Umoya kagesi: Ingabe lobu buchwepheshe benoveli bungakwazi ukuthatha indawo yezinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi?

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• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• December 30, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Umoya kagesi noma we-ionic wuhlelo olushukumisayo olusebenzisa inkambu kagesi ukuze kwakheka i-thrust. Lobu buchwepheshe bunezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ezingase zibe khona, okuhlanganisa ezezindiza nezolimo. Izinselelo zamanje ekusebenziseni lobu buchwepheshe ngokuyinhloko zihlobene nokusebenza kahle kwawo kanye nogesi odingekayo ukuze usebenze.

Umongo womoya kagesi

Umoya ungenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili: eyokuqala ngezimbangela zemvelo, njengokushintsha komfutho noma izinga lokushisa, kanti eyesibili ngama-ion. Ngo-1920, umoya we-ionic wabonakala okokuqala, futhi ngawo-1960, wathuthukiswa futhi wadalwa ugesi. Ngezinye izikhathi okubizwa ngokuthi i-electro-aerodynamic thrust, umoya we-ionic ukhiqizwa lapho amandla kagesi ehamba phakathi kwama-electrode amabili anobubanzi obuhlukene.

Ngokuvamile, phakathi kuka-10,000 no-30,000 volts anele ukukhiqiza umoya kagesi. Uma kukhona i-voltage eyanele, ama-electrode angakha amandla anele ukuze anike amandla indiza encane. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela ayizange isetshenziswe ngokuvamile ngoba yayilinganiselwe kakhulu ekuhloleni okungase kube mancane amathuba okuba isetshenziswe ngendlela engokoqobo.

Iningi lokuhlolwa komoya we-ionic ligxile ekuqhubekiseni indiza njengendlela engase ibe khona esikhundleni samafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi. Ingxenye ebalulekile yomshini wokundiza we-ionic ukusebenzisa amabhethri alula kakhulu angakhipha amandla amaningi isikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, inkinga nge-electro-aerodynamics indlela yokudala umehluko omkhulu ku-voltage ngaphandle kokwakha izinhlelo ezibizayo.

Lo mzamo uyinselele ngoba isistimu idinga ukukhanya futhi iqine. Ukwengeza, inselele enkulu zonke izindiza ezinikezwe amandla omoya we-ionic ukuthi izici zokuhambisa azikwazi ukugxila endaweni eyodwa. Esikhundleni salokho, kufanele zisakazwe kuyo yonke imoto ngoba umoya okhiqizwa phakathi kwama-electrode wenza i-ionic thrust isebenze. Kudingeka i-thrust enamandla uma isikhala phakathi kwama-electrode sinwebeka kakhulu.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Ngo-2018, indiza yokuqala ngqa engenazo izingxenye ezihambayo yakhiwa futhi yandiziswa onjiniyela baseMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Indiza elula inikwe amandla ukugeleza okuthulile kodwa okuqinile kwama-ion akhiqizwa ngaphakathi kwemoto futhi akhiqiza ukusunduza okwanele ukuqhubeza indiza eqhubekayo, enganyakazi. Le nqubo yonke yenziwa ngaphandle kwama-turbines noma ama-propeller.

Ithimba landizisa indiza linqamula amamitha angu-60 futhi lathola ukuthi indiza ikhiqize i-ionic thrust eyanele ukusekela ukuhamba ngaso sonke isikhathi. Baphinda ukuhlola izikhathi eziyishumi, ngokusebenza okufanayo. I-prototype iyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekuboniseni ukuba nokwenzeka kwe-ion wind propulsion. Abacwaningi baphenya ukusebenza kahle kwemodeli yabo ukuze bakhiqize umoya we-ionic owengeziwe onamandla amancane. 

Ngaleso sikhathi, kukhona ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zomoya we-ionic ngaphandle kokuqhutshwa kwendiza. Ngo-2021, abacwaningi base-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology bahlela ukuthuthukisa ukomiswa komoya we-ionic; le nqubo yasebenzisa ugesi ukomisa izithelo nemifino ukuze kwandiswe ubusha bazo. Kodwa-ke, leli qembu belingazi ukuthi lizofinyelela ukuncipha okungaka okungamaphesenti angama-85 ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla.

Idizayini yemeshi yensimbi eyingqayizivele, ethatha indawo yengcwecwe yensimbi esetshenziswe ezinguqulweni zangaphambili zobuchwepheshe, yanciphisa kakhulu isikhathi esisithathayo ukomisa umkhiqizo. Futhi nakuba ucwaningo olwengeziwe ludingeka ukuze kuhlolwe umthelela wokomiswa komoya we-ionic ezakhiweni zokudla, imiphumela yokuqala ibonisa ukuthi le ndlela ibhubhisa amavithamini namaminerali ambalwa kunezindlela zendabuko ezisekelwe ekushiseni. 

Imithelela yomoya kagesi

Imithelela ebanzi yomoya kagesi ingase ihlanganise: 

• Umoya we-ionic usetshenziselwa ukupholisa ama-chips wamandla, amakhompyutha aphathekayo, namasistimu kagesi kusetshenziswa amandla amancane.
• Ukutshalwa kwezimali okunyukile ocwaningweni lokuhlanganiswa komoya kagesi kumamodeli ezindiza njengoba imboni ye-aerospace ishintsha ukuze ihlanze amandla.
• Ukusetshenziswa okungenzeka komoya we-ionic ekuphatheni nasekugcineni izithelo, imifino, neminye imikhiqizo.
• Imimoya kagesi isetshenziswa kuma-drones njengendlela yokuhambisa ikhabhoni ephansi.
• Amamotho e-Ionic, amafeni, nezinzwa ezisebenzisa ugesi omncane futhi ezingashisi kalula.
• Amasistimu okupholisa athuthukisiwe ezimotweni zikagesi, kusetshenziswa umoya we-ionic ukulawula izinga lokushisa nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwemoto.
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokungenisa umoya ezithule, ezonga amandla ezindlini zokuhlala nezamabhizinisi, kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bomoya kagesi.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ucabanga ukuthi lobu buchwepheshe buzoguqula kanjani izinhlobo zezindiza?
• Yiziphi ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza komoya we-ionic?