhalweni yokunakekelwa kwezempilo, kanye nezinguquko kwezombusazwe nezemvelo.

Umongo wokwenza ngokusemthethweni insangu e-US

I-Uruguay ibe yizwe lokuqala ukugunyaza ukusetshenziswa kwensangu ngo-2013. Umphakathi wase-US nawo ubulokhu ubona izinzuzo eziqhubekayo. 

Ngo-1969, amaphesenti angu-12 kuphela abantu baseMelika abasekela umqondo wokwenziwa ngokusemthethweni kwensangu, leli nani lakhula lafinyelela kumaphesenti angu-31 ngonyaka ka-2000, futhi langaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-50 ngo-2013. Lesi sibalo sikhule saba ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-70 abantu baseMelika ngo-2021. I-cannabis yavalwa kuzo zonke izifundazwe ezingama-50 zase-US kwaze kwaba ngu-2012 lapho iba semthethweni ezifundazweni eziyi-18, kusukela eColorado. Ngo-2016, izifundazwe ezingama-36, okuhlanganisa neWashington DC, zase zikugunyazile ukusetshenziswa kwensangu yezokwelapha. 

Phakathi kwezizathu ezinkulu eziqhuba umthetho wokugunyazwa kwe-cannabis kube ukudambisa ukungabi nabulungiswa kweshumi leminyaka okubangelwa ubugebengu obuhlobene namabhodwe e-US. Kodwa-ke, ukumelana nezinga lombuso kanye ne-federal-level to legalization (2021) kuvame ukuba ngenxa yokuphikiswa komphakathi ezingxenyeni ezithile zezwe, kanye nezifundo ezihlobanise ukuba semthethweni nokwanda kokulutha kwe-cannabis ezifundazweni zomthetho. 

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Ukugunyazwa ngokusemthethweni kwensangu sekuphenduke insakavukela ngokwesiko ngenxa yobuholi kanye nokumela izizukulwane ezincane ezisekela kakhulu ukwenziwa kube semthethweni futhi zibheka insangu njengomuthi wokuzilibazisa onobungozi obuncane obuye ubonise izakhiwo ezisebenzayo zokwelapha. Ezizukulwaneni ezindala, ukumela kwabo kuholele ekuthuthukisweni okunjengomthetho weCannabis Opportunity Reinvestment and Expungement (MORE) owaphasiswa ngo-2019, umthethosivivinywa ozobona ukwenziwa ngokusemthethweni kwensangu uma usayinwa ngempumelelo emthethweni. 

Uma ukugunyazwa kusetshenziswa ngokugcwele, kungasho ukuthi amacala ahlobene nembiza namarekhodi obugebengu azosulwa, okuzovumela abantu abathintekayo ukuthi babambe iqhaza kakhulu kubasebenzi futhi nemiphakathi ibambe iqhaza ngokukhululeka embonini yensangu. Umthetho ungase futhi ukhiqize imali entsha yentela engatshalwa kabusha ezinhlelweni zomphakathi ezifana nezinsizakalo zokuqashwa kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa emiphakathini eyathintwa impi yezidakamizwa. 

Njengamanje, ohulumeni bezifunda lapho insangu isisemthethweni khona sebeqalile ukunikeza ama-dispensaries amalayisensi futhi basungula nemithethonqubo yokwengamela ukusatshalaliswa nokukhokhiswa intela. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi uhulumeni wobumbano wase-US uzolandela okufanayo ngesikhathi esifanele. 

Imithelela yokwenziwa ngokusemthethweni kwe-cannabis 

Imithelela ebanzi yokugunyazwa kwe-cannabis ingabandakanya:

• Izinkampani ezihlanganisa izithako ze-cannabis ekudleni okusha nezinketho zesiphuzo.
• Ohulumeni basebenzisa ulwazi lwabo ngokukhishwa kwensangu njengobugebengu kanye nokwenza kube semthethweni kwezinye izinto ezikhawulelwe, njengezidakamizwa ze-psychedelic.  
• Abasebenzi bezempilo baya ngokuya benikeza i-cannabis ezigulini ngenxa yobuhlungu nezimo zengqondo ezifana nokudangala nengcindezi. 
• Ukwanda kocwaningo kubuchwepheshe bezolimo, ukuthuthukisa ukuqonda kwesayensi kanye nokwenza ngcono izindlela zokutshala hhayi insangu kuphela kodwa nezinye izitshalo.
• Umthetho omusha oletha izinguquko eziyinkimbinkimbi kwezombusazwe, njengoba osopolitiki nabashayi bemithetho bezama ukuzivumelanisa nalezi zinguquko futhi banikeze ukubusa okuphumelelayo.
• Ukukhula kwesidingo sensangu okuholela ekutheni umhlaba wezolimo owengeziwe onikelwe ekulinyweni kwawo, kube nomthelela emaphethini okusetshenziswa komhlaba kanye nemithombo yamanzi okungenzeka ibe nzima.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ume kuphi ekugunyazweni kwe-cannabis futhi ngani? 
• Ingabe imithelela emihle engaba khona yokwenziwa ngokusemthethweni kwe-cannabis iyayidlula imithelela engemihle, noma ingabe ngenye indlela?