Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla wamafu: Ingabe ifu liwonga kakhulu amandla?

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• December 1, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Ukwanda okusheshayo kwe-cloud computing kubekela inselele ikhono lemboni lokuhlangabezana nezinhloso zemvelo, naphezu kwesithembiso sayo sokuqala sokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni. Amaqhinga afana nokwakha izikhungo zedatha eduze kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo nokusebenzisa imithetho eqinile yamandla ayacatshangelwa ukuze kubhekwane nalokhu kukhathazeka kwemvelo. Ukukhula komkhakha wamafu kungase futhi kube nomthelela ekushintsheni kokuthandwa ngabathengi, izinxephezelo zikahulumeni, nemiklamo yezobuchwepheshe, konke okuhloselwe ukukhuthaza ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kanye nesibopho semvelo.

Umongo wokusetshenziswa kwamandla wamafu

I-Cloud computing isiyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yemakethe yezobuchwepheshe, ihlinzeka amabhizinisi ngamakhono akhulayo wezobuchwepheshe ngezindleko eziphansi zomzimba nezezezimali. Kodwa-ke, ngenkathi zenzelwe ukusiza ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni, ukukhula okusheshayo kwemboni yamafu kwenze kwaba nzima ukuthi imboni ifinyelele imigomo yayo yezemvelo.

I-Cloud computing ingasebenza futhi isekele izidingo zesisekelo samakhasimende sayo zobuchwepheshe nedatha ngokugcina idatha kuzikhungo zedatha ezinkulu noma amapulazi eziseva. Lezi zikhungo zitholakala kakhulu ezindaweni ezibandayo zeplanethi, njenge-Antarctica ne-Scandinavia, ukunciphisa amandla adingekayo ukuze kuphole lezi zikhungo ukuze imishini isebenze kahle ngangokunokwenzeka. I-Amazon Web Services (AWS) ithe izikhungo zedatha ziwonga amandla ngokuphindwe kathathu kunenkampani evamile e-European Union (EU), ngokusekelwe ocwaningweni lwazo lwezinkampani zaseYurophu ezingama-300. 

I-AWS iphinde yathi amabhizinisi afudukela efwini ehlise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphelele kwalezi zinkampani ngamaphesenti angama-80 kanye nokukhishwa kwekhabhoni ngamaphesenti angama-96. Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kwe-French think-thank The Shift Project, ukwanda kokufuduka kwamafu kanye nokwandisa izikhungo zedatha ukuze kusekelwe lokhu kukhula kwenze amazinga okuphuma kwekhabhoni abe phezulu kunohambo lwendiza lwangaphambi kwe-COVID-19. Izinkampani ezinhlanu ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe emhlabeni ngo-2022 (i-Amazon, i-Google, iMicrosoft, i-Facebook, ne-Apple) sezivele zisebenzise amandla amaningi njenge-New Zealand (ngaphezu kwamahora angama-terawatt angu-45). Izikhungo zedatha zihlanganisa amaphesenti angu-15 wengqalasizinda yedijithali yemboni ye-IT, ngokusho kwe-The Shift Project. Ukwengeza, izingqalasizinda eziningi zesevisi yamafu zisasebenza emalahleni, kuyilapho amaphesenti angu-5 kuphela egridi yamandla omhlaba esebenzisa amandla avuselelekayo, ngokusekelwe embikweni ka-2020 ovela enkampanini kawoyela i-BP.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Ukuzibophezela kwezinkampani ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe emhlabeni ukuze kufinyelele izinga eliphelele le-zero noma le-carbon negative ngo-2040 kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokubhekana nokukhathazeka kwesimo sezulu. Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe baphakamisa ukuthi amaqhinga anolaka ayadingeka ukuze kulawuleke izimfuno zamandla ezikhulayo embonini yamafu. Ukwakhiwa kwezikhungo zedatha eduzane nemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo, njengamapulazi elanga nomoya, kunganciphisa izindleko zokudlulisela futhi kuvikeleke ukutholakala kwamandla ahlanzekile njalo. 

Njengoba ubuchwepheshe obufana nokufunda komshini, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, kanye ne-blockchain buqhubeka nokukhula, busebenzisa amandla kakhulu. Ukuphendula, kungase kube nokukhushulwa kokuqondisa kokuqondisa ukuze kukhawulwe ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ezimbonini namabhizinisi athembele kakhulu kulobu buchwepheshe. Ukuqaliswa kwezindinganiso zokusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nezintela zekhabhoni kuyindlela ezwakalayo yokuthi ohulumeni bakhuthaze imboni yamafu kanye nezinkampani ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe ukunciphisa nokulawula ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni yazo. 

Izinguquko emsebenzini wokucwaninga amabhuku kungenzeka zivele ukuze kulinganise kangcono ukusetshenziswa kwamandla embonini yamafu kanye nabaqhubi bayo. Ukuhlola okunembile nokubika ngokusetshenziswa kwamandla kubalulekile ekuphoqeleleni izindinganiso zokulawula kanye nezinkampani ukuba zibonise ngokusobala inqubekelaphambili yazo ekuzibophezeleni kwezemvelo. Lokhu kuguquguquka kwezinqubo zokucwaninga kungaholela embonini ekwazi ukuziphendulela futhi esobala, lapho izinkampani zingakhuthazwa nje ukuthi zisungule izindlela ezintsha zokonga ugesi kodwa futhi zithweswe umthwalo wemfanelo ngomthelela wazo kwezemvelo. 

Imithelela yokusebenzisa amandla embonini yamafu

Imithelela ebanzi yamabhizinisi amaningi asebenzisa ifu, kanye nezidingo zokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwefu ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nalezi zidingo, kungase kuhlanganise:

• Ukutshalwa kwezimali okunyukile okuvela ezinkampanini zekhompuyutha yamafu kumandla avuselelekayo aphethwe abantu abazimele njengelanga nomoya njengoba bephenya izindlela zokufeza izibopho zabo zokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni.
• Izinkampani zeBig Tech nezokuxhumana ezizibandakanya kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda yezinsiza zasekhaya nezesifunda ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ingqalasizinda yamandla yesikhathi esizayo iyayisekela imizamo yokunciphisa ikhabhoni.
• Imithetho eqinile ekusebenzeni kahle kwamandla esikhungo sedatha, okufaka phakathi amapulazi eseva, amadivayisi enethiwekhi, isitoreji, nezinye izingxenyekazi zekhompyutha.
• Ukunyuka kwesidingo sekhompuyutha yamafu kanye nesikhungo sedatha njengobuchwepheshe obunjengobuhlakani bokwenziwa, ukuphathwa kwamandla okukhaliphile nokukhiqiza, kanye nezimoto ezizimele ziqhubeka nokuthuthuka.
• Ukugxila okuthuthukisiwe ku-hardware eyonga amandla nemiklamo yesofthiwe kukhompyutha yamafu, okuholela ekucutshungulweni okusebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.
• Ohulumeni bakha izikhuthazo zezinkampani ukuthi zithuthukise futhi zisebenzise ubuchwepheshe obusebenzisa amandla amancane, ukukhuthaza indawo lapho ukonga kwamandla kuyisici esibalulekile sokuncintisana.
• Shift kuzintandokazi zabathengi ubheke kumasevisi wamafu kusuka ezinkampanini ezikhombisa isibopho esiqinile sezemvelo, ezinomthelela ekushintsheni kwezimakethe nezinqubomgomo zenkampani.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ucabanga ukuthi izinsiza zamafu ziwonga kakhulu amandla ngokujwayelekile?
• Ucabanga ukuthi imboni yobuchwepheshe iyonke kufanele ibhekane kanjani nesidingo esikhulayo sikagesi sezikhungo zabo zedatha?